船上海洋污染应急计划SMPEP

SHIPBOARD MARINE POLLUTION

EMERGENCY PLAN

(SMPEP)

船上海洋污染应急计划In accordance with Regulation 37 of Annex I and Regulation 17 of Annex II of MARPOL 73/ 78 根据MARPOL 73/78公约附则I第37条以及附则II第17条之规定编写

FOR

M.T.“”

变更记录Record of Revision

船上海洋污染应急计划SHIPBOARD MARINE POLLUTION EMERGENCY

PLAN

船名:

NAME OF SHIP :

船舶编号或呼号:

DISTINCTIVE NUMBER OR LETTER :

国际海事组织编号：

IMO NUMBER :

船型：

TYPE OF SHIP :

载重吨（夏季吃水）：

DEAD WEIGHT(SUMMER) :

船籍港:

PORT OF REGISTRY :

批准主管机关 :

ADMINISTRATION APPROVAL :

地点:

PLACE :

日期:

DATE :

目录TABLE OF CONTENT/ INDEX OF SECTIONS

简介INTRODUCTION (6)

第一节：序言SECTION 1:PREAMBLE (7)

第二节：报告要求SECTION 2:REPORTING REQUIREMENTS (11)

2.1 总论General (11)

2.2 报告程序Reporting Procedures (11)

2.2.1 何时报告When to report (11)

2.2.1.1 发生排放Actual Discharge (12)

2.2.1.2 可能发生排放Probable Discharge (12)

2.2.2 所需信息资料Information Required (13)

2.2.3 向谁报告Who to Contact (16)

2.2.3.1 沿岸国联系人Coastal State Contacts (17)

2.2.3.2 港口国联系人Port Contacts (17)

2.2.3.3 船舶重要联系人Ship Interest Contacts (18)

第三节：控制排放措施SECTION 3:STEPS TO CONTROL DISCHARGE (20)

3.1 操作性溢漏Operational Spills (20)

3.1.1 操作性溢漏的防范Operational Spill Prevention (20)

3.1.2 管线泄漏Pipeline Leakage (21)

3.1.3 货舱溢漏Tank Overflow (22)

3.1.4 船体泄漏Hull Leakage (22)

3.1.5 机器处所设备引起的泄漏Spills caused by Equipment in Machinery Spaces (23)

3.2 由于船舶事故造成的泄漏Spills Resulting From Casualties (23)

3.2.1 搁浅Ship grounded/stranded (23)

3.2.1.1 防止火灾和爆炸Prevention of Fire and Explosion (24)

3.2.1.2 船体破损应力Extension of Hull Damage (25)

3.2.1.3 减少或停止油污或有毒物质外泄程序Procedures to Reduce or Stop Outflow of Oil or NLS (25)

3.2.1.4 自行起浮脱浅Refloating by own Means (26)

3.2.1.5 固定船身Securing the Ship (27)

3.2.2 火灾/爆炸Fire/ Explosion (27)

3.2.3 碰撞Collision (28)

3.2.4 船壳破损/舱容破损Hull Failure/Containment Failure (29)

3.2.5 严重倾斜Excessive List (30)

3.2.6 危险的货物混合或化学反应形成的危险状态Dangerous reaction of cargo/contamination

yelding a hazardous condition (31)

3.2.7 其他危险货物和/或蒸汽泄漏other dangerous cargo and/or vapour release (31)

3.2.8 舱内环境失控Loss of tank environmental control (32)

3.2.9 船舶沉没/坍塌/损毁Ship submerged/foundered/wrecked (32)

3.3 优先措施Priority Actions (33)

3.4 减轻措施Mitigating Activities (34)

3.5 燃油/货物的过驳-减轻措施Transfer of Bunker/Cargo - Lightening (34)

3.6 破舱稳性和船体应力的计算Damage Stability and Hull Stress Calculation (36)

3.7 船长和船员的职责General Responsibilities of the Master and Officers/ Crew Members (37)

