英语常用表达形式汇总

Unit 1

Lesson 1

使用顺序词afterward或subsequently表达继一系列事件或时间点之后。

I got my engineering degree from Delft. Afterward, I began working for Smoot.

I graduated from high school in 2004. Subsequently, I moved to England to study at Oxford.

使用following搭配宾语来表达继一系列事件或时间点之后

Following my promotion, I designed the Northside Professional Center.

Following that, I was recognized as Architect of the Year.

使用prior to + 宾语表达在一事件或时间之前发生的事情

I started here in May. Previously, I was working for a competitor.

Prior to my time managing HR, I wrote training courses.

使用currently这个词来告诉某人你现在在哪里工作。

I'm currently working at Dewey and Jasper Inc.

Head是一个通用头衔，意为director或manager

He's the head of quality assurance. n

She heads the sales department. v

He's the head teacher. Adj

组织或团体中处于下级的是帮助managers和directors的人，比如assistants和associates。associate的等级通常高过assistant。

associate managing editor 副总编辑

assistant sales director助理销售主管

下列表达方式来写你的大学教育。注意每个表达方式搭配使用的介词

I graduated from Edinburgh University in 2010.

I'm currently working on an MBA.

I majored in chemistry.

使用这些表达方式来写你的工作经历：

I have extensive experience in managing big projects.

I have a solid background in product development.

I was promoted to director of sales in 2010.

为工作面试写一封求职信

申请工作的时候，发送resume（简历）的同时附上一封简短的cover letter（求职信）。

第1段

称呼语后，告诉对方你要申请什么职位，以及对你的教育和经历做一个积极的陈述。

I am applying for the director of sales position posted on your company website. I believe my education and extensive experience make me a strong candidate.

第2段

接下来，总结描述你的教育和经历。

I have a BS in marketing from the University of Bologna and seven years of experience in sales.

I worked for three years at Martinique Systems. Afterward, I worked at Hall and Smith for two years.

I am currently working at Beijing Accounting Inc.

第3段

最后，参照你的简历，感谢对方considering（考虑）你的申请并结束写信。

Details about my education and experience are in the attached resume. Thank you for considering me for this position. I look forward to hearing from you.

Lesson 3

注意sensitive既有肯定意义，也有否定意义。

He's such a sensitive guy. He knew I was upset, so he took me out for lunch.

Don't be so sensitive! You made a mistake, and now you have to accept the criticism.

有些形容词既有肯定意义，也有否定意义。同时注意thin-skinned的反义词是thick-skinned。

Don't worry about her. She's tough, really thick-skinned. Nothing gets to her.

Sometimes I think he's too tough. He's so thick-skinned, he doesn't care if he upsets people.

big-headed自负的

cocky自以为是的

arrogant傲慢的

面试官常常让候选人来描述他们的优点和缺点。在你陈述一个优点后，给出额外的信息作为支持。

I'm very proactive. I try to fix problems before they become serious.

I'm enthusiastic about my work. I love being in sales.

Persistence is my greatest strength. I don't give up until I succeed.

很多面试官也会问你的最大的缺点是什么。你可以描述你做得费力但是正努力地改进的方面。

I've had problems with public speaking, but my manager is coaching me, so I've improved quite a bit.

My technical knowledge was a bit weak, so I started taking computer classes at night.

My team told me that I needed to be a better listener. They're helping me work on that, and

I've improved a lot.

Lesson 4

Oh, and could I have one of your business cards?

Writing:

Please work on using the correct choice of words when writing so your writing piece makes sense. For example when you wrote 'People dependent too much on the internet' you should have written 'People depend too much on the internet.' Dependent is an adjective and depend is a verb. (*) Remember, if we are indicating more than one, we need to use the plural form of the noun. For example: games

1、加强对基础单词的理解和正确使用

2、注意名词的单复数格式

Unit 2

Lesson 1

复合动词是后接一个或多个介词的动词，比如in、on或down。Type in就是一个复合动词。He typed in the information.

Switch on the computer.

Switch the computer on.

有些复合动词的动词和介词不能分开。

Log in with your password.

