英语教学法主要知识点
What makes a good qualified english teacher?
A plan of given material.
1 CLT :Communicative Language Teaching
2 TBLT:Task-based Language Teaching
3 PPP:Presentation,Practice and Production. 3P教学法
4 Macro Planning 宏观计划
It plans over a longer period of time，for instance, planning for a whole programme or a whole-year course.
5
6 Micro planning 微观计划
It plans for a specific unit or a lesson, which usually lasts from one to two weeks or forty to fifty minutes respectively.
7 The guided discovery method 指导发现法
It is similar to the inductive method in that the students are induced to discover rules by themselves but different in that the process of the discovery is carefully guided and assisted by the teacher and the rules are then elicited and taught explicitly.
8 Implicit knowledge
It refers to knowledge that unconsciously exists in our mind,which we can make use of automatically without making any effort.
9 Explicit Knowledge
It refers to our conscious knowledge about the language.
10 Bottom-up model 自上而下/文本驱动模式
The way teaches reading always reflects the way one understands reading and the reading process.
11 Top-down model 图示驱动模式
One's background knowledge plays a more important role than new words and new structures in reading comprehension.
12 Interactive model 交互模式
The current theory views reading as an interactive process. That is to say,the brain receives visual information and at the same time, interprets or reconstructs the meaning the writer had in mind when he wrote the text.
13 Assessment
It involves the collecting of information or evidence of a leaner's learning progress and achievement over a period of time for the purposes of improving teaching and learning.
14 Sight Vocabulary 即识词汇
Words that one is able to recognise immediately are often referred to as sight vocabulary.In other words, your sight vocabulary will be those words that you can recognise with both sounds and meanings without special effort from your brain.
15 Information Gap信息沟
16 Portfolio学习文件夹成长记录袋
It is a purposeful collection of materials assembled over a period of time by a learner to provide evidence of skills,abilities and attitudes related to their study.
17 Mechanical Practice
It involves activities that are aimed at form accuracy.
18 Meaningful Practice
It focus on the production,comprehension or exchange of meaning though the students ' keep an eye on ' the way newly learned structures are used in the process.
19 Criterion-referenced assessment
Criterion-referenced language assessment is based on a fixed standard or a set criterion.
20 Norm-referenced assessment
It is designed to measure how the performance of a particular student or group of students compares with the performance of another students or group of students whose scores are given as the norm.
21 On -the-use evaluation
It means the evaluation which is carried out independent of its users or before it gets into the classroom.
22 In-the-use evaluation
For in-the-use evaluation,evaluation is done based on the user's opinions about how useful and effective it is for promoting learning.
1 What is the communicative competence?
It includes both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situations.
2 Principles of CLT
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f13785165.html,municative principle:Actives that involve real communication promote learning.
B.Task principle:Activities in which language is used for carrying out meaningful tasks promote learning.
C. Meaningfulness principle: language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process.
3 The 6 orientation for evaluating the communicative classroom acting.
A. Communicative purpose:The activity must involve the students in performing a real communicative purpose rather than just practising language for its own sake. 目的
B. Communicative desire:The activity must create a desire to communicate in the students. 交际欲望
C. Content,not form:When the students are doing the activity, they must be concentrating on what they are saying,not how they say it.有内容，不是考虑形式
D. Variety of language: The activity must involve the students in using a variety of language,not just one specific language form.
E. No teacher intervention:The activity must be designed to be done by the students working by themselves rather than with the teacher.干涉
F. No materials control: The activity should not be designed to control what language the students should use.
4 Four components of the task
A. A purpose: making sure the students have a reason for undertaking the task
B. A contact: this can be real,simulated or imaginary,and involves sociolinguistic issues such as the location, the participants and their relationship,the time,and other important factors
C. A process:getting the students to use learning strategies such as problem solving reasoning,inquiring, conceptualising and communicating.
D. A product: there will be some form of outcome, either visible or invisible.
5 Principles for good lesson planning
A. Aim. It means the realistic goals for the lesson.
B. Variety. It means planning a number of different types of activities and where possible,introducing students to a wide selection of materials so that learning is always interesting,motivating and never monotonous for the students.
C. Flexibility. It means preparing some extra and alternative tasks and activities so that teachers have the options to cope with the unexpected situations rather than being the slaves of written plans or one methodology.
D. Learnability. It means the contents and tasks planned for the lesson should be within the learning capability of the students.
E. Linkage. It means the stages and steps within each stage are planned in such a way that they are someway linked with one another.
6 Measures for indisciplined acts
A. Act immediately. If possible, indisciplined acts should be immediately stopped so that less damage is made.
B. Stop the class. If the indiscipline hinder the progress of the whole class, the teacher should stop the class and make it clear what is wrong.
C. Rearrange the seats. If students are moved to the front of the class they will behave better.
D. Change the activity.
E. Talk to students after class. If a student is continually making trouble, the teacher should talk to that student after class.