SECTION 4: 国家和地区协作NATIONAL AND LOCAL CO-ORDINATION (40)

SECTION 5 附加信息资料ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (41)

APPENDIX 1 初始报告INITIAL NOTIFICATION (51)

APPENDIX 2 沿岸国联系人COASTAL STATE CONTACTS (FOCAL POINTS) (53)

APPENDIX 3 港口国联系人PORT CONTACTS (54)

APPENDIX 4 船舶重要联系人SHIP INTEREST CONTACTS (55)

APPENDIX 5 船舶技术资料图纸SHIP′S PLANS AND DRAWINGS (56)

INTRODUCTION

1.本计划根据《经1978年议定书修订的1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》(以下简称“MARPOL73/78公约”)附则I第37条以及附则II第17条规定的要求编写。遵照海上环境保护委员会MEPC78(43)决议，本计划作为船舶油污应急计划和船舶海上有毒物质污染应急计划的合并本。

The plan is compiled in accordance with the requirements of Regulation 37of Annex I and regulation 17 of Annex II of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (hereafter referred to as the "MARPOL73/78 convention"). and amended by Res. MEPC.78(43).

As recommeded by IMO this plan is a combination of a SOPEP and a Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan for noxious liquid substances.

2.本计划意在当船舶发生或可能发生污染事故采取有关措施时，为船长或驾驶员提供指导。

The purpose of the plan is to provide guidance to the master and officers on board the ship with respect to the steps to be taken when an oil pollution accident has occurred or is likely to occur.

3.本计划包括MARPOL73/78附则I第37条和附则II第17条规定、国际海协组织制订的“船舶海上污染应急计划编制指南”(以下简称“指南”)及有关政府条令所要求的所有材料和操作程序。附录包括所有与计划有关联的联系人的姓名、电话、电传号码等，以及其它有关数据。

The plan contains all information and operational instructions required by Regulation 37 of Annex I and regulation 17 of Annex II of MARPOL73/78 Convention, "guidelines for the development of the shipboard marine pollution emergency plan" (hereafter referred to as the "guidelines") developed at International Maritime Organization (IMO), and the relating ministerial ordinance. The appendices contain names, telephone and telex numbers, etc., of all contacts referred to in the plan as well as other reference material.

4.本计划业经法国船级社代表巴拿马政府批准，除下列情况外，未经法国船级社许可，不得对其任何部分作改变和修订。

This plan has been approved by Class BV on behalf of the government of the Panama and, except as provided below, no alteration or revision shall be made to any part of it without the prior approval of the Class BV.

5.修改第5节和附录不必经主管机关批准。附录中的船舶所有人、营运人和经营人，必须为最近情况。

Changes to Section 5 and the appendices will not be required to be approved by the Administration. The ship’s owners, operators and managers should maintain the appendices up to date.

6.一些沿岸国家认为确定对油污染事故采取的方法和措施并批准这些可能引起进一步污染的操作(减载)是他们的责任，而并不妨碍船东的义务。各国通常有权根据1969年国际干预公海油污染事故公约的要求这样做。

Without interfering with ship owner's liability, some coastal States consider that it is their responsibility to define techniques and means to be taken against an oil pollution incident and approve such operations which might cause further pollution, i.e. lightening. States are

in general entitled to do so under the International Convention relating to Intervention on the High seas in cases of oil pollution Casualties, 1969 (Intervention Convention).

在船上进行定期演练不仅能保证船员熟悉其职责同时也有助于形成一个熟练掌握有效的方法的团队以应对各种污染事故。

Routine drills conducted on board will not only ensure that the ship’s staffs are familiar with their duties but will assist informing a proficient team to combat all pollution incidents in an efficient manner.

在事故中起用了该计划后,须对其有效性做一个总结回顾。

Following an incident in which the plan has been activated there will be a through review of its effectiveness.