You can double-click on the icon to open the file.

Scroll down the page to find the link.

You can zoom in to make the image larger.

With a smartphone, tap on the icon to open the program.

这些表达方式来询问如何使用某物：

How does that work? 那是怎么工作的？

Can you explain how it works? 你能解释它是怎么工作的吗？

使用这些表达向他人解释某物的工作原理：

Let me explain how it works.

First of all, you have to switch it on.

The next thing you have to do is log in.

After that, tap on any icon to open the file.

Lesson 2

你会遇到些技术问题。这些是能帮助你描述问题的单词和词组

My computer has crashed

I can't connect to the internet. Our service must be down.

If you're having a problem, reboot your computer

用一些多部分动词来描述技术问题

I'll sort the problem out

Don't forget to log off from your computer at the end of the day.

be required to用于必须遵守的规定。该表达与have to和have got to的意义相同，但更正式更官方

All employees are required to change their passwords every month.

某事应做但并不一定要做时，使用be supposed to和be expected to。两个短语的语气与should和ought to相似

You're supposed to back up all the work you do

You're expected to tell your manager if you have a computer problem.

使用be responsible for表达常规工作要求

Employees are responsible for reporting all technical problems to IT.

使用be allowed to表示特权或权利。

Employees are allowed to work from home one day a week.

Lesson 3

表达重要性，除了直接说this is important，还有其他具有同等效果、更为巧妙的方法

注意单词easy和when的重读，以及它们如何传达时机的重要性

Predicting the future is the easy part. The hard part is knowing when it's going to happen.

使用以下类似表达，有助于你强调重要的观点：

What drives me is curiosity.

I would look for a pragmatic person.

There's nothing like hands-on experience.

做出inference（推断）有助于你确认别人所说的内容，让人放心你明白了他们的意思。使用类似表达做出推断：

It sounds like you're driven by pragmatism.

I thought she was saying that we should have fewer meetings.

If I understood him correctly, we should do more brainstorming.

If I'm hearing you correctly, only highly adaptable companies are successful.

Lesson 4

这些有用的语言用来描述技术对你生活的影响

Sometimes all the technology in our lives can be overwhelming.难以应付

I'm totally dependent依赖on my smartphone. I'd be lost without it.

John is completely engrossed in his video game

The advancement进步of technology is unstoppable.

We can access media in many different ways now.

Technology is a double-edged sword. It has advantages and disadvantages.

更多听力策略

在下一活动中，你将观看一段即兴采访，一对夫妻谈论日常生活中的各种科技。使用这些听力策略，帮助你理解他们说话的内容。

做好听的准备

如果你知道所要讨论的话题，听之前先思考你对该话题了解的内容。自问“我期望听到什么？”这段视频与一对夫妇生活中的科技相关。就优势和劣势而言，你认为他们会说什么?

关注你真正理解的内容

不要试图理解所说的每个单词。说话人说话时会停顿，重新起句。把注意力集中在你理解的内容，猜测不懂的内容。如果你把太多时间用在理解不懂的内容上，你甚至会遗忘更多内容

听听力，理解大意

说话人常常会强调重要信息。他们可能会用不同的话来陈述要点，重复重要信息或者总结。让说话人帮你理解话题和大意

再听一遍理解细节

如果你能再次或第三次听到一段内容，把注意力更多集中在细节的理解上。你甚至可以利用上下文，弄明白第一次没听懂的单词的意义

当我们就某个问题争论的时候，你可能想表明你同意或者不同意某人的观点。

You have a good point there.

Yes, I see what you're saying.

如果你不同意某人的观点，你可能想提出一个对立的观点

Actually, I think technology has made life a lot better.

I hear what you're saying, but it's a double-edged sword.

给出具体的例子能够增强你的论点

I mean, all I see is kids totally engrossed in their smartphones!

For example, I know people who can work from home now.