F. Create a code of behaviour. It means the teacher and students can work together to create some basic rules for the class during activities.
7 How to deal with errors
A. Make a distinction between an error and a mistake. A mistake refers to a performance error that is either a random guess or a ' slip of tongue ', and it is a failure performance to a known system. An error has direct relation with the learners' language competence.
B. Dealing with spoken errors
C. Choose proper time to correct
D. How to correct. Avoid damaging students' self esteem and confidence.
8 Goal of teaching pronunciation
A. Consistency:the pronunciation should be smooth and natural.
B. Intelligibility:the pronunciation should be understandable to the listeners.
C. Communicative efficiency:the pronunciation should help convey the meaning that is intended by the speaker.
9 What does it mean to know a word.
A. It means knowing its pronunciation and stress
B. Knowing its spelling grammatical properties
C. Knowing its meaning
D. Knowing how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.
10 Ways of presenting vocabulary
A. Try to provide visual or physical demonstration whenever possible, using pictures, photos, video clips, mime or gestures to show meaning.
B. Provide a verbal context to demonstrate meaning.
C. Use synonyms or antonyms to explain meanings.
D. Use lexical sets or hyponyms to show relations of words and their meanings.
E. Translate and exemplify,especially with technical words or words with abstracts meaning.
F. Use word formation rules and common affixes to build new lexical knowledge on what is already known.
G. Teach vocabulary in chunks.
H. Think about the context in real life where the word might be used.
I. Think about providing different context for introducing new words.
J. Prepare for possible misunderstanding or confusion that students may have.
11 Principles for teaching speaking
A. Balancing accuracy-based with fluency-based practices.
B. Contextualising practice
C. Personalising practice
D. Building up confidence
E. Maximising meaningful interactions
F. Helping students develop speaking strategies
G. Making the best use of classroom learning environment to provide sufficient language input and practice for the students
12 The main procedures of process writing
A. Creating a motivation to write
B. Brainstorming,
C. Mapping
D. Freewriting
E. Outlining
F. Drafting
G.editing
H. Revising
I. Proofreading
J.conferencing
13 Methods for assessment
A. Summative and formative assessment
B. Teacher's observations
C. Continuous assessment
D. Self-assessment and peer assessment
E. Project work学习日志
F. Portfolios学习文件夹成长记录袋
14 intelligence
英语教学法教程教案(王蔷)
英语教学法教程教案 A Course in English Language Teaching 主讲：姚向礼 教材：《英语教学法教程》 主编：王蔷 出版社：高等教育出版社 绪论外语教学法主要流派 Teaching approaches & Methods Approaches & methods of Language Teaching 众说纷纭，现以学习理论作为分类标准，将学派分为认知性的，连接性的和综合性的三大类。并简介翻译教学法，自然教学法，直接教学法，认知教学法，功能教学法，在这之前首先概述一下拉丁语教学法、。 ①拉丁语教学法，指（15-16世纪）为欧洲语言的极盛时期，学校里教授作为外语之拉丁语的直觉模仿法。它在（15——16世纪）为语法模仿法：16世纪末到17世