第一节序言

Section ⅠPreamble

1.1本计划适用于帮助船员处理意外的排油(或有毒液体物质)，其主要目的是采取

必要的措施，以控制或减少排放和减轻其危害。有效的计划能确保有组织的,合理的,安全的和及时的方法采取必要的行动减小泄露及其影响。

This Plan is available to assist the ship′s personell in dealing with an unexpected discharge of oil or noxious liquid substances. Its primary purpose is to set in motion the necessary actions to stop or minimize the discharge of those substances and to mitigate its effects.

1.2有效的计划能够保证必要的措施能及时地有组织地有条不紊地进行。

Effective planning ensures that the necessary actions are taken in a structured, logical and timely manner.

1.3 本计划的主要目的是

The primary objectives of this Plan are to

i.防止污染prevent pollution。

ii.截止或者降低由于船损造成的外溢。

stop or minimize outflow when a damage to the ship or its requirements occurs

iii 截止或者降低操作性外溢，降低至规则可接受的数量和速率范围内。

stop or minimize outflow when a operational spill occurs in excess of the quantity or instantaneous rate permitted under the present Convention

1.4更进一步，本计划旨在为船长，驾驶员，特定船员提供一个实际可操作的指导以

防止海上污染并能执行MARPOL73/78附则I第37条和附则II第17条规定的义务。

Further, the purpose of the Plan is to provide the Master, officers and certain crew members with a practical guide to the prevention of marine spills and in carrying out the responsibilities associated with regulation 37 of Annex I and Reg. 17 of Annex II of MARPOL 73/ 78:

。报告污染事故的程序

procedures to report an oil / marine pollution incident。

。在发生外溢污染事故时需要联系沿岸国联系人以及港口国联系人表

Coastal State contacts (Focal Points) and Port Contact Lists to be contacted

in the event of any pollution incident

。事故随之后的减少和控制排放的应急响应行动

response actions to reduce or control the discharge of substances following

an incident

。和沿岸国以及港口当局协同行动。

co-ordination with national and local Authorities in combatting a pollution 1.5 总之，本计划在船员面对泄露时有助于提高实用的应对措施。

In summary, the Plan will serve to promote a practised response when the ship′s personell is faced with a spill.

1.6 尽管本计划是专业设计的船舶特有工具，但必须也要充分考虑到额外的和岸基计

划相衔接的设备。本计划鼓励船岸之间有效的共同对抗和降低任何污染事故造成的影响。

Although the Plan is designed as a ship-specific tool it must also be considered as an additional instrument and as a link to shore-based plans. With this the Plans allowes an efficient co-ordination between the ship and shore-based Authorities/ Organizations in mitigating the effects of any pollution incident.

1.7本计划包含了一份总图（见9页图）以指导船长在出现污染事故时的报告和行动

程序。

The Plan includes a summary flowchart (see page 9) to guide the Master through reporting and acting procedures required during an oil pollution incident response.

1.8本计划作为船上的船长和驾驶员使用的重要文件，应包含他们所使用的工作语言。

The Plan is likely to be a document used on board by the Master and officers of the ship and must therefore be available in the working language used by them.

船舶海洋污染应急计划---简明流程图

SHIPBOARD MARINE POLLUTION EMERGENCY PLAN – SUMMARY FLOWCHART

流程图仅仅是船上人员在应急防污染行动中的一个概括性指导图，基于海事组织出版的指南。此图并非是详尽，也不应被被单独使用，应参考本计划包含的其他指导意见。本图的行动步骤旨在帮助船上人员截止或减少油类或者有毒液体物质的溢漏并尽量降低其造成的影响。这些步骤主要由两部分组成。报告和采取措施。

This flow diagram is an outline of the course of action that shipboard personnel should follow in responding to a pollution emergency based on the guidelines published by the Organization. This diagram is not exhaustive and should not be used as a sole reference in response. Consideration should be given for inclusion of specific reference to the Plan. The steps are designed to assist ship personnel in action to stop or minimize the discharge of oil or NLS and mitigate its effects. These steps fall into two main categories – reporting and action.

