英语语法大攻克--主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项
主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
（1）主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去"by…"，但原主语被强调者除外。如：
They set up this hospital in 1975. →This hospital was set up in 1975.
这所医院建于1975年。
Only he can finish the job. →只有他能完成这项工作。
The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。
（2）含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
We were told the truth by Jack.
The truth was told (to) us by Jack.有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：
A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。
1. He gave me the book just now.
The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now.
2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building.
The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.
= The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.
B. 通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有: bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。
1. He wrote her a letter. A letter was written to her.
My mother made me a skirt. A skirt was made (for me) by my mother.
五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意
以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等。下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，take，have
An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。
An accident happened yesterday.（）
The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。
This book sells well.这本书畅销。
英语被动语态的翻译举例
英语被动句的翻译举例 英语被动句翻译为汉语时，应根据具体情况灵活掌握。 1. 用“被”、“由”、“受（到）”、“挨”、“得到”、“给”、“叫……给”、“让……（给）”、 “是……的”、“为……所”、“加以”等译成汉语的被动句。例如： 1）The door was mended by him. 门被他修好了。/ 门叫（让）他给修好了。/ 门是他修的。 2）He was praised（表扬）. But we were criticized（批评；责备）. 3）The machine is used by many people. 这台机器为（被）许多人所使用。 4）The problem must be studied carefully. 这个问题必须仔细加以研究。 2. 借助句中的状语等做主语，译成汉语的主动句。例如： 1）All kinds of drinks are sold in that supermarket. 在那家超市里卖各种各样的饮料。或：那家超市卖各种各样的饮料。 2）Table tennis is played all over China. 中国各地都打乒乓球。 3．按照英语句子的主谓顺序，译成可省“被”字的汉语句。例如： 1）His homework has just been done. 他的家庭作业刚做完。 2）The food has been eaten up. 食物已吃光了。 4．成汉语的无主句。例如： 1）Soon the news was received. 不久就收到了那个消息。也可译为：不久那个消息就收到了。 2）After a while, many people were seen to run out. 过来一会儿，看到许多人跑了出来。 5. 添加“有人”、“人们”、“大家”、“我们”等泛指的主语译成汉语。或译为“据……”。 例如： 1）He was seen to take the book. 有人看见他拿走了那本书。 2）Air is known to be a mixture of gases. 人们（大家，我们）都知道空气是一种气体的混合物。 3）She is said to know nothing about it. 据说她对这件事什么也不知道。 4）It is said that …. 据说…… It is well known that …. 大家知道……；众所周知…… It is believed that …. 有人相信…… It will be said that…. 有人（将）会说…… It was reported that…据报道…… 6. 改译成主动句。例如： 1）A new dress was made for me by my mother. 我妈妈给我做了一条新裙子。 2）I was given many nice presents on my birthday. 在我的生日那天，我收到了许多漂亮的礼物。
主动语态变被动语态的几个特例
主动语态变被动语态的几个特例 一、含有双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，多数将主动句中的间接宾语变为被动句的主语，直接宾语作保留宾语；也可将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语作保留宾语，但这时保留宾语前多加介词to或for。如：He gave me a new watch.→1) I was given a new watch. 2) A new watch was given to me. 二、含有复合宾语且宾语补足语是名词的句子变为被动语态时，只能将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，宾补不可变为主语。如：They call me Jim. →I am called Jim.(不可说：Jim is called me.) 三、主语为疑问词的疑问句变为被动语态时，用“By+疑问词（宾格）”置于句首。如： Who broke the glass? →By whom was the glass broken? 四、祈使句变为被动语态时，要改为“Let +原宾语+be+过去分词”。如：Close the window. →Let the window be closed. 五、带宾语从句的复合句变为被动语态时，多用it作形式主语置于句首，原宾语从句成为真正主语（从句），从句中也需用被动语态。如：People said that Lin Feng could take good care of the baby. → It was said that the baby could be taken good care of by Lin Feng. 六、含有谓语动词know的主动句变为被动语态时，不用by短语，需by改为to。如： We all know the scientist. →The scientist is known to us all. 七、no one、nobody等否定代词作主语的句子变为被动语态时，谓语
英语翻译技巧第八节 英语被动语态的翻译
第八节英语被动语态的翻译 汉英对比，英语的被动句显然多于汉语，因为英语重视形态（形式），汉语不重视形态，重视语感。如： （1）海水不可斗量。（2）文章总算写好了。说汉语的 人自古以来有一种主体思维方式，认为“成事者必在 人”，施事者“尽在不言之中”。所以很多被动关系不必 一定用“被”字句。 一、被动语态的语义价值 第一、被动语态有强调受事者，将它置于话题(topic)的主位的语用功能。 1).Peter was robbed to pay Paul. Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul. 他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。(他剜肉补疮。） 2).The happy man cannot be harried. 吉人自有天相。 第二、被动语态有承接上句的修辞功能。 3）Many advances in computer technology took place in the twenty years after 1950.They are generally classified into four stages or generations. 第三、被动语态在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬或说话者的谦恭。 4)Where can you be reached?