纪，由于民族语渗入学校，拉丁语教学法主要为词汇模仿法。先后提出了自觉性原则和直观性原则。这一时期的两大代表人物①惜提哈（ratch1571-163500））②夸美纽斯教学法Conienius(1592_1670) ①德国论点是通过经验与分析去学习一切。认为只从理论途径得到的记忆才是可 靠的。词汇翻译法，自觉对比法，认真教学法。 二、联结性的教学法学派 特点：经验主义的哲学观点；重视外语话语与实物，观念，概念等外部世界与思维的直接联系；侧重口头操练。 自然教学法（绝对排斥本族语的教学法） 直接教学法（自然教学法发展起来的）（一种习惯） 听说教学法 视听教学法 功能教学法（又名意念法，交际法或意念——功能—交际法 三、综合性的教学法学派，来源于直接法与翻译的综合 自觉实践法 折衷法（又是极端） 分阶段教学法 一、语法翻译法(Translation Method) The grammar translation Method(Reading Method ,classical Method ).In China, it is called old method and is probably the most widely known and has been the most widely used of all approaches to language teaching .Although there have been many developments in language teaching, especially in the teaching foreign language ,grammar-translation method in still used today in various forms .And the main drill in translation. The mains features are as the followings. 1.Classes are taught in the mother tongue,with little active use of the target lauguage. 2.Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isofated words. 3.Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. 4.Little attention explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. 5.Often the only drills are exercises in translation disconnecfecl sentences from the target language into the mother tongue. 6.little or no attention is given to pronunciation. 希腊文、拉丁文、通过翻译来学习外语。 认为背诵文法规则是学习外语的捷径，使用的课本，开始是孤立的单词和孤立的语法例句，都是从希腊文和拉丁文的名著里摘引出来的。 Advontedges： 1.在外语教学里创建了翻译的教学形式； 2.在外语教学里利用文法、利用学生的理解力，以提高外语教学的效果； 3.着重阅读，着重学习原文或原文文学名著； 4.使用方便。只要教师掌握了外语的基本知识，就可以拿着外语课本教外语，不需要什么教具和设备。 Disadvanfudges： 1.忽视口语教学。在教学里没有抓住语言的本质； 2.忽视语音和语调的教学； 3.过分强调翻译，单纯通过翻译手段教外语，不利于培养学生用外语进行交际的能力，易使学生在使用外语时对翻译有依赖性；
英语教学法模拟试题及答案
《英语教学法》模拟试题1及答案 1. Which of the following is true of second language learning A. Natural language exposure. B. Informal learning context. C. Structured input. D. Little error correction. 2. What type of learners can benefit most from real object instruction A. Individual learners. { [5. Tactile learners. C. Auditory learners. D. Visual learners. 3. What type of intelligence is cooperative learning best suited for A. Interpersonal intelligence. B. Intrapersonal intelligence. C. Logical intelligence. D. Linguistic intelligence. ? 4. What does the following practise * Peer and I v. vent to the cinema yesterday. Peter and * I went to the cinema yesterday. Peer and I zoent to the * cinema yesterday. Peer and I zoent to the cinema * yesterday. A. Stress. B. Articulation. C. Liaison. 》 D. Intonation. 5. What learning strategy can the following help to train Match the adjectives on the left with the nouns on the right. H cavy Day Nice Baby Close Building Light Rain Tall Friend $ Cute Smoker
英语教学法主要流派
英语教学法主要流派 常见术语：Method, Approach, Design, Procedure, Technique 一、语法翻译法 1、语法翻译法是一种通过学习语法规则和词汇，并且按照规则用本国语和目的语进行互译来教授语言的方法。 2、教学过程 阅读/朗读——句子翻译——讲解语法/语言点——书面回答——理解性问题 3、原则和技巧 原则：（1）书面语重要，重视写作和阅读 （2）熟记语法规则和单词 （3）教师的绝对权威 （4）本族语的中介作用 技巧：（1）书面翻译/互译 （2）阅读理解性问答 （3）演绎法讲解语法规则 （4）填空、背诵、造句、作文等 4、评价： （1）使用方便 （2）学习语言知识多于语言技能掌握 （3）改良式的语法翻译法：弥补口语的听说训练、重视交际能力的培养、重视调动学生学习的主动性。 二、直接法 1、直接法是一种通过实物、图画、动作、表情等手段把外语和其对应的意思直接联系，从而达到直接理解和直接应用的外语教学法。 2、教学步骤 用目的语讲解——提问——回答 用归纳法教语法：例子——总结规则——巩固性练习——听写练习 3、原则与技巧 原则：（1）先听说后书面语言 （2）通过有意义的上下文来学习单词和句子 （3）禁止使用本族语翻译 （4）自我更正来促进语言学习 技巧：大声朗读、问答练习、自我更正、会话、填空、听写段落、画图讲解、实物演示等。 4、评价：（1）强调语言实践和运用，有利于听说 （2）学习用外语思考，重视语言的交际作用 （3）排斥本国语，有时花费很长的时间来解释，或者解释不清楚 （4）对教师口语、教学技能要求高 三、听说法 1、听说法是一种运用句型操练形式学习外语的方法。其理论基础为结构主义语言学和行为主义心理学。 2、教学步骤 听外语对话——模仿——纠正语音语调——逐句背诵——对话练习——看书面材料——语法点归纳——替换/回答练习 3、原则与技巧
英语教学法的8大流派归纳图
