语言学教程基础测试题(一)
《语言学教程》基础测试题（一）
1.Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. (false)
2.Linguistics studies particular language, not language in general. (false)
3.The discretion between competence and performance was proposed by Chomsky.
(true)
4. A synchronic study of language is the description of language at some point in
time. (true)
https://www.360docs.net/doc/1116550082.html,nguage is arbitrary on all aspects. (false)
6.Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.
(true)
7.English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part
of tongue that is raised the highest. (false)
8. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning. (false)
9. A syllable can be divided into two parts, the nucleus and the coda. (false)
10.Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme. (false)
11.Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they
can distinguish meaning, they are said to be A.in contrast distribution.
A.in contrast distribution
B. in complementary distribution
C.allophones
D. minimal pair
12.The sound /f/ is D. voiceless labiodental fricative.
A.voiced alveolar stop
B.voiceless velar fricative
C.voiced platal affricative
D. voiceless labiodental fricative
13. A B. front vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.
A.middle
B.front
C.central
D.high
14. Discretion features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called D. suprasegmental features.
A.immediate constitute
B.semantic features
C.phonetic components
D.suprasegmental features
15. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the C. allophones of that phoneme.
A.phones
B.phonemes
C.allophones
D.sounds
16. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?
possible sentences in languages is called syntax.
23. The study of sounds used in linguistic communication is called phonetics.
24. Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use.
25. Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without obstruction of airstream.
26. English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of place of articulation.
27. When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a stop/plosive.
28. Suprasegmental features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc.
29. Phonology is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a particular language and how sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication.
30. A syllable that has no coda is called an open syllable.
《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二版课后练习题答案
《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二版练习题参考答案 Chapter 1 Introduction 1. How do you interpret the following definition of linguistics: Linguistics is the scientific study of language. 答：Linguistics is based on the systematic investigation of linguistic data, conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure. In order to discover the nature and rules of the underlying language system, the linguists has to collect and observe language facts first, which are found to display some similarities, and generalizations are made about them; then he formulates some hypotheses about the language structure. The hypotheses thus formed have to be checked repeatedly against the observed facts to fully prove their validity. In linguistics, as in any other discipline, data and theory stand in a dialectical complementation, that is, a theory without the support of data can hardly claim validity, and data without being explained by some theory remain a muddled mass of things. 2. What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study? 答：The major branches of linguistics are: (1) phonetics: it studies the sounds used in linguistic communication; (2) phonology: it studies how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication; (3) morphology: it studies the way in which linguistic symbols representing sounds are arranged and combined to form words; (4) syntax: it studies the rules which govern how words are combined to form grammatically permissible sentences in languages;
(完整版)胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案
胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题 第一章：语言学导论 I. Choose the best answer. (20%) 1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human A. contact C. relation B. communication D. community 2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? A. tree C. crash B. typewriter D. bang 3. The function of the sentence “ Waterboils at 100 degrees Centigrade. i”s A. interrogative C. informative B. directive D. performative 4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say “碎碎(岁岁)平安”asa means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform? A. Interpersonal C. Performative B. Emotive D. Recreational 5. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability C. Displacement B. Duality D. Arbitrariness 6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? —A nice day, isn 't it? Right! I really enjoy the sunlight. A. Emotive C. Performative B. Phatic D. Interpersonal 7. __________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language usesr knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances. A. Performance C. Langue B. Competence D. Parole 8. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now.
语言学教程测试题及答案
Chapter 1 Introductions to Linguistics I. Choose the best answer. (20%) 1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human __________ A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community 2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary？ A. tree B. typewriter C. crash D. bang 3. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.” is __________. A. interrogative（疑问） B. directive C. informative D. performative 4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say“碎碎（岁岁）平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform？ A. Interpersonal B. Emotive C. Performative√ D. Recreational 5. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation？ A. Transferability B. Duality C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness 6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language？ —A nice day, isn’t it？ — Right! I really enjoy the sunlight. A. Emotive B. Phatic C. Performative D. Interpersonal 7. __________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances. A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole 8. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now. It couldn’t be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of __________. A. cultural transmission B. productivity C. displacement D. duality 9. __________ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language. A. Psycholinguistics linguistics C. Sociolinguistics D. Applied linguistics 10. __________ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguistics C. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguistics II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%) 11. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not 12. Language change is universal, ongoing and ？ 13. Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication ？ 14. Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all
语言学教程(胡壮麟版)综合测试题含标准答案
语言学教程（胡壮麟版）综合测试题含标准答案 英语语言学试卷 （一） 第一部分选择题 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%) 1.Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________. A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication. A.
语言学教程Chapter 3练习题
Chapter 3：Lexicon I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 2.Words are the smallest meaningful units of language. 3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology. 4. The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free morphemes. 5. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes. 6. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case. 7. The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, which can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself. 8. Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning of it. 9. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words formed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words. 10. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress. II. Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given: 11. M ____ is the smallest meaningful unit of language. 12. The affix “-ish” in the word boyish conveys a g____ meaning. 13. B___________ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. 14. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and d__________ affixes. 15. D________ affixes are added to an existing form to create words. 16. A s______ is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may case change its part of speech.