第二节报告要求

SECTION Ⅱ REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

2.1 综述General

本节的报告要求是遵照MARPOL73/78公约”)附则I第37条以及附则II第17条规定

The reporting requirements of this section comply with those of regulation 37

Annex I and 17 Annex II of MARPOL 73/ 78.

当船舶涉及油污事故，从而导致有害物质实际的排放或可能发生的排放时，船长或其它船舶主管人员应毫不迟疑地采用最快电讯信道，按照MARPOL73/78公约第8条和议定书I的要求，最优先地向最近沿海国报告事故的详细情况，以便沿海国以及其它部门采取相应的行动。

When the ship is involved in an incident which results in the discharge (or probable discharge) of oil or NLS, the Master is obliged under the terms of MARPOL 73/ 78 to report details of the incident, without delay, to the nearest Coastal State by

means of the fastest telecommuncation channels available.

这些要求旨在确保沿岸国得到尽快的通知，对引起污染或可能威胁海洋环境

的事故采取必要的应对和救援措施

The intent of these requirements are to ensure that Coastal States are informed,

without delay, of any incident giving rise to pollution, or threat of pollution of the

marine environment, as well as of assistance and salvage measures, so that

appropriate action may be taken.

在不妨碍船东利益的情况下，一些沿岸国把这些事故中采取的防止污染扩大

的措施看成他们的责任和权力。需要指明的是，沿岸国按照各种相关的国际

公约及条款通常是有这样的权力的。

Without interfering with shipowners' liability, some coastal states consider that it is their responsibility to define techniques and means to be taken against a marine

pollution incident and approve such operations which might cause further pollution,

i.e. lightening. States are in general entitled to do so under the International

Convention relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution

Casualties, 1969 and the Protocol relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Case of Pollution by Substances other than Oil, 1973.

2.2 报告程序

Reporting Procedures

为便于参考，报告要求内容部分在本计划中分为两部分

For easy reference the reporting requirements in the context of this Plan are divided in the following information blocks:

2.2.1何时报告

When to report

参照第九页流程图，在以下情况下：

Taking the summary flowchart as shown on page 9 as a basic guide into

consideration reports are necessary in the following cases:

?2.2.1.1已经发生排放：

Actual discharge:

船长必须向沿岸国报告，无论油/有毒液体是由下列何种原因产生的排放

The Master is obliged to report to the nearest Coastal State whenever there is a discharge of oil / NLS resulting

●船舶破损导致

from damage to the ship

●船舶设备的破损导致

from damage to the ship′s equipment

●为保障船舶安全和海上救助人命所致排放

for the purpose of securing the safety of a ship or saving life at sea

●船舶作业时，油类的排放超出公约所允许的数量或瞬间排放率。

during the operation of the Ship in excess of the quantity or instanteneous

rate permitted under the present Convention

2.2.1.2 可能发生排放

Probable Discharge

船长对没有实际排放却可能发生的油类或有毒液体物质排放必须报告

The Master is obliged to report even when no actual discharge of oil or NLS has

occured but there is a probability that one could.

然而，并没有任何对可能排放的准确定义以及何种情况下需要报告，这就需

要船长自己判断这样的可能性并决定是否报告

However, as it is not practible to lay down precise definitions of all types of

situations involving pro-bable discharge of oil/NLS which would warrant an

obligation to report the Master is obliged to judge by himself whether there is such

a probability and whether a report should be made.

因此，推荐至少以下几种情况下报告

Therefore, it is recommended that, at least, the following events

1.影响船舶安全的故障、失灵或受损，例如：碰撞，搁浅，火灾，爆炸，结构

受损，进水，货物移动；和

Damage, failure or breakdown which effect the safety of the ship, such as; collision, grounding, fire, explosion, structural failure, flooding, cargo shifting; and

2.造成航行安全性下降的机器或设备的故障和受损，例如：舵机，推进器，发电

系统，关键的船载导航设备的故障和失灵事故。

Failure or breakdown of machinery or equipment which results in the

impairment to safety navigation; examples of such incidents are failure of breakdown of steering gear, propulsion, electrical generating system, essential ship borne navigational aids.

