高考英语二轮复习短文语法填空中常见构词法总结
2020届二轮复习短文语法填空中常见构词法总结
(4)-ness结尾的名词:
adj.—n.
意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness
苦bitter—bitterness 盲目blind—blindness
冷静 calm—calmness 聪明 clever—cleverness
疯狂crazy—craziness 渴望 eager—eagerness
公平fair—fairness 愚蠢 foolish—foolishness
适合 fit—fitness 幸福/愉快happy—happiness
疾病ill—illness 友好 kind—kindness
懒惰 lazy—laziness 孤独lonely—loneliness
宁静 quiet—quietness 悲伤 sad—sadness
严重性 serious—seriousness 甜美sweet—sweetness 稳定 steady—steadiness 厚度thick—thickness
累 tired—tiredness 弱点 weak—weakness
冷/冷淡 cold—coldness
惶恐不安nervous—nervousness
思乡 homesick—homesickness
粗心careless—carelessness自私selfish—
selfishness
无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness
无助/无望helpless—helplessness/hopeless—hopelessness (5)-age结尾的名词:
婚姻marry—marriage 短缺short—shortage
储存store—storage 包裹pack—package
车厢carry—carriage 通道pass—passage
(6)-th结尾的名词:
温暖warm—warmth 真理true—truth
死亡dead—death 成长grow—growth
(7)-ure结尾的名词:
快乐please—pleasure 离开depart—departure
暴露expose—exposure 压力press—pressure
失败fail—failure 混合mix—mixture
签名sign—signature
(8)-ce结尾的名词:
adj.—n.
缺席 absent—absence 出席present—presence
信心confident—confidence 方便convenient—convenience
不同different—difference 勤奋diligent—diligence
远的/距离distant—distance
明显的/证据evident—evidence
优秀excellent—excellence重要important—importance
独立 independent—independence
天真/无辜innocent—innocence
智力 intelligent—intelligence 公正 just—justice 耐心patient—patience 浪漫 romantic—romance
沉默silent—silence 暴力violent—violence v.—n.
冒犯 offend—offence
防御 defend—defense(AmE)—defence(BrE)
建议 advise—advice 设施 devise—device
(9)-dom结尾的名词:
自由free—freedom 王国king—kingdom
智慧wise—wisdom
(10)-hood结尾的名词:
孩童时代childhood 男孩时代boyhood
邻里neighborhood
(11)-ship结尾的名词:
所有权ownership 锦标赛championship
友谊friendship 手艺craftsmanship
奖学金scholarship 领导才能leadership
艰难hardship 关系relationship
(12)-ing结尾的名词:
农业farming 变暖warming
园艺gardening 学业schooling
绘画painting 意思meaning
绘画drawing 训练training
录音tape-recording 衣物clothing
感觉feeling 十字路口crossing
工资earnings 问候greeting
储蓄savings 所发生的事情happenings
发现findings 财产belongings
痛苦suffering 贡品offering
环境surroundings 保龄球bowling
举重weight-lifting 射击shooting
摔跤wrestling
2.变形容词
(1)-y结尾的形容词:
n.—adj.
阳光灿烂的sun—sunny 多雨的rain—rainy
被雪覆盖的snow—snowy 有风的wind—windy
有暴风雨的storm—stormy 寒冷的chill—chilly
多雾的fog—foggy 有霜的frost—frosty
冰冷的ice—icy 阴沉的gloom—gloomy
布满星星的star—starry 泥泞的mud—muddy
布满灰尘的dust—dusty 脏的dirt—dirty
健康的health—healthy 富有的wealth—wealthy
霸道的boss—bossy 臭的smell—smelly
美味的taste—tasty 咸的salt—salty
皮包骨的skin—skinny 贪婪的greed—greedy
迅速的speed—speedy 狡猾的/棘手的trick—tricky v.—adj.
爱挑剔的choose—choosy/pick—picky
黏的stick—sticky 悦耳易记的 catch—catchy
害怕的 scare—scary 滑溜的slip—slippery
(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:
n.—adj.