语法翻译法直接法（19世 纪末40年代） 情景法（50年 代） 听说法（第二 次世界大战期 间） 认知法 交际法（功能 法20实际70 年代初期） 全身反应法 （詹姆斯.阿 谢尔70年代） 任务型语言教 学模式（7、80 年代） 目标语（外语）看成 是一个规则系统语言学习被视为智力活动（规则学习、规则记忆和以大量翻译方式与母语意义相联系的操作）口语第一性，学生 应学习日常使用的 目标语。语言学习 过程可用联想心理 学解释 口语是基础，结构 是说话的核心。学 习语言的过程：接 受语言输入，重复 操练记住和在实际 练习中使之变为个 人技能 语言是一个系统。 听说法以结构主义 作其理论基础，以 行为主义的学习理 论作其依据。语言 技能获得过程：刺 激-反应-强化 语言不是一套习惯 的结构，而是一套 受规则支配的体 系。四个原则：1、 活的语言是受规则 支配的创造性活 动；2、语法规则有 其心理的现实性； 3、人类所特有的学 习语言机制；4、活 的语言是思维工具 在语言教学中，学 习者不但要学会 结构，更重要的是 要学会使用结构， 掌握语言功能。特 点强调交际中意 义的传递、语言的 使用 阿谢尔把刺激-反 应看做语言教学方 法的学习理论。我 们认为全身反应法 体现了以语法为基 础的语言观和行为 主义语言学习观 以多种语言模式作 其语言理论，语言学 习观与交际法一样。 阅读文学作品的能力使用外语进行交际听说读写的能力使用外语进行交际实际全面运用外语 培养学生外语的 交际能力 掌握初步听说能力 使用外语交际和做 事能 把课文逐句把外文翻译成母语的活动。首先，教师会用母语把文章的作者和写作背景做一个简单的介绍；其次，课文进行逐句翻译。教师会先朗读句子，然后用母语解释词、短语和句子的意义。逐句翻译和语法讲解是教学活动的中心。课堂活动除了课文朗诵和学生用英语来进行翻译外，绝大部分是在用母语教学。阅读理解练习多半以多项选择的形式出现。主张在外语教学中 外语词语应该同它 所代表的事物和意 义直接联系起来。 特点:1、全外语教 学。并广泛使用实 物、图画、手势、 表情等直观手段对 外语的词义和句子 作解释；2、模仿、 朗读和问答是主要 的教学活动形式； 3、教师要求学生在 提问或对教师的问 题作答时，均以完 整的句子说出问句 或答句。句子被视 为口头交际的基本 单位。 新概念英语的教学 活动可以概括为： 提出情景，学习语 言：听说领先，反 复操练：书面联系， 巩固结构。 教授活动可以归纳 为：教授对话，听 说领先：跟读模仿， 句句复述；强化训 练，掌握句型；巩 固口头，读写跟上。 教师可以通过不同 的方式进行表演。 句型操练可以说是 听说法很有特色的 一个训练项目。特 可以是替换句型， 也可以是句型转换 型。听说训练完成 后，教师才让学生 拿到或看到所学对 话的书面形式。 教学过程被分为三 个阶段：及语言理 解、语言能力和语 言运用。语言规则 的教授可采用发现 法，引导学生发现 和总结出语法规 则。语言能力，必 须在理解语法规律 的基础上，通过有 意识、有组织、有 意义的操练来获 得。 科特尔伍德在 1981年出版的《交 际法》一书中描述 了交集法教学活 动的类型。准交际 活动是为真是交 际做准备而设计 的教学活动，可以 是句型操练、对话 等项目。真正的交 际活动应有的三 大特点：信息沟、 选择性和消息的 反馈。交际法另一 特点是教师会尽 量使用真实的材 料近进行教学。 主要教学活动是教 师发命令和学生对 命令作出反应。口 头操练结束，学生 们可以学习阅读和 书写。当然，阅读 和书写都是口头练 习过的祈使句。 教学中都包含两种 活动类型：任务型语 言学习活动活动。强 任务派的任务型活 动是真实交际活动 和结构性交际活动， 其他语言学习活动 或称使能性任务都 不能算任务型活动； 而弱任务派任务则 包括所有的交际活 动。 重视词汇和语法的 学习，强调阅读和写作培养学生口头交际强调口语第一性 口语第一性，文字 第二性。强调听说 听说读写齐头并进 听说读写从头就 练 侧重听说，强调对 语法结构和词汇的 掌握 培养交际能力
英语教学法教程试题库 辅修
英语教学法教程试题库 Unit 1 Part I Read the following statements or questions and choose the best answer for each statement or question. 1. Much of human behavior is influenced by their_____ _____ A. experiences B. wisdom C. knowledge D. parents 2. What is the basis for syllabus design, teaching methodology, teaching and assessment procedures in the classroom? A. teaching attitude B. definitions of language C. structural view of language D. functional view 3. What does the structural view of language see language? A. a system of categories based on the communicative needs of the learner B. a communicative tool to build up and maintain social relations between people C. a linguistic system made up of various subsystems D. a linguistic system and a means for doing things 4. What does the functional view of language see language? A. a system of categories based on the communicative needs of the learner B. a communicative tool to build up and maintain social relations between people C. a linguistic system made up of various subsystems D. a linguistic system and a means for doing things 5. What does the interactional view of language see language? A. a system of categories based on the communicative needs of the learner B. a communicative tool to build up and maintain social relations between people C. a linguistic system made up of various subsystems D. a linguistic system and a means for doing things 6. Which of the following teaching method is based on the behaviorist theory? B A. Grammar translation B. Audio-lingual C. Task-based teaching and learning D. Communicative teaching 7.What are the characteristics