当因船舶或其设备损坏而有引起排放的可能时，亦应作出报告，在判断是否存在这种可能和是否需作出报告时，应考虑下列因素：

If there is the possibility or probability of an oil discharge resulting from damage to ship or its equipment, a report should also be made. To decide whether there is such a probability and whether the report shall be made, the following factors should be taken into account:

1.船舶，机器或设备故障，失灵或损坏的性质；和

The nature of damage, failure or breakdown of the ship, machinery or equipment. and

2.船位和就近的陆地或其它航行危险物；和

Ship location and proximity to land or other navigational hazards. and

3.天气，潮夕，海流和海况；和

Weather, tide, current and sea condition.

4.交通密度。

Traffic density.

如有不能够确定，船长就应该提交上面提到的报告。

If in doubt, the Master should always make a report in cases aforementioned.

在各种情况下，船长都应该保持和主管当局的通信，报告船舶状态进展以及

何时这种污染的危险结束。

In all cases the Authorities should be kept informed by the Master as how the

situation progress and be advised when all threat of pollution has passed.

2.2.2所需信息资料

Information required

根据MARPOL 73/ 78公约草案I中的第八条款，船长或其他负责主管报告污染细节的人，根据IMO 决议A.851(20),船舶报告机制总则，包括事故报告指南，包含危险货物，有毒有害物质和/或海洋污染。

As required in article 8 and Protocol I of MARPOL 73/ 78 Convention the Master or other persons having charge of the ship should report the particulars of any pollution incident. In this context the International Maritime Organization (IMO), in 1997, adopted Resolution A. 851 (20) "General Principles for Ship Reporting Systems and Ship Reporting Requirements, including Guidelines for Reporting Incidents involving Dangerous Goods, Harmful Substances and/ or Marine Pollutants".

上述决议草案意在沿岸国当局和其他利益相关方对出现的污染或者对海洋环境的威胁能尽快得到通知，并采取相应的救援和援助措施。

The intent of the Resolution aforementioned is to enable Coastal States and other interested parties to be informed, without delay, of any incident giving rise to pollution, or threat of pollution of the marine environment, as well as of assistance and salvage measures, so that appropriate action may be taken.

本章并不解除船长在当时状态下对事故或者可能的排放的正确全面的判断并立刻做出报告

Nothing in this chapter relieves the Master in using sound judgement to make sure that any incident or propable discharge is reported as quick as possible in the prevailing situation.

在发送初始报告给最近的沿岸国当局时，船长或其他负责发送处理的人应该注意 A.851(20)决议。

When transmitting initial reports to the authorities of the nearest Coastal State the Master or other persons dealing with such a transmission should take note of Resolution A. 851 (20).

特别是，在初始报告的格式，和后续追加报告格式要和A.851(20)决议中包含的格式核对确认。无论初始报告还是后续报告，都应该遵照IMO的报告格式，包含以下内容，参照下面的表格。

Especially, the format of the initial report as well as supplementary of follow-up reports should conform with the guidance contained in Res. A. 851 (20). All reporting whether initial or follow-up, should follow IMO′s reporting format as outlined below and should contain the following information:

在本计划的附录I中包含了一份初始通知和详细的初始报告格式表

A sample format for initial notification and a detailed example of an initial report is included within the appendices under App. 1.

后续报告应包含沿岸国当局以及保持和沿岸国当局联络的事故进展情况的信息。

All follow-up reports by the Master should include information relevant to the Coastal State Authorities to keep them informed as the incident develops.

后续报告应包含任何船况的明显改变，和污染物扩散的信息，天气海况和正在进行的清污措施。

Follow-up reports should include information on any significant changes in the ship′s condition, the rate of release and spread of the substances, weather and sea conditions and clean-up activities underway.