如果你不能同意一个不同的观点，使用这些表达方式

We'll just have to agree to disagree. 不得不承认我们的观点无法一致

Well, each to their own, I guess各持己见

Unit 3

Lesson 1

phobia是指对某事物极端的恐惧。注意，使用suffer from或have搭配一种恐惧症agoraphobia 恐旷症

arachnophobia 蜘蛛恐惧症

acrophobic 恐高症

claustrophobia 幽闭恐惧症

这些表达谈论恐惧

She's afraid of heights.

Ever since she was a kid, she's been scared of dogs.

I'm absolutely petrified of snakes.

It's crazy, I know, but I'm terrified of bees.

行为、时间、地点或某事的程度

I thought he was joking about the elevator, but he was deadly serious.

From time to time, he's too afraid to take the elevator and has to take the stairs.

I'm getting over my agoraphobia surprisingly well.

Every once in a while, she cancels a trip because she doesn't want to fly.

表达因果

He couldn't go to the top of the cathedral, owing to his fear of heights.

Since she's petrified of open spaces, she hardly ever goes outside.

Due to a traumatic childhood experience, I now have a fear of bees.

My fear of bees is due to a traumatic childhood experience.

使用consequently表达结果

He was attacked by killer bees and consequently is terrified of them.

指某事发生之后的时间时，你也可以使用subsequently来表达结果

He was attacked by killer bees and subsequently has been terrified of them.

Lesson 2

谈论精神力量的一些方法

Pugh said mental strength was the key to enduring the cold water.

He has incredible willpower.

The power of the mind is an amazing thing.

The power of the mind can push the body beyond its physical limits.

Mind training can help people accomplish incredible things.

You can use the power of positive thinking to get things done.

一个是常见的过去时态条件句，另外一个则是错综时间条件句

Past/past:If he had worked harder last year, he would have become vice president.

Past/present:If he had worked harder last year, he would be vice president now.

Present/past:If he didn't have acrophobia, he would have gone skydiving.

Past/future:If she hadn't had a panic attack yesterday, she would be going on vacation tomorrow.

Future/past:If I weren't traveling next week, I would have accepted your invitation. Present/future:If I were braver, I would tell her what I think.

Lesson 3

用于描述工作环境的单词和表达

The office where I work is hectic忙碌. There's a constant buzz of activity.

I'm lucky enough to work outside. It's leisurely and unhurried.

The stock exchange is high energy and fast-paced.

The museum she works in is low-key毫不起眼and not at all stressful.

描述个人对工作环境的感受的单词和表达

It's a rewarding and gratifying place to work.

He says it's a depressing, thankless work environment.

My colleagues stimulate and challenge me.

What is it you want to do in this life?

How badly do you want something?

Writing:

Preposition: Note that the word 'listen' is never followed directly by a noun. It must be followed by to and then a noun or a clause, hence I have inserted a preposition "to". e.g.,"...listening to radio,....". Sentences: Kindly note that you have planned well and arranged sentences - Well done.

1、listen 永远要接着to

Unit 4

Lesson 1

when和while等副词后使用含有动词+ '-ing' 的短语，为一个行为增添更多的细节

When reading the review of 'UFO 3,' he felt really excited.

I fell fast asleep while watching the opera.

有些含有动词+ '-ing' 的短语可用作形容词,分词短语），可位于句首或句尾

Standing on the balcony, he got a great view of the orchestra below.

That's John over there, eating popcorn.

描述潜在美好的经历的可能性

The possibilities are endless. You could go to the symphony, the opera, the ballet ...

There's an entire world out there waiting for you.

询问和描述观看演出的经历

Have you seen anything good recently?

It was awful. I had to wait in line for ages.

It was a nightmare. The place was packed.非常拥挤

描述经历时，使用engaging、inspiring或disappointing等形容词让讲述更加生动有趣What an engaging performance!

The whole experience was absolutely inspiring.

I thought the play was sort of disappointing.

Lesson 2

肯定描述一部电影或一场演出，形容词常常使用副词加强语气，比如completely或absolutely I thought the symphony was completely fabulous

I love that movie! The car chases are absolutely superb!

The orchestra was marvelous, don't you think?

否定描述一部电影或一场演出。同样注意加强语气的副词

Silent movie stars use such exaggerated facial expressions.

The acting was entirely predictable.