在什么地方可以找到您？（请问您住在什么地方？） 5)When will I be interviewed? 我什么时候来参加面试呢？ 第四、被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题持有某种客观态度，因而比较委婉。 6)He is said to be the most respected teacher in our Department. 7)It is suggested that each speaker is alloted five minutes. 建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟。 二、被动语态的翻译问题 （一）译成汉语主动句 1、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 2、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 3、译成带表语的主动句“…的是…”或“……是……的” 4、常用被动句型的翻译 5、用“在…下”式（主动式动词+介短） （二）译成汉语被动句 1、“被…”或“给…”“让”“叫” 2、“（遭）受…” 3、“为…所” 4、“加以”“予以”“给以”
主动语态改被动语态的方法
主动语态改被动语态的方法 1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面： ①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语； ②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构； ③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况： ①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位； ②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．） 3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning． 4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．They told him to help me．→He was told to help me． 5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of． 6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．） 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
[精]主动语态变被动语态时所注意的问题
主动语态变被动语态时所注意的问题1. 把主动语态变为被动语态，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. A new computer have been bought. （错误） 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：
1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 (1) The book was showed to the class. (2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me. (2) The meat was cooked for us. (3) Some country music was played for us. 3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on. T he problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
主动语态变被动语态的方法
主动语态变被动语态的方法 1. 基本方法 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)： He stole our money.→Our money w as stolen by him. 【注】(1)若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略： The house was built in 1978. 这座房子是1978年建的。 (2)在转变语态时，要注意保持两种语态时态的一致性： The students will study the problem. →The problem will be studied by the students. A friend of ours is repairing the roof. →The roof is being repaired by a friend of ours. 2. 双宾动词的被动语态 双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，有以下两种情形值得注意： (1)有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)。比较： He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。 → She was given some money. / Some money was given to him. He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一快表。 → A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch. (2)有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)： Father made me a doll. → A doll was made for me. He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (3)有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语： He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.
主动语态变被动语态专题练习
主动语态变被动语态专题练习 一、将下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态 1.Teachers must take good care of the student. 2. Was another man-made satellite sent up into the space by them last week. 3.People plant many trees on either side of the street each year. 4.Li Lei mended the bike. 5. A famous American writer wrote the book Red Star Over China years ago. 6.Two years ago we used that machine to make shoes for children. 7. Ken is often heard to apologize to his teacher. 8.People there didn’t plant any trees last year. 9. We call him David. 10.We will plant some trees in the garden this year. 11. Do young people usually listen to pop music? 12.We should help the disabled people. 13. Jenny showed me the picture. 14.My mother gave me a dictionary as a birthday present.
