怎样提高大学英语四级阅读能力

怎样提高大学英语四级阅读能力
怎样提高大学英语四级阅读能力

怎样提高大学英语四级阅读能力

扩大词汇量

众所周知,学习英语是从单词开始的。任何一位英语学习者在学习中最大的困难是单词难记。学习者要逐个地记住单词的音、形、义确实不容易,要掌握每个词的用法和前后搭配就更困难了。而词汇是语言的基本单位,每一篇文章都是由词汇组成的。词汇的记忆和应用是阅读理解的第一步,是最基本的要求。不具备一定的词汇量,阅读理解根本无从谈起。词汇量不足,是影响阅读速度的大问题。要盖成语言的“大厦”是离不开词汇的。假如一句话里你不知道的生词有两三个,那么就会影响你对这句话的理解。比如:“Ther e are lots of pedestrians in the streent” 这个简单句,若不知道pedestrians是什么意思?就无法懂得说的是“街上有很多行人”的意思。如果一篇文章里遇到十几个生词,甚至几十个生词,那么读了这篇文章简直不知其所云,就更谈不上理解了。可见,生词是阅读中的拦路虎,词汇量的大小是决定阅读能力高低的一个基本因素。那么,如何才能在相对较短的时间里快速而有效地记忆和掌握大量的词汇呢?

利用读音规则记单词

大多数单词的拼写都是符合读音规则的,如重读开音节、重读闭音节、非重读音节、R 音节等。只要把单词读准了,根据读音规则就可以把单词拼写正确。此外,辅音字母的读音都比较固定,常用字母组合的读音变化也不大,把单词的音、形、义结合起来记忆实为学习英语词汇的一种好方法。

利用构词法记单词

根据The Standard Dictionary的编者估计,英语现有大约100万至120万单词,但大部分单词是通过合成、派生、转化三种方法构成的。

合成法把两个或两个以上的独立词合在一起构成新词的方法。如:mooncak 月饼earthrise地球的升起,greenhouse温室等。这类词的合成方式很多:可以是

名词+名词构成;可以是形容词+名词构成;可以是动词+名词构成;可以是现

在分词+名词构成等。大多数合成词的意思可以从组成部分推想出来。据统计,

用这种合成方式构成的新词比例高达27%。

派生法由词根加前缀、后缀而构成新词的方法。如:conduct(传导,导电),conductive(传导的,导电的,有传导力的),conductivity(传导性,导电系数),

super-conductivity(超导性)。据统计,派生词在英语单词中占17.2%。词根或

称词干是派生的基础,在同一词根上可以添加不同的词缀以表示不同的词义和词

类。前缀常对词根的意义加以修饰或限制,而大多数后缀决定单词的语法属性。

英语单词浩如烟海,但词根和词缀的数量有限,常用的词根大概有300来个,常

用的前缀和后缀各有100多个。如果掌握了这些常用的词根和词缀,学习者就能

用这些已知的成分去分析新词的意义,能认识同族词中许多原来不认识的新词,

还可以扩大词汇量。难怪广大学习者把词根、前缀和后缀称为扩大词汇的三把金

钥匙。

转化法不改变词形而直接把一个词用作另一种词类,从而使该词有新的词义和作用,成为一个新词的构词方法。据统计,由转化法构成的单词占10.5%。

除以上三种方法外,还有截短法。如:auto--automobile,ad--advertisement;首字母缩略法,如EEC-European Economic Community(欧洲经济共同体);首字母拼音法,如OPEC-Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(石油输出国组织);拼缀法,如motel--motorist hotel(汽车旅馆),telex--teletype exchange (电传);等等。据统计,用这些方法构成的新词约占26.5%。

利用构词知识对单词进行科学分析,找出其内在联系和变化规律,就能够由已知的成分去分析新词的含义,达到巩固已学词汇、扩大词汇量、深刻理解词义的目的,收到事半功倍的效果。