What a boring plot! That play was utterly unwatchable.

描述某事过度或夸张时，可使用表达over the top，whose指代Luke。

Luke's one actor whose method is over the top.

劝说他人同行去看电影或演出

It's a world-renowned ballet company.

The action scenes are totally awesome.

另一种劝说他人的方法是强调它的低成本或价值所在

The tickets are half-price.

一些有用的简短表达，可以让你的观点更有说服力

Plus, we can get popcorn and soda.

Besides, we can go to dinner afterward. That's a bonus.

回答whatever既不表示同意，也不表示拒绝，而是不在乎。

A: The theater company's the best in Chicago.

Lesson 3

叙述背景时，我们往往使用动词to take place，在告诉他人电影在影院公映时，则会使用动词to come out

The movie came out in 2013. It takes place in London in 1946.

使用类似表达来praise（称赞）一部电影

It's an absolute masterpiece.

The acting was incredible.

I found the story inspiring.

使用类似表达来criticize（批评）一部电影：

The plot's full of holes.

It was a total flop.

The acting isn't so hot.

Two thumbs down – way down.

当你不同意某人观点，或者认为他们不理解你的观点

I disagree. There's so much more to it than that.

Lesson 4

谈论performing arts（表演艺术）时

I thought the choreography [,k?r?'?gr?f?] 舞蹈编排was amazing.

The costumes were absolutely exquisite.

I found the characters fascinating.

It was well worth the money.

使用类似表达解释某物如何独特

The choreography is one of a kind.

Their performance style is unrivaled.

由于unique意为'one of a kind'，所以在词前不要使用very、really或entirely等修饰词Each puppet creates a unique shadow.

What makes this unique is the singer's background

一些其他表示事物独特的表达

There's nothing like Kabuki Theater.

I've never heard anything else like his poetry.

You won't see a symphony like this anywhere else.

Speaking:

Become more aware of disfluencies such as "how do you say" or “uh” or “um.” Instead learn discourse markers which I talk about in Expression below. Be sure to ask questions. I am here to help you and I am happy to answer any questions that you need to ask. Learn some discourse markers to use instead of using disfluencies. Discourse markers are phrases that help you sound more like a native English speaker. For example, "Well, actually...", "Now that you mention it...", and "I mean..." Discourse markers also allow you time to think of what you want to say.

1、多使用连接词，such as，moreover，besides，I mean，actually，frankly，honestly/to be honest

等等，留有时间想下一句说什么，句子之间更流畅。

Writing:

Use the correct verb forms for first- ('I recall'), second- ('you recall'), and third-person ('she recalls') subjects, and also remember to use the correct verb forms for singular ('it is') and plural ('they recall') subjects. Hence I have changed 'recall' to 'recalls'. e.g.,"…..The opera itself recalls the childhood’s memory of mine..". Article: The definite article 'the' is used to point out some particular person or thing, or one already referred to. e.g., "Kids love to listen to the story so that I had known a great many ...".

1、注意第三人称单数的动词格式，要加s

2、注意冠词the 的使用场合

Unit 5

Lesson 1

guilty的意思是为某事感到羞愧或内疚, 同时是一个法律术语，意思是对一件罪行或坏事负有责任。guilty的反义词是innocent

He was found guilty by the jury and immediately sent to jail.

After being found not guilty, she left the courtroom with her attorney.

参与法庭审判的人通常主要有judge、jury、defendant和attorneys。jury是从该地区的居民中挑选出来的一群人

t's the job of the jury to determine whether someone is guilty.

The judge is the person who controls the trial.

defendant也可称为accused（被告）。另外一个重要的单词是suspect（犯罪嫌疑人），指因罪被逮捕或被控告、但未定罪的人

The prosecuting attorney represents the government; the defense attorney represents the defendant.

The case concerns a woman charged with a robbery.

During her testimony, she admitted to killing the man.

If she is convicted of the crime, the accused could receive the death penalty.

说话人实如何重复表述传达自己观点的

What I thought was interesting about it is …

I thought that was really interesting.

Lesson 2

state意为to say，prior与earlier意思形同，notice的意思就是warning

The contract states that prior notice must be given before evicting a tenant.