of audio-lingual method? https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f13785165.html,nguage is learned by constant repetition and the the reinforcement of the teacher B.Mistakes were immediately corrected, and correct utterances were immediately praised. C.Students should be allowed to create their own sentences based on their understanding of certain rules. D.Both A and B. 8.Which three groups can summarize all the elements of the qualities of a good teacher? A.Ethic devotion, professional qualities and personal styles B. Ethic devotion, professional qualities and individual freedom C. Individual freedom, professional qualities and personal styles D. Ethic devotion, personal styles and individual freedom 9.What are the purposeful preparation that a language teacher normally receives before he starts the practice of teaching? A.Learning from other’s experiences B.Learning the received knowledge C.Learning from one’s own experiences as a teacher
初中英语教学方法总结
初中英语教学方法总结 每一个英语初学者总希望别人告诉他学好英语的窍门或捷径，通过近几年的英语教学，我认为在英语学习上无捷径可走，但有方法可寻。科学的方法，可以使我们的英语学习达到事半功倍的效果。 一、“兴趣”是学好英语的前提 兴趣是最好的老师，它能唤起学生的好奇心和迫切的求知欲。古人说：“知之者，不如好之者；好之者，不如乐之者”。兴趣爱好比智力技能更能促进学生勤奋学习，它是学好英语的首要条件。因为只有love what you do，才会get what you love。人往往一旦爱上某件事，即使不让他去做，他也非去做不可，兴趣就是在这一次次实践中产生和发展起来，而且变得越来越浓。 如何在英语教学中，培养和发展学生的兴趣呢？我认为： 首先，作为一个老师，要热爱自己所从事的事业，要热爱自己的学生，要把自己对英语、对人生、对生活的深沉的爱和理解传授给学生，要把自己最真实、最美丽、最张扬、最健康、最阳光而最富有独特激情的东西展现给学生，感染学生，让其产生共鸣，从而激起他们内心深处对语言、对生活的热爱和激情，从而转化为学习动力。 其次，运用灵活多变的教学手段，将教材所设置的情景生动形象的表现出来，利用投影仪、录音机、简笔画、实物、模型、动作、表情、小表演等多种直观手段，化静为动，化无声为有声，化难为易，调动学生多种感官，将其引入特定的情境，在具有游戏性、趣味性、故事性、探索性、竞争性等各种活动中获得乐趣，增长知识。
最后，让学生体验成功是教师进行兴趣培养的重要策略。心理学者告诉我们，一个人只要体验一次成功的喜悦，便会激起无休止的追求意念和力量。教师要充分利用学生的成功愿望，在课堂教学中争取让每个学生都能得到成功的体验，使每个学生在不断获得成功的过程中，产生快感，获得更大成功的愿望。 二、“模仿”是学好英语的基础 说到模仿我们一般想到的是发音，确实纯正的发音会给人留下美好深刻的印象，别人也会对你的英语水平刮目相看。如果发音不好，即使你以后的英语功底很深，人家也可能对你作出不公正的判断，更糟的是，它对今后的听力会带来一定的困难。所以，要不惜一切代价刻苦模仿，掌握好每一个音素，千万不要认为发音好不好无所谓，这个关攻不下，就会导致你学习中的残缺。有位成功人士谈他学英语的秘诀时说，“我没有什么特别之处，外国人怎么说，我就怎么说，外国人怎么写，我就怎么写。”世界闻名的英语专家亚力山大为英语学习也下了这样的定义，“语言是一种表演技巧，我们在思考语言的时候，不是考虑我们对它了解多少，而是我们能把它表演得多好，我们能把它用得多好”。说到底，学英语就是模仿那种腔，那种调，那种味儿。 要突破语音关，先要明白单个音素的发音方法，在此基础上把握连读、弱读等在口语表达时的语音现象，进而练习语调和节奏，练习时最好模仿原声录音，有条件的还应录下自己发音，与原声进行对比，这样容易发现自己的不足。纠正发音是一个枯燥的过程，但唯有耐心、
王蔷主编的《英语教学法教程》第二版-unit1
Unit 1 Language and Language Learning Aims of the unit In this unit we will discuss some general matters about language learning and teaching. We are going to discuss five questions on particular: 1.How do we learn language 2.What are the common views on language 3.What are the common views on language learning 4.What are the qualities of a good language teacher 5.How can one become a good language teacher 1.1How do we learn languages Mach of human behavior is influenced by their experiences. The way language teachers teach in the classroom is to some extent influenced by the way they learned languages. This is especially true in foreign language teaching. Before we discuss language learning theories, let us first reflect on our own language learning experience. Task 1 Below is a list of interview questions on how people learn a foreign language. In the first column, write down your own responses. Then interview three other students in your class and enter their responses in the other columns. Discuss your findings in group of 4 and draw some conclusion.
