甘肃省定西市2020年(春秋版)中考生物试卷B卷
甘肃省定西市2020年（春秋版）中考生物试卷B卷
姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________
一、单选题 (共10题；共20分)
1. （2分）(2019·章贡模拟) 下列有关生物学实验的说法，错误的是（）
A . 当显微镜视野很暗时，可选用大光圈
B . 培养真菌的培养基一定要先高温灭菌
C . 利用澄清石灰水可以验证人的呼吸作用能否产生二氧化碳
D . 制作洋葱鱗片叶表皮细胞临时装片时，应在载玻片上先放标本再滴加清水
2. （2分） (2016九上·宁津期中) 在同一株植物上分别于早晨、傍晚和深夜，在同一部位摘取相同的三片叶子，用打孔器取同样大小的圆片，进行脱色后，用碘处理，结果是（）
A . 早晨摘取的蓝色最深
B . 傍晚摘取的蓝色最深
C . 深夜摘取的蓝色最深
D . 一样深
3. （2分）(2019·随县模拟) 2018年10月20日襄阳市举办了国际马拉松比赛，比赛中运动员体内多种生理过程发生了变化。下列叙述错误的是（）
A . 冲刺时，运动员呼吸的频率和深度都会增加
B . 运动中，通过呼吸系统吸入的大量氧气要经过心脏两次才能到达肌肉细胞
C . 运动员听到发令枪开始起跑，控制这一反射类型的神经中枢位于大脑皮层
D . 比赛中，运动员需要不断补充水分，消化道中能吸收水分的结构有胃、小肠、大肠
4. （2分）(2017·益阳) 如果眼前出现强光，马上会眨眼．下列反射与此不相同的是（）
A . 膝跳反射
B . 缩手反射
C . 婴儿尿床
D . 望梅止渴
5. （2分） (2019八上·江海期末) 在做饲养和观察蚯蚓实验时，下列说法错误的是（）
A . 用手触摸蚯蚓体壁感觉体表有黏液
B . 蚯蚓在玻璃板上的运动比在糙纸上的运动快
C . 实验时要保持蚯蚓体表湿润
D . 做完实验后要把蚯蚓放回大自然中
6. （2分）在贫瘠的土地上，小麦生长不好而大豆却生长较好，这是由于（）
A . 大豆能进行光合作用
B . 大豆的细胞核里有DNA
C . 大豆根部共生有根瘤菌
D . 大豆的呼吸不消耗有机物
7. （2分）(2017·庆云模拟) 如图是与遗传有关的概念简图，下列有关说法正确的是（）
A . ①②③分别为细胞核、基因、性状
B . 由隐性基因控制的性状在子代中不能表现出来
C . 孩子长得像父亲的地方多是因为体细胞中来自父亲的基因多
D . 若①中的染色体为X，则细胞分裂时染色体数目的变化为X→X→X
8. （2分）(2018·荣昌模拟) 下列关于自然选择与人工选择的主要区别中不正确的是（）
A . 人工选择的结果是促进生物进化
B . 人工选择速度较快
C . 自然选择进行十分缓慢
D . 自然选择是各种环境起作用
9. （2分）(2016·东营) 在一位健康女性体内，一个卵细胞、一个成熟红细胞、一个白细胞、一个口腔上皮细胞，这四个细胞中共含有几条X染色体（）
A . 4条
B . 5条
C . 7条
D . 8条
10. （2分） (2018八下·三台期中) 地球是人类唯一家园，保护环境，我国应尽“大国责任”。下列决策不合理的是（）
A . 完善生态文明制度体系
B . 认真落实“节能减排”决定
C . 打造“绿色丝路经济带”
D . 将污染较重的企业迁到国外
二、综合题 (共3题；共10分)
11. （3分）(2017·通辽) 生物界中有许多奇妙的现象值得我们去探索，某社团同学对多种生物生殖和发育的有关知识进行了探索，请回答下列问题．
（1）
图甲中的M表示的发育过程称为________，青蛙的幼体用________呼吸，所以只能生活在水中．
（2）
图乙中，若D表示受精卵，请写出蝗虫一生的发育过程：________（用字母和箭头表示）．
（3）
图丙所示的鸟卵的结构中，进行胚胎发育的部位是[________]________（[]内填图中代码，横线填名称）．（4）
图丁中，胎儿发育的场所是________（填文字），胎儿与母体交换物质的器官是________（填数字）．
12. （4分） (2020八下·百色月考) 某兴趣小组的同学对女性甲及其家庭成员某常染色体控制的遗传病情况进行调查，结果如表，请根据表中的信息和所学知识回答问题：
家庭成员祖父祖母外祖父外祖母父亲母亲哥哥女性甲
患病情况正常正常正常正常正常患者正常患者（1）人类的遗传病通常是由致病基因引起的，致病基因有显性和隐性之分，分析表中的信息可知，该致病基因是________的，你判断的依据是________。
（2）若用A和a分别表示控制该性状的基因，A对a是显性的，则其哥哥的基因组成是________，外祖母的基因组成是________。可见，一个家族中曾经有过某隐性遗传病，其后代携带该致病基因的可能性会________。如果有血缘关系的后代之间再婚配生育，后代中该遗传病出现的机会就会增加，因此，我国婚姻法规定：________。
（3）母亲患病，哥哥正常，这种现象在遗传学上称为________，若父亲和母亲再生一个孩子，患该遗传病的几率是________。
13. （3分） (2017七下·阜阳期末) 法国科学家巴斯德在研究家畜的炭疽病时，利用绵羊进行了一项著名的实验，实验的方法和过程如下：
请分析回答：
（1）
甲组绵羊第二次注射后没有发病，是因为________．
（2）
乙组的绵羊在实验中的作用是________．
（3）
为防治炭疽病在人群中流行，美国卫生部门加强了对邮件等物品的检疫，从预防传染病的角度分析，采取这一措施属于________．
参考答案一、单选题 (共10题；共20分)
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8-1、
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10-1、
二、综合题 (共3题；共10分)
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12-1、
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12-3、13-1、13-2、13-3、
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湖南省娄底市中考英语试卷
A. B. C. A. B. C. A. B. C. A. B. C. A. B. C. -------------在 --------------------此 --------------------卷 ---------- 上答题毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________
-------------在 --------------------此 --------------------卷 --------------------上 --------------------答 --------------------题 --------------------无 --------------------效 ----------------毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________ 考生号________________ ________________ ___________
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