《语言学教程》(修订版)复习测试题(1-12章,含答案)
胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题(1-12章，含答案） Chapter 1 Introductions to Linguistics I. Choose the best answer. (20%) 1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human ___ B_______ A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community 2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? A A. tree B. typewriter C. crash D. bang 3. The function of the sentence ―Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.‖ is _____C____. A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative 4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say―碎碎（岁岁）平安‖as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform? C_ A. Interpersonal B. Emotive C. Performative D. Recreational 5. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? C A. Transferability B. Duality C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness 6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?B —A nice day, isn’t it? — Right! I really enjoy the sunlight. A. Emotive B. Phatic C. Performative D. Interpersonal 7. _______A___ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances. A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole 8. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now. It couldn’t be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of ______C____. A. cultural transmission B. productivity C. displacement D. duality 9. ____A______ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language. A. Psycholinguistics B.Anthropological linguistics C. Sociolinguistics D. Applied linguistics 10. _______C___ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguistics C. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguistics I. Choose the best answer. (20%) 1. Pitch variation is known as ______A____ when its patterns are imposed on sentences. A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice 2. Conventionally a _____C_____ is put in slashes (/ /).
胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题和答案
第一章：语言学导论 L Choose the best answer. (20%) 1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human __________ A. contact C. relation B. communication D? community 2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? A. tree C. crash B. typewriter D? bang 3. Tlie function of the sentence "Water boils at 100 degiees Centigiade/' is A. inteirogative C? infoirnative B. directive D. performative 4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say^碎碎(岁岁)平安"as a means of controlling the forces wliicli they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform? A. Interpersonal C. Performative B. Emotive D. Recreational 5. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability C?Displacement B. Duality D. Arbitrariness 6. Study the following dialogue? What function does it play according to the functions of language? —A nice day, isn't it? —Right! I really enjoy the sunlight. A. Emotive C. Performative B. Phatic D. Interpersonal 7. __________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language usei^s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances. A. Performance C? Langue B. Competence D. Parole 8.When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now? It couldn't be sonowfiil for some lost love or lost bone? Tliis indicates the design feature of __________ . A. cultural transmission B. productivity C. displacement D. duality 胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试,
胡壮麟《语言学教程》(修订版)测试题——第二章：语音
胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题——第二章：语音 Chapter 2 Speech Sounds I. Choose the best answer. (20%) 1~5 ACDAA6~10 DBABB 1. Pitch variation is known as __________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences. A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice 2. Conventionally a __________ is put in slashes (/ /). A. allophone B. phone C. phoneme D. morpheme 3. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are __________ of the p phoneme. A. analogues B. tagmemes C. morphemes D. allophones 4. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as __________. A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula 5. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as __________ diphthongs. A. wide B. closing C. narrow D. centering 6. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called __________. A. minimal pairs B. allomorphs C. phones D. allophones 7. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds? A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phonetics C. Auditory phonetics D. None of the above 8. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation? A. [n] B. [m] C. [ b ] D. [p] 9. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels? A. [i:] B. [ u ] C. [e] D. [ i ] 10. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? A. V oiceless B. V oiced C. Glottal stop D. Consonant IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%) 31. Sound assimilation: Speech sounds seldom occur in isolation. In connected speech, under the influence of their neighbors, are replaced by other sounds. Sometimes two neighboring sounds influence each other and are replaced by a third sound which is different from both original sounds. This process is called sound assimilation. 32. Suprasegmental feature: The phonetic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features; these are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence. The main suprasegmental ones includes stress, intonation, and tone. 33. Complementary distribution: The different allophones of the same phoneme never occur in the same phonetic context. When two or more allophones of one phoneme never occur in the same linguistic environment they are said to be in complementary distribution. 34. Distinctive features: It refers to the features that can distinguish one phoneme from another. If we can group the phonemes into two categories: one with this feature and the other without, this feature is called a distinctive feature.
语言学教程(第四版) 练习题
语言学教程（第四版）测试题 Quiz 1 Lexicon I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false: 1. Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. T 2. Words are the smallest meaningful units of language. F 3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology. T 4. The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free morphemes. T 5. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes. T 6. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case. T 7. The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, which can be a bound root or a free morpheme. F 8. Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning of it. F 9. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words formed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words. F 10. Loanwords are: both form and meaning are borrowed. T II. Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given: 11. Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language. 12. The affix “-ish” in the word boyish conveys a grammatical meaning. 13. Bound morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. 14. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and derivational affixes. 15. Derivational affixes are added to an existing form to create words. 16. A suffix is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may case change its part of speech. 17. Compounding is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words. 18. The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word are called morphological rules. 19. In terms of morphemic analysis, derivation can be viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words. 20. A stem can be a bound root or a free morpheme to which an inflectional affix can be added. III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement: 21. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) _____. A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme 22. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound _____. A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase D. None of the above
胡壮麟《语言学教程》(修订版)测试题——第四章：句法
Chapter 4 Syntax I. Choose the best answer. (20%) 1~5 DCDDD 6~10 ADDBA 1. The sentence structure is ________. A. only linear B. only hierarchical C. complex D. both linear and hierarchical 2. The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite 3. The ________ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences. A. lexical B. morphological C. linguistic D. combinational 4. A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammati-cal knowledge in the mind of native speakers. A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical 5. A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A. coordinator B. particle C. preposition D. subordinator 6. Phrase structure rules have ____ properties. A. recursive B. grammatical C. social D. functional 7. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________. A. how words and phrases form sentences. B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. all of the above. 8. The hea d of the phrase “the city Rome” is __________. A. the city B. Rome C. city D. the city Rome 9. The phrase “on the shelf” belongs to __________ construction. A. endocentric B. exocentric C. subordinate D. coordinate 10. The sentence “They were wanted to remain quiet and not to expose themselves.” is a __________ sentence. A. simple B. coordinate C. compound D. complex