Shall是一个情态动词，意义近似will。

Evict为法律用语，表示让某人搬离一间公寓或房子。tenant指租赁房地产的人。

The management shall evict any tenant for breaking the rules.

Plead在本例中意为argue或ask for。

She went before the judge to plead her case.

此处的parties是指法律合同中涉及的两人或两个团体

Both parties are required to sign the contract.

A hearing was called to determine who was responsible.

The contract was agreed upon by all parties.

Doesn't everybody break the rules sometimes?

句中强调有许多方法。一种是将句子的正常语序倒装

The police officer had never seen such a horrible crime.

Never had the police officer seen such a horrible crime.

Never had we heard such painful testimony.

其他否定副词结构包括never before、hardly、rarely、not since、at no time和not until Hardly had the trial started when the man admitted to the crime.

Rarely is a crime like this committed in our neighborhood.

Not since 1968 has a violent crime been committed in our town.

Never before had the judge become so angry in the courtroom.

有些词和短语可充当标记，表明句子的话题

Regarding the trial, the judge will set a date for jury selection.

Based upon Section 4 of the lease, the tenant cannot be evicted without two prior notices.

In reference to the stabbing, no one has been charged with the crime.

Concerning your testimony, just say what happened exactly as you remember it.

As far as the death penalty goes, she is completely against it.

With regard to your financial situation, a lawyer will be assigned to you.

Lesson 3

劳动合同中两个重要的方面是compensation（赔偿）和benefits（待遇）

The compensation is excellent: $90,000 per year.

Your benefits include a medical and dental plan. There's also a retirement plan. And you get two weeks' vacation per year.

公司常在合同中包含两个特殊条款。A confidentiality clause保护公司的秘密。A non-competition clause防止员工为竞争对手工作

Your confidentiality clause prevents you from telling anyone outside the company confidential information.

Your non-competition clause prevents you from working for a competitor if you leave the company.

在合同中，语言是极其正式的。这是一些在法律文件中使用的条件句的例子。

In the event that an employee leaves the company, he or she is prohibited from working for a competitor.

In the case that an employee is laid off, he or she shall receive three months' salary.

有时人们想着重强调一个条件适用于所有场合。他们可能使用even if或者it doesn't matter The non-competition clause remains in effect, even if we lay you off.

It doesn't matter why you leave the company. The non-competition clause remains in effect. 理解一个合同的所有细节是很重要的。做到这一点的方法是paraphrase（复述）你给出的或者得到的信息。

Yes. What it boils down to is that I can't work for competitors.

Yes. In other words, I get three months' salary when I leave.

Lesson 4

To my way of thinking, the government has passed enough laws.

Writing:

Kindly note that, in simple present tense, if the subject is the third person singular, the verb form should be 'verb+ 's' or 'es'. Hence I have changed 'ban' to 'bans' here. E.g.,"The transport agency enacts the law that bans the non-local private car from travelling into the urban area.". Word Choice: Kindly note that, 'relief' means a feeling of comfort when something frightening, worrying, or painful has ended or has not happened, 'relieve' means to reduce someone’s pain or unpleasant feelings. Hence I have changed 'relief' to 'relieve' here. E.g.,"Some people support the law because they think it will help to relieve the terrible traffic condition by cutting down the car on the road.".

1、加强对基础单词的理解和正确使用

Unit 6

Lesson 1

Once upon a time, there was a proud young woman.

The funny thing is, they keep running into each other.

It has the perfect ending– they fall in love and live happily ever after.

一般来说，在讲故事时，你应该努力保持时态的一致。如果开始用过去时，那么从一个从句或句子到下一个从句或句子，都继续使用过去时

He heard a knock at the door, so he opened it.

He couldn't believe what he saw.

讲述故事时，常常会使用进行时或过去完成时。你想改用一般现在时，让故事显得更接近现在All of the characters have eaten way too much. Suddenly, one of them burps.

He was crossing the ocean in a small boat. Suddenly, there's a huge storm.

I've been reading an amazing book. Right now, the characters are lost in a mysterious, dark forest.