(完整版)主动语态变被动语态的几种类型
主动语态变被动语态的几种类型 一、含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 有些动词，如give，tell，buy等，在句中作谓语时可有两个宾语，又称双宾语，即“间接宾语+直接宾语”结构形式。含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。一般是主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。如果直接宾语变为被动结构的主语，间接宾语之前应加介词to（可省去）或for（一般不可省）。如： 1 . My mother gave me a pen.~I was given a pen by my mother.或：A pen was given (to) me by my mother.（介词to 可省略） 2 .He told her a long story.~She was told a long story.或：A long story was told (to) her.（介词to可省略） 3.Father bought me a new coat.~I was bought a new coat.或：A new coat was bought for me.（介词for不可省略）注意：被动句中强调间接宾语时，其前的介词to 不可省去。如： This apple is given to me, not to you.这个苹果是给我的，而不是给你的。 二、含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 复合宾语指的是“宾语+宾语补足语（简称宾补）”这一结构形式。含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，只将主动结构中的宾
语变为被动结构的主语，宾语补足语保留不动。可充当宾语补足语的有名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、介词短语等等。如： 1.They call her Xiao Li.(主动结构，宾补为名词Xiao Li )~She is called Xiao LI.(被动结构) 2.They chose Tom monitor.（主动结构，宾补为名词monitor）~Tom was chosen monitor.（被动结构） 3.He told me to wait for you.（主动结构，宾补为不定式短语to wait for you）~I was told to wait for you.（被动语态） 4.I found him lying on the floor.（主动结构，宾补为现在分词短语lying on the floor)~He was found lying on the floor.（被动结构） 注意：在主动语态的句子中，谓语动词make的宾语补足语如果由动词不定式充当，则该动词不定式不带to。感官动词see，hear，watch等，也有这种用法。但当谓语动词是let时，其被动结构后的不定式仍不带to。例如： They made him go.（主动结构，宾补为不带to的不定式go)~He was made to go.（被动语态） They let John go.（主动结构）~John was let go.（被动结构） 三、含情态动词的主动结构变为被动结构
初中英语主动语态变被动语态的句子练习题及答案
被动语态 语态概述英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。女口: Many people speak English.谓语：speak 的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，女口：“他的自行车被偷了。”，再如：English is spoken by many people.主语English 是动词speak的承受者。 判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？ He ope ned the doo他开了门。( ____________ ) The door was ope ned'.l 被开了。 ( ____________ ) 二、被动语态的构成：be动词+Vp.p 被动特点强调宾，用be加上过去分。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。 1. English is ___________ (speak in Canada. 2. The blouse is ___________ (make) of silk. 3. English is ___________ (speak by many people. 谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。 1. Some stamps were _________ (steal) last week. 2. The PRC was __________ (found) on October 1, 1949. 3. Football is __________ (play) in most middle schools. 被动语态须留意，P.P前面助动be. be + P.P am (is,are) 现在时，am (is,are) +P.P was和were 表过去。was (were) +P.P 完成have (has) been。have (has) been+P.P 将来，情态，be原形。will (can,may,mus) be+P.P 进行时态两个be,前表时态后加ing。am (is,are) +being+P.P 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。三?几种常用时态的被动语态—— 1. 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词 肯定句：Bikes are __________ (sell) in that shop. 否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop. 疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. 2. —般过去时：was/were+过去分词 肯定句：He was __________ （save）in 1999.