利用分类法记单词

记忆是信息的输入、贮存、编码和提取的过程。经验证明,把单词分类,不仅可以帮助记忆,而且还可引起联想、激发学习兴趣。把单词分类的方法很多,关键是找好分类原则,合理分类。学习者可按自己的实际情况把单词分类。比如,可以把已学的和正在学的单词按语言学条目分成:单复数变化不规则的名词,常用错的不可数名词,频度副词,后接动名词的动词,后接不定式的动词;更多的可按主题内容把单词分成:食品、衣物、动物、季节、气候、形状、颜色等等。也可按构词法分类,把同族词放在一起;还可按同义词、反义词、近义词、近形词分类;或按学科门类分类。总之,根据各人的实际情况,按一定的规则把已经掌握的和正在学的单词分类,再把学习中、生活中遇到的、想掌握的单词加进去,逐步地建立起真正属于自己的词库,以便随时提取。

利用对比联想记单词

学习一个单词时,想一想它的同义词、反义词、同族词、常用词组、常用搭配,以便举一反三。

大量阅读

大量的阅读不但可以多次重复已学单词,从而真正掌握它们,而且还可以接触新词,实为扩大词汇量的有效途径。

巩固语法知识

语法一直是中国英语数学中的重点。对中国学生一般要求掌握大量规范的句型、习惯用法和常用结构,这是中国英语教学的一个优点,是符合英语的本质和学习规律的。英语是一种逻辑性很强的拼音语言,其结构比较规整,有很多规律性的内容。体现在具体的行文里,就是存在大量的固定句型,惯用说法等等,这些相当于数学里的公式,可以把类似的词语填入固定句型公式里,构成不同的句子。

学懂了语法知识,便能帮助你正确地理解句子的含义。比如“If she hadn’t gone back to fetch her handbag, she would have caught the train.” 这句话,如果不知道这是一种与过去实际情况相反的假设,即虚拟语气,就很难理解句子的真正含义。学懂了虚拟语气,就很容易地懂得句子的含义为“如果她不回去拿手提包的话,就会赶上火车的,”实际上指的是“她回去拿手提包了,因而没有赶上火车。”

语法知识不仅能帮助你正确地理解句子的含义,还能帮助你对较长的句子理出头绪,化复杂为简单。如“Fats are also energy—giving foods but do not give it up as quickly as the sugars and starches as they have to be broken down in the liver and made into sugar before they can be burnt by the body.”这个句子虽然比较长,但只要找出句子的主语为Fats,谓语为are,表语是energy—giving foods,but后give up是并列谓语,it 指energy, as quickly as the sugars为比较状语,as they have to be broken down in the liver and made into sugar 是原因状语从句, before they can be burnt by the body是时间状语从句。通过分析句子成分,我们就很快地知晓其含义为“脂肪也是提供能量的食物,但它释放能量没有糖和淀粉那么快,因为它必须在肝脏内分解并转化成糖后才能被人体所吸收。”由此可见,熟练掌握语法知识有助于理解文章的正确含义。

进行阅读实践

在信息革命和知识爆炸的当今社会,英语已成为获取科学技术新信息的一条必不可缺的重要途径。提高学生的英语阅读理解能力,不仅是英语教学的目的,也是英语教学的手段和途径。随着广大学生阅读能力的不断提高,语言知识的不断增加,阅读兴趣就会从纯语言学习性阅读逐渐发展到语言应用性阅读。在广泛的阅读中,学习者不仅猎取了知识,增长了见识,开阔了眼界,更能够在信息的海洋中畅通无阻。在信息革命中,英语已成为国际人才

的必备条件和标志,我们培养的学生应该是有能力在浩如烟海的文献资料中,快速地摄取到国际最新信息的人才。

实践表明,阅读能力的提高在于大量的练习之后的积累。因为熟能生巧,无论多么好的方法和技巧,必须在反复练习有了亲身体验之后才能真正地掌握并加以运用,进而不断完善和提高。质的提高,要有量的积累。如果要进一步提高自己的能力,是不能局限于此的,必须扩大阅读量。只有通过大量的阅读才能培养出良好的语感,培养出对英语的直觉力和洞察力。许多英语学习成功者的一项重要体会就是大量阅读。在进行广泛阅读的过程中,在真实的原汁原味的语言环境中,英语文化的真谛才能得到没有误读的传达和领悟。由此,要有意识有目的地阅读一些英语原著,特别是文学和人文科学方面的著作,这样既能达到在潜移默化中增强对英语的感性把握,同时也能提高学习英语的兴趣,避免一味的机械记诵带来的枯燥感和厌学情绪,把学习提到一个更高的境界。