由此，燃油和货物的处理，状态以及空仓，性质，所载压载水等信息也要包含其中，以便评估因船损已经或者可能的排放。

In this context details of bunker and cargo disposition, condition of any empty tanks and nature of any ballast carried are information needed by those involved in order to assess the threat posed by an actual or probable discharge from the damaged ship.

2.2.3 向谁联系

Who to contact

船长负责报告任何包含放油/有毒液体物质的已排放或者可能排放。

The Master is responsible for reporting any incident involving an actual or probable discharge of oil or NLS.

参考9页的总流程图，船长应立即报告任何本计划第二节2.2.1.1和2.2.1.2中定义的排放或可能排放事故。（参看附录I）

Taking into consideration the summary flowchart shown on page 5 the Master of the ship involved in any kind of an actual or probable discharge, cases of which are defined under SECTION 2 (sub-paragraph 2.2.1.1 and 2.2.1.2) of this Plan should report details on the incident immediately (see Appendix1)

本章节不解除船长根据当前形势进行全面判断并作出报告。

Nothing in this chapter relieves the Master from using sound judgement to make sure

that any inci-dent is reported as quick as possible in the prevailing situation.

2.2.

3.1沿岸国联系人(在海上)：

Coastal States Contacts (For the ship at sea)：

为了便于尽快响应和降低污染事故带来的危害，沿岸国当局在最快时间内得到通知至关重要。

In order to expedite response and minimize damage from any pollution incident, it is essential that appropriate Coastal States be notified without delay.

因而，使用沿岸国代理或负责机构联系表联系，他们负责接收和处理这些报告（称作中心），这是IMO机构防污染公约第八款中推荐发展而来。

In this context the use of the list of agencies or officials of Administrations responsible for receiving and processing reports (so called "Focal Points") as developed by the Organization (IMO) in conformity with article 8 of the Convention is recommended.

见附录II

Such a list is shown under App. 2.

最新的（中心）联系表可以在IMO网站上找到

An updated list of existing "Focal Points" is available from the Internet pages of IMO under address:

https://www.360docs.net/doc/0e9947900.html, >>> National Contacts >>> MEPC.6/Circ. xx 如果没有这份表格或者所列出的联系中心只有某一个国家，则船长最快捷的方式联系：

In the absence of such a list or listed focal point for a single country/ Coastal State, the Master should contact by the quickest available means

?最近的海岸电台或者，

the nearest coastal radio station or

?指定的船舶动态报告站或者，

the designated ship movement reporting station or

?最近的搜救协调中心

the nearest Rescue Co-Ordination Centre (RCC).

2.2.

3.2 港口当局联系人(在港口)：

Port Contacts

对于在港船，通知本地当局，应急专业团队，或清污公司将加快响应的速度。

不管是正在进行的操作还是其事故的结果，船长都应毫不迟疑地通知本地当局（比如国家响应中心，站/港口当局等）

For the ship in port, notification of local agencies, combatting teams or clean-up companies will speed up response. If any spill occurs during the ship′s stay in port, whether operational or as a result of an incident, the Master should inform the appropriate local agencies (e.g. National Response Center, Terminal/ Port Authorities

etc.) without undue delay.

如果船舶是在两国或码头间定线航行，船长或其他船长委派的上船人员应提供一份相关服务港口的联系地址，定线航行港口的港口当局，主管人，以及负责处理的基站。

If the ship is engaged in a regular service between ports/ terminals the Master or any other person aboard delegated by the Master should provide a list with the relevant Port Contact addresses for each port served regularly of Authorities/ persons and/ or terminals dealing with a spill.

此表格应定期更新

This list should be regularly updated.

港口联络表见附录3

The "Port Contact List" is shown in the App. 3.

如果航行或贸易海区改变，或相关负责人或港口管理部门或码头负责方的地址有改动，则船长或船长委托的人应提交一份新的联络表。

If a change in the ship′s range of trade or a change in the addresses of persons/ Authorities of the ports/ terminals served regularly takes place the Master or any other person aboard delegated by the Master is required to issue a new list.