英语教学法教程-王蔷主编
总目标是使学生在义务教育阶段英语学习的基础上，进一步明确英语学习的目的，发展自主学习和合作学习的能力；形成有效的英语学习策略；培养学生的综合语言运用能力。综合语言运用能力的形成建立在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整合发展的基础上。语言技能和语言知识是综合语言运用能力基础。情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素。学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的先决条件。文化意识则是得体运用语言的保障，这五个方面共同促进综合语言运用能力的形成。 Principles of communicative language teaching（CLT） Communication principle：activities that involve real communication promote learning Task principle：activities in which language is used for carrying out meaningful taskspromote learning Meaningfulness principle: language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process Listening and speaking skills need to be refined in terms of the real communicative use，Students should have the chance to listen to and produce what is meaningful, authentic, unpredictable, and creative if possible. Reading is extract meaning or information and the learning of grammar and vocabulary is to facilitate the process Writing：In CLT, students have the chance to write to express their own feelings or describe their own experiences, thus making the practice of writing meaningful and authenticLanguage content (to incorporate functions); CLT just has only expanded the areas Learning process (cognitive style and information processing); and Product (language skills). Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) Task-based Language teaching is, in fact, a further development of Communicative Language Teaching. It shares the same beliefs, as language should be learned as close as possible to how it is used in real life. It has stressed the importance to combine for m-focused teaching with communication-focused teaching Four components of a task A purpose: making sure the students have a reason for undertaking the task. If the students don't understand why they undertake the task, they will lost interest and the task will face failure. A context: the task can be real, simulated or imaginary, and involves sociolinguistic issues, such as the location, the participants and their relationships, the time and other important factors. A process: getting the students to use learning strategies such as problem solving reasoning, inquiring, conceptualizing and communicating. A product: there will be some form of outcome, either visible (a written plan, a play, a letter. etc.) or invisible (enjoying a story, learning about another country, etc.） The PPP Model & The 5-step teaching method 3p：Step I. Presentation Step II. Practice Step III. Production 5-step Model：Step I. Revision Step II. Presentation Step II. Presentation Step IV. Practice Step V. Consolidation Differences between PPP and TBL：1.The way students use and experience language in TBL is radically different from PPP 2.TBL can provide acontent for grammar teaching and form-focused activities.PPP is different in this aspect. Steps of designing a tasks：
英语教学法试题一及答案
《英语教学法》模拟试题1及答案 Achievement Test for "Teaching English in the Primary School"3 I. Choose the best answer (30 %) Directions: In this part, you are given fifteen queslions which are followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the choices carefully and choose the one which can best answer the question. (30 points, 2 points each) 1. Which of the following is true of second language learning? A. Natural language exposure. B. Informal learning context. C. Structured input. D. Little error correction. 2. What type of learners can benefit most from real object instruction? A. Individual learners. [5. Tactile learners. C. Auditory learners. D. Visual learners. 3. What type of intelligence is cooperative learning best suited for? A. Interpersonal intelligence. B. Intrapersonal intelligence. C. Logical intelligence. D. Linguistic intelligence. 4. What does the following practise? * Peer and I v. vent to the cinema yesterday. Peter and * I went to the cinema yesterday. Peer and I zoent to the * cinema yesterday. Peer and I zoent to the cinema * yesterday. A. Stress. B. Articulation. C. Liaison. D. Intonation. 5. What learning strategy can the following help to train? Match the adjectives on the left with the nouns on the right. H cavy Day Nice Baby Close Building Light Rain Tall Friend Cute Smoker A. Grouping. B. Collocation. C. Imitation.
