考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练五十
Convalescent plasma and artificial antibodies:Survivors as saviours
恢复期血浆和人工抗体：康复者成为了人们的救星
During the flu pandemic of1918-19doctors at an American naval hospital developed a treatment which,according to the American Journal of Public Health,had“a decided influence in shortening the course of the disease and in lowering the mortality”.
据《美国公共卫生杂志》报道称，在1918年至1919年的流感大流行期间，美国一家海军医院的医生研发了一种能够“有效缩短疾病病程并降低患者死亡率”的治疗方法。It involved clotting and then centrifuging blood from people who had got over the disease so as to separate out the antibodies it contained,then giving those antibodies to patients in dire need.
该方法是对处于恢复期的病人的血液进行采集和离心，进而分离出含有抗体的血浆，然后将其用于那些亟待治疗的患者。
Since then antibody-rich“convalescent plasma”(CP)has been used as a treatment for various diseases,including SARS and the pandemic strains of H1N1and H5N1influenza.Now covid-19has joined the list.
从那时起，富含抗体的“恢复期血浆”被广泛用于治疗包括SARS以及H1N1和H5N1流感大流行在内的各种疾病。如今，新冠肺炎也也位列其中。
A recent study in Wuhan found that severely ill covid-19patients treated with CP did significantly better than patients matched with them by age, gender and severity of infection had done earlier in the epidemic.
最近在武汉进行的一项研究发现，相比疫情早期那些年龄、性别和病情相当的新冠肺炎患者，接受恢复期血浆治疗的重症患者的治疗效果明显要好一些。
Michael Joyner of the Mayo Clinic,which leads a CP research effort in America,expects randomised control trials to begin in a few weeks.They will not just look at CP’s potential as a treatment,but also as a prophylactic.If that worked,it would be a sort of halfway house on the road to a vaccine.
梅约医学中心的迈克尔·乔伊纳领导着美国一项有关恢复期血浆的研究计划，他预计将在几周内开始进行随机对照试验。他们不仅将恢复期血浆视为一种潜在的治疗手段，同时还将其视为一种预防手段。如果这种方法行之有效，那么它将为疫苗的研发奠定基础。Even though CP donors get the other components of their blood—cells, platelets and the like—returned to them after the antibodies have been removed,the process is still something of a palaver,requiring a lot of medical attention.Despite the fact that various companies are trying to make a go of it,it is hard to see it scaling up all that far.
尽管在分离出抗体后，血液中的其他成分（血细胞、血小板等）会被输送回恢复期血浆捐献者的体内，但整个过程仍然十分繁琐，需要投入大量医护。虽然许多公司都在努力推进恢复期血浆的制备，但规模难以扩大。
But there is an alternative.Antibodies are proteins,and that means a bit of genetic engineering will allow cell lines at biotechnology and pharma companies to mass produce them.The resulting product should be less prone to contamination,more consistent,and easier to scale up than CP.不过，还有另一种选择。抗体本质上是蛋白质，这意味着一些生物技术和制药公司能够通过基因工程技术对其进行大规模生产。由此得到的抗体相比恢复期血浆更不容易受到污染、更稳定、更易于实现规模化生产。
This approach has already been successful against Ebola.Regeneron,an American biotech company,developed a cocktail of three antibodies which recognised different parts of the protein’s coat.
这种方法已经成功地被用于对抗埃博拉病毒了。再生元公司（一家美国生物技术公司）研发了一种由三种抗体（可识别蛋白质外壳上的不同位点）组成的混合抗体。
Trials in the Democratic Republic of Congo showed this therapy to be better than remdesivir,a drug designed to block the Ebola virus’s reproduction which is now,as it happens,being tested as a medicine for covid-19.
据他们在刚果民主共和国进行的试验显示，其疗效优于瑞德西韦，瑞德西韦本是一种用于阻止埃博拉病毒复制的药物，目前正被用作治疗新冠肺炎的药物进行试验。Regeneron is now making a pair of antibodies that target the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.It hopes to have produced enough to start trials soon.As with CP,it is possible that such antibodies may temporarily confer immunity on the uninfected,as well as helping the infected fight the disease.