如果由于船舶的业务不太可能提供这样的联络表，那么船长应在抵港前索要当地港口当局的联络表或寻求指导本地的报告程序。

Where ship′s service make it not feasible to prepare such a list the Master should seek guidance concerning such local Port Contacts and local reporting procedures upon arrival in port.

由此途径获得的联系表应在船上备案并告知船长考虑其有效性且应附加在本计划附录3中

Addresses obtained in this way should be documented aboard in the form that the Master considers most effective and should be attached to the Plan (Appendix 3).

2.2.

3.3船舶重要联系人：

Ship interest contact:

对船舶重要联系人，船长在发生溢漏时的处理，有必要通知船东或者船舶操作人办公室总部，公司的本地代理，和相应的保险保险负责人，清污承包商。

For Ship Interest Contacts it is necessary to have information at the Master′s disposal in case of any spill for informing the home office of the ship′s owner or operator, the local agent of the company, the appropriate P & I Club and correspondents, clean-up contractors etc.

这些信息应该在船舶重要联系人表中提供。

This information should be provided in the form of a so-called "Ship Interest Contact List".

船舶重要联络人表见附录4

The "Ship Interest Contact List" is shown in the Appendix 4.

为避免重复发送报告，本计划和公司计划中规定负责通知船舶各个重要联络人的负责人是

To avoid a duplication of reports and to co-ordinate the Plan and the company′s shoreside plan(s) responsible for informing the various Ship Interested Contacts is 船长Master

船东Owner

船舶操作方Operator

第三节控制排放措施

SECTION III STEPS TO CONTROL DISCHARGE

船员很可能在最佳位置用快捷的行动来缓解或控制油类或者有毒液体物质的溢漏。Ship personell will most probably be in the best position to take quick action to mitigate or control the discharge of oil or noxious liquid substances from their ship.

因此，本计划提供给船长一个清晰的如何在各种不同情况下采取何种措施的指导。Therefore, this Plan provides the Master with clear guidance on how to accomplish this mitigation for a variety of situations.

船长负责在发生排放或可能发生排放油类/有毒液体物质时发起响应。

It is the Master′s responsibility to initiate a response in the event of a discharge of oil/NLS or substantial threat of discharge – actual or probable – into the waters.

不要采取可能威胁人员安全的措施，不论是在海上还是陆地上。

In no case action should be taken that in any way could jeopardize the safety of personell either onboard or ashore.

在发生有毒液体物质泄漏的时候，船长必须参考为NLS准备的MSDS危险品特性资料，要考虑到这种危险物质的泄漏可能产生的其他后果，比如和水，空气，或其他物质接触后可能发生的危险。

In cases of a discharge of noxious liquid substances the Master has to refer to the "Characteristics of Liquid Chemicals Proposed for Marine Transport in Bulk" (Data Sheets) provided onboard for any NLS cargo. Consideration have to be made to any danger resulting from discharge of such substances, i.e. mixing with water, air, other materials/substances.

要特别考虑到，如果有必要在船舶内部转驳，其他货舱及管线材料的相容性。Special consideration is to be taken in case of the necessity to transfer cargo into another compartment onboard the compatability of the material to be transferred and the material of pipes and tanks to be used for such action.

下面列举几种类型的可能发生的操作性溢漏情况及其相应的反应措施。

The following enumeration specifies different kinds of possible operational spills with regard to reactions to be taken.

3.1操作性溢漏

Operational spills

3.1.1 操作性溢漏的防范

Operational Spill Prevention

船员在货物操作和加装燃油过程中保持谨慎值班严防油或NLS溢漏。

Crew members shall maintain a close watch for the escape of oil or NLS during bunker or cargo operations.

在货物操作和燃油操作之前，由胜任的船员调集船上的防污染设备，放置在计划进行操作的位置。例如燃油作业一侧的沿着栏杆的位置。

Prior to bunker or cargo transfer the competent crew members should mobilize the