主动语态与被动语态
主动语态与被动语态● 一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 ●二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 ●三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例: ●1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ worked ●2. 一般过去时: was / were+ worked●3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ worked ●4. 过去将来时: should / would+ worked ●5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ worked ●6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked 7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked 8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked 9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked 10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked 11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked 12. 情态动词(can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词 ●四.用法： ●当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
五. 方法： ●Many people speak English.(主动语态) ●English is spoken by many people.（被动语态） 六.注意以下问题： ● A.带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc. 用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc. ●eg. ●1. Mary gave him some books. ●He was given some books by Mary. ●Some books were given to him by Mary. ●2. Her father bought her a new bike. ●She was bought a new bike by her father. ● A new bike was bought for her by her father. ●B.带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。
5突破英文中被动语态的翻译 二
突破英文中被动语态的翻译二 动词的分配原则 中英文的总分关系 同位语的翻译 “重译法”和“抽象名词”的翻译方法 It is not known how rare this resemblance is, or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet, whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present, the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly to co genetic. 不知道这样的相似究竟有多么的稀少，或者是否最常见于硅酸盐的内含物当中，比如石
榴石，它的晶体结构总的来说从某种程度上类似于钻石，但是当存在时，这种相似就被认为是有说服力的证据，钻石和内含物确实是同源的。 It is not known that… How rare this resemblance is Or Eg. He wears a coat, a hat and a scarf. Such as garnet 例如：中国选手在跳水、乒乓球、羽毛球、体操等项目上都获得了金牌。 Whose That of diamond Is regarded as Diamond
现在尚不知这种类似稀少到何种地步，也不知道是否它最常见于像石榴石一类的硅酸盐的内含物中，而这类物质的晶体结构普遍地在某种程度上类似于金刚石的晶体结构。但一旦存在，这种类似就可以视作是极有说服力的证据，证明金刚石与内含物确实是同源的。 而 The resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly to co genetic. Beijing, the capital of China, is a very beautiful city. So, let us, in these next five days, start a long march together, not in lockstep, but on different roads leading to the same goal, the
初中英语主动语态变被动语态练习题及答案
初中英语主动语态变被动语态的句子练习题及答案 Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态: 1．We often use a recorder in our English class. 2．They will show a new film next week. 3．When did they build the house? 4．I saw the boy enter the room. 5．Will they show a new film next week? 6．Have they posted the letter yet? 7．We often see him help his classmate. 8．You must turn off the light before you go to be.d 9．Who is repairing the bike? 10．The student should learn all the texts by heart. Ⅱ.选择填空: 1.The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned 2.The workers were made ________ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 3.Food ________ in a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept 4.His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent 5.The pen ________ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing 6.Great changes ________ in the town since 1988. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place 7.Our compositions must ________ next Monday. A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in 8.The child will ________ back to his parents next month. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending 9.________ his work ________ yet? A. have…been finished B. has …been finished C. has …finished D. have…finished 10.The classroom ________ now A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned Ⅲ.用适当时态和语态的动词填空: 1．Can he ________ (speak) English? 2．What language ________ (speak) in that country? 3．The film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday. 4．These TV sets ________ (make) in SiChuan. 5．It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light? 6． A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now.
初中英语主动语态变被动语态练习题及答案
初中英语主动语态变被动语态的句子练习题及答案Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态: 1．We often use a recorder in our English class. 2．They will show a new film next week. 3．When did they build the house? 4．I saw the boy enter the room. 5．Will they show a new film next week? 6．Have they posted the letter yet? 7．We often see him help his classmate. 8．You must turn off the light before you go to be.d 9．Who is repairing the bike? 10．The student should learn all the texts by heart. Ⅱ.选择填空: 1.The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned 2.The workers were made ________ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 3.Food ________ in a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. must n’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept 4.His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent
英语被动语态的翻译策略
英语被动语态的翻译策略 【摘要】英语被动语态的使用非常广泛，汉语却相对较少使用。本文从比较英汉被动语态的表达方式与使用范围差异入手，发现英语显性形式的结构被动句使用普遍；而汉语存在“受事施动化”现象，常以主动形式表达被动意义。借用《名利场》与杨必译本这一对名著名译作为对比材料，归纳被动语态的翻译策略，并揭示翻译实践的启示。 【关键词】被动语态；英汉翻译策略；《名利场》；杨必译本 一、引言 语言的表达丰富多彩不拘一格。这也对翻译工作者提出了挑战，只有熟悉语言之间的差异，才能选择最理想的翻译策略。刘宓庆指出：“翻译实务也好、翻译研究也好、对比分析也好，思维上的选择性和批判性都是至关重要的，目的是择善从优，而这里的‘善’就是真实，‘优’就是‘适应性’（adaptability）――适应于目的、效果，适应于整体的，全局的发展”（x）。因此，翻译思维必须具有高度的选择性和批判性。译者必须丰富自己的语言能力，根据语境选择恰当的翻译策略。
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主动语态变被动语态专项练习
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主动语态变被动语态专项练习A4
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被动语态的翻译_高中英语
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