熟悉文化背景

语言是文化的不可分割的一部分,是人类的思维工具,是信息交流和文化传统的载体。一个民族的思维方式和规律等心理特质必然要在语言中反映出来。一种语言的发展,是和一个民族和这个民族的文化发展相伴而行的。因此,无论何时,语言都是认识一个民族一种文化的最集中的标尺。通过语言,可以了解一个民族的历史、风俗、宗教、传统、思想感情、思维定势等等。比如在汉语和英语中,有一些表达的方式是相通的,体现了人类心理的共同性。如“The faster, the better越快越好”。在这里,两种语言达成了完美的和谐,但在更多的情况下,这两种语言的许多表达方式都包含着特定的文化信息,体现了独特的文化传统背景,比如成语、谚语等长期约定俗成的表达方式,如果没有对其背景知识的了解,是不容易理解的。在美国,如果驾驶员看到路边有人伸出拇指,他便知道这个人想搭便车,于是英语逐渐有了“thumb a ride搭便车”的说法。如若中国人不知道这一背景,就想不通为什么用大拇指去乘车。比如,我们在阅读中遇到这样的句子“He is as terrible as Pistol.”意思是他与毕斯托一样令人厌恶。”但是如果不知道Pistol到底是什么样的一个人,对这个句子的理解只算是对了一半。其实毕斯托是莎士比亚剧作《亨利四世下》,《亨利五世》中的人物。毕斯托原来是武士福塔夫的听差,因偷东西被辞退,后来当了军曹。此人胆小并爱吹牛,后来人们专门用此人来比喻流氓无赖。Pistol 便成了流氓无赖的代名词。类似的句子枚不胜举,这就说明了扩大知识面与提高阅读理解能力分不开。由此可见,知识面的宽窄决定阅读理解的深浅。

此外,学习应试技巧。所谓技巧是对于多年的标准化考试的理性分析和科学总结,所得到的经验和做题规则。在掌握出题规则上,预测题目;在不完全理解文章的情况下,根据做题规则最大概率得到正确答案。甚至在来不及看文章时,直接做对题目。四、六级的阅读文章经过人们长期研究和总结,有着很强的套路感和规律感。学生可以在考试以前做好准备,掌握有效的应试技巧对于在考场上高效地去解答四、六级阅读题目是非常有裨益的,可以达到事半功倍的效果。通过对做题的不断实践和练习,才能在考试中心领神会,取得应有的成绩。

英语四级阅读理解练习附答案

英语四级阅读理解练习附答案 导读:我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《英语四级阅读理解练习附答案》的内容,具体内容:下面是我整理的,希望对大家有帮助。Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international ma... 下面是我整理的,希望对大家有帮助。 Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. 『This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions.』① To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience. The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonalds. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.

大学英语四级答题技巧汇总

大学英语四级答题技巧汇总 快速阅读技巧(第一篇) 15分钟做完,先看小标题(先只看2-3个,多了也记不住),再通过1-7小题的题干的名词、动词找出原句来做, 特别注意: 做题顺序,先看文章标题,直到文章主要内容,然后看第一小题,在小题部分的定位词先圈出来,再回原文找。找到第一小题后,再看第二小题。看一个题,做一个;不要把文章看完再做题,或题看完再读文章。 特别注意:比较容易定位的词是: A.不能用中心思想词定位,因为整篇文章都说的是它。 B.时间、数字、地点、大写字母的单词容易定位。 C.比较长,难的名词容易定位,好找。 D.定位词找2-3个就行,多了也记不住。最好是位置不同的两个词。 一般判断N和NG的标准如下: NO题: (l)信息与原文相反(2)将原文信息张冠李戴 (3)将原文中不确定的或未经证实的内容作为正确的或客观的来表述 (4)改变原文的条件、范围、频率、可能性等 NG题: (l)无中生有(2)以个别代替整体,即将原文所举例子的特殊现象推广为普遍现象 (3)随意比较原文中提到的两个事物(4)将原文具体化,即题目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围 (5)原文中作者或某个人物的目标、目的、愿望、誓言等内容,在题目中作为客观事实陈述 快速阅读技巧(第二篇) 解决办法:掌握正确的阅读方法 考生平时阅读一般会采取两种阅读方法。一种是先看文章后看问题;另一种是先看问题,带着问题读文章。那么究竟哪一种方法比较好呢?笔者认为还是先看问题后读文章比较好。原因在于,先看问题,你可以熟悉出题人的出题角度。并且有题干,你可以划出题干的关键词,先看问题后刊文章的好处就在于,可以通过问题先把上述“核心词”在原文中划出,然后再读文章的过程中,一旦独到,注意历史高度集中的,这样有助于提高做题的准确性。由此得出正确的阅读方法就是“五步阅读法”: 第一步,扫描题干抓关键。 即首先看选项,划出题干中的的关键词。题干关键词包括:数字、人名地名、专有名词、引号里的词语等等。 第二步,快速浏览全文,把握文章主旨大意标重点。 即快速浏览文章。在快速浏览文章的时候,不需要每一个单词和句子都读得懂,没有时间也没有这个必要。在第二步的过程中,考生们所要做的就是首先弄清楚这篇文章的中心思想是什么;其次,用笔在试卷上面标记出考试要考的重点。那么很多考生就会问,如何把握文章的主旨大意,如何标记文章的重点呢? 首先,把握文章的主旨大意。 要解决这个问题,需要分两步走。第一步,仔细阅读文章的首末段的首末句。因为英语文章段落结构上面我已经讲过。此外,西方人说话向来喜欢开门见山。所以英语文章段落70%都是一上来交待作者的写作目的或意图。第二步,要仔细阅读其他个段落的首句。然后把这两步综合起来,英语文章的主旨大意就可以把握住。其次,如何标注文章的重点。 英语文章的重点主要有以下几点:

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3 大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(四) 十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller

大学英语四级考试快速阅读理解技巧新

大学英语四级考试快速阅读技巧 一.测试目的 快速阅读,顾名思义,它的目的在于测试考生单位时间当中的阅 读量,其实四级对速度的考查是近几年一直延续的一种结果。同时, 在解答题目方面,快速阅读并不强调一定要像精读文章那样通篇认真 研究,相反,快速阅读题目更强调测试考生在实践语言环境中查询有 效信息的能力,这也反映出四六级考试试图提升考生实际应用能力的 改革方向。 二.测试形式 快速阅读要求考生在15 分钟内完成一篇1100字左右的文章和后面的 10 道题。前面 7 个题是判断正误(包括NG),后 3 个是填空题填根据阅读的理解,填三到四个单词( 答案基本都是原文中出现的原 词)。快速阅读的文章一般分为小标题+题目和无小标题+题目两种类型。该题型需要通过略读和寻读法,乃至文章逻辑关系、标点符号等方面的综合运用,实现对随后的题目有效的判断和填写。 三.基本要求 1. 快速阅读的文章基本都是专业题材的文章,很多考生可能会觉得 很陌生,但是对于 CET-4 的快速阅读开始来说,只要求考生

对题目所提到的信息在原文中能够找到即可,只是有时需要简 单的同义词替换。 2. 略读( Skimming)和寻读( Scanning )的能力在大学英语四级考试中显得尤为重要。 3. 快速阅读要求考生的阅读速度是每分钟 110-140 词。 四.快速阅读方法 1.推测(prediction) 阅读正文前,就标题(如果有标题的话)来合理推测资料的 大概内容,也可在读了一段之后预测下段内容。这对快速理解和 整体把握文章内容以及推测出生词的词义范围有积极的意义。 2.读关键词句(key words and topic sentences) 在对文章的整体内容有了基本认识的基础上,我们学会抓主 要的词句,找出段落中的主题句,从而正确领会文章的主要内容。3.略读(skimming) 略读又称跳读 (reading and skipping)或浏览(glancing),是一种专门的,非常实用的快速阅读技能。 所谓略读,是指以尽可能快的速度阅读,如同从飞机上鸟瞰(bird ’s eye view ) 地面上的明显标志一样,迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说,略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读,可跳过某些细节,以求抓住文章的大概,从而加快阅读速度。据统计,训练有素的略读者(skimmer) 的阅读速度可以达到每分钟 3000 到 4000 个词。

(完整版)大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案

As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it. 1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____. a.they do not know how to enjoy themselves b.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health c.they are travelling fast all the time d.they are becoming busier with their work 2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________. a.not fearing stress b.knowing the art of relaxation c.high sense of responsibility d.having control over performance 3.Which of the follwing statements is ture? a.We can find some ways to avoid stress b.Stress is always harmful to people

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