自考英语教学法知识点总结
自考英语教学法知识点总结
自考英语教学法知识点总结： 中学英语教学指导思想：是对中学英语教学的总体科学认识，包括对教学目的，教学路子的认识以及科学观，学习观，教学观等。 智力因素主要包括：思维力，记忆力，想象力，观察力，注意力等。非智力因素包括：动机，兴趣，情感，意志，性格等。 语言是指语言系统，也就是语音，词汇，语法系统。 言语是指人们使用语言所进行的表示和理解的话语活动，也就是说听，说，读，写活动。 教学路子指的是达到教学目的基本途径或总路线，包括成体系的教学法。 语感是指学习者对语言信息的敏锐感知和理解，是自动化的意识活动。教学基本原则是教学指导思想的组成部分，是指导思想的具体化，条理化，在中学英语教学法科学体系中占有重要的地位。 语法是对语言的一般描述，主要是对其组织原则的理论描述, ______学，句法学，词汇学，语义学。 “双规”化简就是运用语音规则，把大量的表面看起来相当复杂的词的读音和拼写化繁为简，化难为易。 句型也叫句式，是从口语和书面语的无数实际句子中概括出来的句子模型或模式，句型是有代表性的，常见性的。 分析性听：是指在听的活动中有明显的语言分析，另外是指把听的材料分析为各个语言层次，让学生分步听，进行听的基本功训练。 综合性听：是指在听的活动中无明显的语言分析而直接达到对内容的理解，也指在听力基本功训练基础上所进行的整篇成文的听的练习。 话语结构就是说话的套路，说的各句子之间的联系规律。
泛读就是广泛地阅读，大量地阅读，快速地阅读。 默读泛指一切不出声地读，默读既包括不出声地“声读”，也包括直接理解文字地“视读”。 实行纵式阅读：真正的默读一般都是快速阅读，在阅读过程中，人的目光主要表现为上下移动，因而阅读有慢速的横向或横式转变为纵向或纵式。 写的含义：在教学中写有两个方面的含义，一是书写或书法，包括字母，单词，句子，标点符号，国际音标的正确写法；二是写作，即笔头表示，如作文，写信，写日记等。 心理控制法：即惊异，悬念，满足。 密度：指单位时间所授教学内容。 广度：这包括两个方面，一是学生的活动面要广，二是教学内容所涉及的面要广。 深度：就是课堂教学内容要有一定的难度。 灵活度：指在练习中学生所表现的理解的多层次程度和表示的多样化程度。 独立度：指教师指导的程度和学生独立的程度。 测试：主要是用来了解，检查和鉴定学习者掌握英语的实际水平的一种手段。 资质倾向测试：是指对学习者的天赋的测定，目的在于了解被测者今后学习外语时是否具有些较强的潜在的学习能力。 诊断测试：目的在于了解被测者在外语学习上的困难或缺陷或发现讲授上的薄弱环节，以便采取相应的补救措施。 综合性测试：目的在于测定被测者的语言知识和言语技能综合运用的能
外语教学法流派介绍和简评
外语教学法流派介绍和简评 [日期：2007 来源：作者：[字体：大中小] -03-28] 外语教学是一个复杂的过程，影响它的因素比较多。由于外语教学是学校教育的组成部分，它必然与其他学科的教学一样，受到教育学、心理学和教育领域一般教学论的影响。然而，外语是一门语言学科，外语教学法的主要理论基础是语言学。自语言学成为一门独立学科后，每一主要流派都有体现它基本理论的相应的外语教学法。但是，外语教学并不完全依附语言学，它具有相对的独立性。有的外语教学法（如直接法）并无相对应的语言学流派作为理论基础。因此，不能机械地将语言学流派与外语教学法看成一对一的关系。 第一节传统外语教学法流派及其教学原则与方法据历史记载，最早谈论外语教学方法的是欧洲教育家马科斯.昆体良（Marcus Fabins Quintilian A.D.35—95）。他出生于西班牙，后去罗马教授希腊语。他的教学由四个步骤组成：朗读伊索寓言；写下该故事；口头讲述某段故事；写一篇短文。据说这一方法流传很长一段时间。然而，16世纪前外语教师的工作大部分仅为词汇和句子的讲解而已。直到19世纪初，有关外语教学的方法尚未形成系统的观点和理论。 外语教学法理论是在19世纪历史比较语言学的基础上形成的。在长达一个世纪的历史中，它经历了两个阶段：20世纪60年代前以语法翻译法（the grammar-translation method）、直接法（the direct method）和听说法（the audiolingual approach）为代表，一般称它们为传统的外语教学法；60年代后，认知法（the cognitive approach）和交际法（the communicative approach）的崛起促使一系列新型教学法脱颖而出，它们又可分为70年代诞生与80年代后期发展的两大教学方法。 但是，任何新教学法的兴起并不意味着旧方法的消亡。无论是传统的还是新兴的外语教学法都是在一定的历史条件下产生的，都各有长处和局限性。重要的是，我们应该学习和掌握各种不同的教学方法的特点，根据具体的教学要求，自觉地、灵活地运用他们为不同的教学目标与对象服务。 一、语法翻译法（the grammar-translation method） 语法翻译法是外语教学中历史最长与使用最广泛的方法之一。无论在我国或国外，早期的外语教学都普遍采用语法翻译法。18世纪末，欧洲的拉丁语和希腊语的教学方法大多为语法翻译法。19世纪盛行的历史比较语言学更为语法翻译法提供了理论基础：通过翻译的手段和比较母语与外语语音、词汇和语法的异同达到掌握外语和欣赏外国文学作品的目的。
英语教学法主要流派
英语教学法主要流派 一、语法翻译法(Grammar-Translation Method) 语法翻译法是最古老的外语教学法,是中世纪欧洲人教希腊语、拉丁语等死语言的教学法,到了18世纪,欧洲的学校虽然开设了现代外语课,但仍然沿用语法翻译法,当时语言学的研究对象基本上还是书面语。人们学习外语的目的,主要是为了阅读外语资料和文献。语法—翻译法的代表人物是奥伦多夫(H.G.Ollendoff)。古老的翻译法、语法法和词汇翻译法都属于同一类方法。 语法翻译法在1840—1940年代间大行其道,之后便被许多学者群起围攻。看来,当标的语只被用来执行其阅读功能时,语法翻译法确实有其一定的教学效果,但是当学习者对标的语的需求不仅限于阅读,而期待达到听无障、说无碍的境界时,语法翻译法这套祖传秘方就必然被打入冷宫,被时代潮流淘汰了。 反思国内的英语教学,大多还是采取这种语法翻译教学法。一些大学的必修英文课继续沿用这样不敷时代所需的语法翻译法教学法——讲台上传来英语教授句型、词类变化和翻译的讲解声,台下则一片死寂,然后为提高听说能力的学生又再去社会上的语言学校上课练习会话。究其原因,则为应试英语。
二、直接法(Direct Method) 直接法是19世纪下半叶始于西欧的外语教学改革运动的产物,是语法翻译法的对立面。德国外语教育家菲埃托是最早提出直接法的教学法构想的先驱人物。教师采取渐进式的问答法来引导学生开口说话。此外,教学的初期不依赖课本进度,而依照教师自己设计的教案来搭配学生的学习状况。学生则必须专心地“停、看、听”,善用老师所示范的标的语以及其他相关背景信息,然后学习用标的语回答老师的问题。教师是标的语唯一的示范者,所以教学时一律不用学生的母语讲解,而必须使出十八般武艺,运用身体语言和辅助教具来传授语言知识,使学生能用极初级程度的标的语来了解新的标的物,并学会用口语来表达。直接法在19世纪60年代兴起,至20世纪20年代逐渐没落。基本上来说,它在规模较小的语言学校推行得非常成功,因为当老师用标的语直接进行教学时,可以照顾到每个学生的反映与需要。 直接法比起古典语法翻译法是教学法史上的一大进步,成为以后的听说法、视听法、功能法等现代改革派的发端,但它是完全针对语法翻译法的弊端提出的,本身难免有它的局限性和片面性,对母语在外语教学中的作用,只看到消极的一面,而没有看到或充分估计到它的积极的一面,只看到和只强调幼儿学母语和已掌握了母语的人学习外语之间的共同规律,而对两者之间的差别未曾注意到或没有充分估计到,因此采用了基本相同的方法来解决两种有一定区别的语言学习问题,
英语教学法教程主要知识点归纳