可以改用现在进行时或现在完成时，表示故事中一个正在发生的转折点或复杂情况

They fall in love. Something bigger than them is bringing them together.

He said that they were meant to be together. Now he has proposed marriage.

当你想表达自己的看法时，常常从过去时变为现在时。

So he found love and his lost dog, too. Isn't that the perfect ending?

She missed her opportunity. I think that she just tends to hesitate too much.

title是书的名称。使用类似表达谈论书名：

What's the book called?

What's the title of the book?

使用这些表达描述书籍的类型

What kind of book is it?

No. Actually, it's part fantasy, part comedy

使用类似表达谈论书的情节和背景。plot是故事的梗概，setting则指时间和地点

The setting is Oklahoma during the Great Depression. It's about a farming family that leaves its home to look for a better future in California.

It's a love story about a young woman, but it's really about human behavior. It takes place in Alabama in the mid-1930s.

Lesson 2

historical fiction历史小说

satire 讽刺小说

fantasy 奇幻小说

crime 犯罪小说

graphic novels 图画小说

business journals商业期刊

trade publications行业出版物

self-help books 自助书籍

how-to books 指导书籍

谈论不同文学风格的方法：

Some people say crime fiction is trashy. I don't agree. I think it tells us about the society we live in.

Historical fiction, if it's well-written, can be absolutely gripping.扣人心弦

I'm reading this amazing political satire. It's very smart and sophisticated.

Not all graphic novels are for kids. Some of the drawings can be gritty and realistic.

使用一对比较级，描述两件相关的事物如何变化。在两个比较级前都加the

The longer you wait, the less likely it is you'll read that journal.

Absolutely. The sooner, the better!

Sure. The more, the merrier. Merry

使用类似表达，解释你觉得阅读轻松有趣的原因：

For me, reading is an escape.

Personally, I love getting lost in a good historical fiction.

The story has to pull me in, or I'll stop reading.

Sometimes I get hooked on a graphic novel, and I can't put it down till I've finished it.

使用类似表达，谈论阅读获知新闻或信息：

I read The Economy to keep on top of business news.

It helps me stay current on developments in the industry.

Computing Today is a rich source of information.

解释习惯做某事的时间和方式时，你可以使用will +动词

Whenever I find time, I'll get a blanket, curl up on the couch and just read.

Every morning, my kids will grab a bowl of cereal and read graphic novels at the table.

Lesson 3

personal enlightenment个人开悟

search for truth寻求真理

set off on a quest开始探求

a deep belief坚定的信仰

使用类似表达间接地提出建议。相比直接建议，这些表达更加巧妙。

There's nothing like a good guidebook when you're traveling.

You can't go wrong with anything written by L.J. Gibbs.

赞美常常被解读为一种建议。

It's the greatest piece of nonfiction I've read in years.

Nothing beats the biography of Rousseau.

It's amazing. I haven't read anything like it before.

另一种推荐某物的方法是使用第一条件句陈述。这巧妙地暗示，你的看法是不可争辩的事实。If you're looking for a good Italian cookbook, you can't go wrong with Bella Cipollini.

Lesson 4

media是指我们周围信息的来源，换而言之，广播电台、电视、报纸、杂志和网络

The relationship between politics and mass media is sometimes uncomfortable.

media的单数是medium，意思是'a way of communicating'

TV is still an important medium for political parties to get their messages across.

以下是一些谈论传播媒体的有用表达：

Modern communications media has totally changed my life.

On-demand media, which you can access anytime, anywhere, isn't the future – it's now. Click on the link, and a pop-up window will appear.

The screen font was too small, and he couldn't read the article.

谈论你是如何使用电子阅读工具的

Just swipe your finger, like this, to go to the next screen.

你可以在两个独立的句子之间，或者一个完整句和一个从句之间使用分号( ; )，连接两个密切相关的看法。分号可以替代诸如but和and等连词。有时，使用分号比两个独立的句子更为有效。With paper media, I use my fingers to turn a page; with electronic media, I use my fingers for swiping.

Paper books are too heavy; e-readers, too light.