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上海新世纪资信评估投资服务有限公司信用评级方法第一条本评级机构信用评级的一般方法是：以现金流为主线，紧紧围绕债务人或其特定债务未来偿债资金来源及其可靠度展开分析；进行长期信用评级时重视对承债主体的盈利状况及盈利能力的分析与评价，进行短期信用评级时重视对承债主体资产流动性的分析与评价。评级要素包括但不限于：主体评级（外部因素与内部因素）、债项评级和支持评级。
第二条主体信用状况的分析和评价包括外部因素分析和内部因素分析。
外部因素分析是指对债务人面临的宏观经济环境、监管环境、行业结构、政策环境和市场竞争环境等外部因素进行分析。
内部因素分析是指对债务人内部因素的分析，着重于企业的公司治理水平、管理素质、经营状况和财务质量等。
第三条债项分析是债券信用评级中最重要的部分内容之一。债项评级的内容包括：募集资金用途与投资风险分析、拟投资项目盈利与现金流量的预测与分析等。
第四条支持评级包括政府支持、股东支持、金融机构支持及其他增级手段运用等内容的考察与分析。
第五条本评级机构信用评级的一般方法如下图所示：
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U n i t O n e M o d e r n T e c h n o l o g y LessonOneComputers 【词形变换】mouse---mice（复数）main---mainly electronic---electrical---electricityrelax---relaxedable---enable invent（发明V）---inventor（发明家）---invention（发明物）【重要短语】typein输入，键入 ought（not）to=should（not）应该get/befamiliarwith熟悉andsoon等等 What’stheuseof………的用途是什么attheageof在……岁时learnfrom…向……学习 beworriedabout=worryabout担心…….允许某人做某事Wouldyouplease+V.原形 stop/prevent/.阻止某人做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来做某事payattentionto（介词）注意agreewithsb.同意某人的意见 .=helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事spend…onsth.=spend…(in)doingsth.花费……做某事keepintouchwith与……保持联系millionsof数百万的use…todosth.用…...做某事 all/different/manykindsof各种各样的inbrief简言之 neither…nor…既不……,也不…… beconnectedto与……连接在一起 beableto的用法：（可用于各种时态，而can不能）现在：am/is/are(not)ableto过去：was/were(not)ableto将来：will(not)beableto LessonTwoRobots 【词形变换】 different（形）---difference（名）---differently（副）danger---dangerousoperate---operationmemory---memorizeindustry---industrialmedicine---medical please---pleasure（名）---pleased（形人）---pleasant（形物）【重要短语】tidyup整理，收拾makethebed铺床 perform/doanoperationonsb.给某人做手术 perform/dooperationsonsb.=operateonsb. bedifferentfrom与……不同bethesameas与……相同knownothingabout对……一无所知withpleasure高兴地，快乐地；乐意地 whatelse=whatotherthings（else常放在不定代词和疑问词的后面）decidetodosth.决定做某事practisedoingsth.练习做某事 notonly…butalso…不但……而且……not…anymore/longer=nomore/longer不再keepdoingsth.一直不停地做某事 beafraidofsth./doingsth.害怕某物/做某事beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事 with/withoutthehelpof在……的帮助下/没有……的帮助 不定代词的用法： something常用于肯定句中，也可用于希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中anything常用于否定句或疑问句中nothing常用于否定句中（what）everything 上述不定代词都指物，不能和of连用，都是单数。 someone=somebody常用于肯定句中anyone=anybody常用于否定或疑问句中 noone=nobody常用于否定句中（who）everyone=everybody
上海高中《牛津英语》教材与《新世纪英语》教材的对比分析
上海高中《牛津英语》教材与《新世纪英语》教材的对 比分析 摘要教材在英语教学中起着重要作用, 是英语课程资源的核心部分。进入新世纪, 我国启动了新一轮的课程改革, 课程改革的关键是教材。随着新课程标准的颁布, 教材由“一纲一本”向“一纲多本”转变, 越来越多的教材涌入市场。面对不同 品种的教材,如何评价和分析各种教材的优劣就成为当今教师面临的一个挑战。上海高中普遍使用的两套英语教材 ?? 《英语》 (牛津上海版) 和《英语》(新 世纪版) 就是为了满足新一轮课改的要求而改编和编写的。本论文以《普通高中 英语课程标准》为依据, 参照国内外教材评价的理论, 旨在对上海高中使用的两 套英语教材本身和使用效果进行对比和分析, 从而发现两套教材各自的优势和不 足之处,以便上海高中英语教师在使用教材的过程中可以对两套教材进行整合,
扬长避短,让教材更好地为教学服务,最终达到提高英语教学质量的目的。本论文共分为五个部分。第一章“引论”部分主要介绍了研究背景、研究目的与意义、研究内容与方 法以及本论文的框架结构。第二章“理论框架与文献综述”部分阐述了教材的定义和作用、教学大纲、 国内外外语教材评价的理论和国内外教材对比的研究现状。第三章“两套教材的对比研究”主要是对两套教材进行宏观和微观对比分析。 宏观对比分析了教材编写的宏观设计指导原则、教材编写的主框架结构和单元课 程设置模式。微观对比分析主要从语言知识、语言技能、学习策略和文化意识四 方面来对比,重点对比分析了两套教材的词汇、语法、听、说、读、写等方面。第四章“两套教材的效果对比分析”主要从教师调查、学生调查和两套教材 使用效率对比分析来看两套教材的使用效果。第五章“研究结果与思考”通过前面几章对两套教材的对比分析、调查和实 验总结出两套教材的优势和不足之处, 并提出一些建议, 供教材编写者和使用两 套教材的教师参考。 关键词 : 牛津教材,新世纪教材,对比分析vi ABSTRACTAs a core of curriculum resources, English teaching materials play an important