再生元公司目前正在研发一种针对新冠病毒突刺蛋白的抗体。该公司希望能够生产出足够的抗体，从而尽快开展试验。就像恢复期血浆一样，这种抗体或能暂时赋予未感染者以抵抗力，并帮助感染者与病魔作斗争。(红色标注词为重难点词汇)
重难点词汇：
convalescent[?kɑ?nv??lesnt]adj.康复的；恢复期的n.恢复期病人saviour[?se?vj?r]n.救世主；救星；救助者
antibody[??ntibɑ?di]n.抗体
prophylactic[?pro?f??l?kt?k]adj.预防性的n.预防性药物；预防性措施temporarily[?temp??rer?li]adv.临时地
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Cloth of gold 一块价值堪比黄金的布 Why the economic value of a face mask is$56.14 为什么说一个口罩的经济价值是56.14美元 After a brutal first six months of the year,governments across the world are hoping for an economic bounce-back.Rich-world GDP fell by about 10%in the first half of2020. 在经历今年上半年的残酷考验后，世界各国政府都期待经济能够触底反弹。2020年上半年，发达国家的GDP下降了约10%。 Yet much has changed since—including that more people are now wearing masks.Economists,obsessed with translating everything into GDP,wonder if more widespread face-covering could help the recovery.然而，自从越来越多的人戴上口罩后，情况发生了显著变化。经济学家痴迷于用GDP来解释一切事物，如今他们想知道，随着更多的人戴上了口罩，经济能否走向复苏。The thinking goes that masks can,in part,substitute for lockdowns. People wearing them need not be discouraged as much from using public transport.More shops and offices might be able to reopen,albeit while practising social distancing. 这种想法基于这样一个逻辑，戴口罩在一定程度上可以代替封锁措施。当人们戴上口罩后，就不必再对公共交通工具进行限制了。更多的商店和办公室也将重新开放，尽管是在保持社交距离的前提下。 Calculations from Goldman Sachs,a bank,suggest that a15 percentage-point rise in the share of the population that wears masks
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1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题阅读 Section II R eading Comprehension Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points) Text 1 ①In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. ②A new phase in space exploration has begun. ①The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earth’s size. ②Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. ③It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. ④In short, Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earth’s twin.” ①The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. ②Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth’s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). ③Water is all but nonexistent. ①Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter. ②For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth. ③It has no earth’s oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. ④In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace. 一、词汇 1．shuttle n. 返汽车(列车，飞机)；航天飞机，航天器 2．release v. 放出，释放 3.probe n. 探测 4.phase n. 阶段 5.density n. 密度 6.approximately ad. 大概，大约 7.stuff n. 材料，东西 8.passes for被当成9.sulfuric a. 硫的 10. acid n. 酸性物质，酸11. axis n. 轴(线) 12.leisurely ad. 慢慢地，悠然地 二、长难句 1. In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. 该句主干为space shuttle “Atlantis” released … the space probe “Megallan”，which引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰先行词the space probe “Megallan”。 翻译：1989年5月，“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机将“麦哲伦”号金星探测器释放到外太空，
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学类
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学 类 Passage 18 Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108. Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher." Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers. Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this." 注(1)：本文选自Time;11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c; 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题(1、2)，text 1 第2 题(3)，text 3第5 题(5)和2000年真题text 4第4题(4); 1. What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school? [A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills [B] the time to do his school work
考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练一
Tencent Video battles iQiyi in China’s streaming wars腾讯视频与爱奇艺之中国流媒体大战 But the two big Chinese streaming platform may onc day settle into a cosy duopoly 但两大平台在未来某天或将实现双头垄断 L aunched in2010,iQiyi has grown used to the foreign press calling it“the Netflix of China”.Not the worst nickname,given the videostreaming pioneer’s success.But Gong Yu,iQiyi’s founder and boss,insists that his firm is more accurately described as“Netflix plus”.A bold claim for a loss-making business worth one-fifteenth as much as America’s(cash-generating)entertainment powerhouse with a market value of$214bn.Still,Mr Gong has a point. 创立于2010年的爱奇艺常常被外国媒体称为“中国版网飞”。鉴于这家流媒体先驱的成功，这一称号也算名副其实。但爱奇艺创始人兼老板龚宇坚称，准确来说，爱奇艺是“加强版网飞”。对于这家仍在亏损的公司来说，这种说法有些张狂，作为美国娱乐业巨头的网飞现已实现盈利，市值高达2140亿美元，而爱奇艺市值仅为其十五分之一。不过，龚宇所言仍有些许道理。 Like Netflix,iQiyi offers customers a deep catalogue of licensed and original content.Unlike Netflix,which relies almost entirely on subscription fees,iQiyi has multiple revenue streams.“Membership fees”,which start from19.8yuan ($2.87)a month,accounted for just over half of iQiyi’s7.4bn yuan in revenues in the second quarter. 爱奇艺和网飞一样，也为客户提供海量版权及原创影视作品。但不同于几乎完全依赖会员费的网飞，爱奇艺拥有多项收入来源。在爱奇艺第二季度74亿元的营收中，每月19.8元（约合2.87美元）起的“会员费”占比刚刚过半。 The rest came mainly from an online store(which sells“entertainment-related merchandise”),a nascent mobile-gaming arm,an e-book business and advertisements;iQiyi operates a“freemium”model which allows stingier users to stream some content free of charge provided they agree to watch ads.