Process-oriented theories: are concerned with how the mind organizes new information such as habit.formation,.induction,making.inference,.hypothesis.testing.and.generalization.Condition-oriented theories: emphasize the nature of the human and physical context in which language learning takes place, such as the number of students, the kind of input learners receives, and the atmosphere.Behaviorist theory, skinner,learning process of habit formation&conditioning,a stimulus-response theory ,imitation&repetition SRR,audio-lingual method,external factors,the idea of this method is that language is learned by constant repletion and the reinforcement of the teacher. Mistakes were immediately corrected, and correct utterances were immediately praised. Cognitive theory, chomsky,learning:creative process, internal factors,students are asked to thinking and allow to create their own sentence based on their understanding of certain rules ,language is not a form of behavior, it is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.Constructivist theory,personal construction,dewey, believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she already knows.Socio-constructivist theory, similar to constructivist theory, socio-constructivist theory emphasizes interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context based on the concept of “Zone of Proximal Development” (ZPD) and scaffolding.learning is best achieved through dynamic interaction between the teacher&learner&between learners Language teacher qualifications：1、a good command of spoken and written language2、formulate theory presupposition3、language background and experience4、know how languages are learnt 5、the ability to use methods in various situations6、deep understanding of cultural background7、understanding the principles of teaching.These elements can be categorized into three groups：ethic devotion，professional qualities and personal styles Communicative Competence:Hedge,:linguistic（knowledge of the language itself,its form and meaning）,pragmatic(the appropriate use of the language in social context),discourse(one ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand it) ,strategic(strategies one employs when there is communication breakdown due to lack of resource),fluency(ability to link units of speech together with facility and without strain or inappropriate to slowness or undue hesitation) Views on language.Structural view —The founder：Saussure—The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems：1、the sound system（phonology）2、sound combinations（morphology）3、meaning for communication（syntax）—Learning the language is to learn the structural items，study the inner structure and rule of language，ignore the social functions of the language。Functional view— Representative：Johnson、marrow、swain canal (the core: grammar) —The function view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things—Learners learn a language in order to be able to doing things with it .Use the linguistic structure to express functions.Interactional view — Emphasis：appropriateness — Language is a communicative tool，which main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people—Learners need to know the rules for using the language in certain context—The structural view limits knowing a language to knowing its structural rules and vocabulary CLT（交际英语教学）:to help the learners acquire communicative https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f13785165.html,nguage in real life is used to perform certain communication functions; use all skills: A. Receptive skill: listening and reading B. Productive skill: speaking and writing; used in a certain social context: teach the part of language in real life rather than all the language students develop all the language skills. Traditional pedagogy (传统教学法): focus on the forms of language.