全球的globe—global 文化的 culture—cultural
农业的 agriculture—agricultural 情景的situation—situational
有条件的 condition—conditional
环境的environment—environmental
化学的chemistry—chemical 医学的medicine—medical 原始的origin—original 政治的politics—political
实际的practice—practical理论的theory—theoretical
音乐的 music—musical 感情的 emotion—emotional
国家的nation—national 自然的nature—natural
个人的person—personal 偶尓的occasion—occasional 精神上的mind—mental 身体上的physics—physical
偶然的accident—accidental
教育的education—educational
技术上的technique—technical
心理上的 psychology—psychological
沿海的 coast—coastal
种族的race—racial 面部的 face—facial
工业的industry—industrial金融的finance—financial
商业的commerce—commercial 官方的office—official 有益的 benefit—beneficial 典型的type—typical
有影响的 influence—influential
(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:
感激的thank—thankful=grateful
充足的plenty—plentiful 美丽的 beauty—beautiful
成功的success—successful 可怕的awe—awful
忠实的faith—faithful 和平的 peace—peaceful
高兴的 joy—joyful/cheer—cheerful=enjoyable
非常干净的spot—spotless
无休止的end—endless 无家可归的 home—homeless
无工作的 job—jobless=unemployed
身无分文的penny—penniless
无私的 self—selfless=unselfish
无目标的 aim—aimless
无线的 wire—wireless 无限的 limit—limitless
珍贵的/无价的price—priceless=invaluable
毫无价值的 value—valueless/worth—worthless
无语的 speech—speechless
上气不接下气的breath—breathless
小心的,粗心的 care—careful,careless
多彩的,无色的color—colorful,colorless
有用的,无用的use—useful,useless
成果丰硕的,无成效的fruit—fruitful,fruitless
强大的,无能力的power—powerful,powerless
有意义的,无意义的meaning—meaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless
痛苦的,不痛的pain—painful,painless
后悔的,无悔的regret—regretful,regretless
有害的,无害的harm—harmful,harmless
闲适宁静的,躁动不安的rest—restful,restless
优雅的,粗鲁的grace—graceful,graceless
抱有希望的,无望的hope—hopeful,hopeless
有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的 help—helpful,helpless
考虑周到的/不周到的 thought—thoughtful,thoughtless
(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:
n.—adj.
许多的number—numerous
多山的mountain—mountainous
冒险的adventure—adventurous 紧张的 nerve—nervous
有毒的 poison—poisonous 危险的danger—dangerous 灾难的disaster—disastrous小心的caution—cautious
营养的nutrition—nutritious宗教的religion—religious
宽敞的 space—spacious
有抱负的ambition—ambitious神秘的mystery—mysterious
(5)-able,-(s)ible 结尾的形容词:
(不)可预见的 predict—(un)predictable
(不)可避免的 avoid—(un)avoidable
(不)可忘的forget—(un)forgettable
(不)想要的desire—(un)desirable (不)舒服的comfort—(un)comfortable 有(不)利的favor—(un)favorable (不)合适的suit—(un)suitable
(不)可忍受的bear—(un)bearable (不)可忍受的endure—(un)endurable (不)可信的believe—(un)believable (不)可信的credit—(in)credible (不)可接近的 access—(in)accessible 看(不)见的view—(in)visible
(不)可治愈的cure—(in)curable
支付得起的afford—affordable
适应力强的adapt—adaptable
可更新的renew—renewable
便携的port—portable
多变的change—changeable
可吃的eat—eatable
可依靠的rely—reliable
可行的 work—workable
有价值的value—valuable
合理的reason—reasonable
高兴的enjoy—enjoyable
流行的 fashion—fashionable
(6)-tive结尾的形容词:
v.—adj.
多产的produce—productive迷人的attract—attractive
有创造力的create—creative保护的protect—protective
预防性的prevent—preventative健谈的talk—talkative
可供替代的alter—alternative相关的relate—relative
有教育意义的instruct—instructive
有竞争力的compete—competitive
n.—adj.
有效的effect—effective 贵的expense—expensive (7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词:
系统的system—systematic科学的science—scientific
戏剧般的drama—dramatic
浪漫的 romance—romantic
有同情心的 sympathy—sympathetic
精力充沛的energy—energetic
(8)-en结尾的形容词:
羊毛的 wool—woolen
金色的 gold—golden
木制的 wood—wooden
(9)以-some结尾的形容词:
英俊的 hand—handsome 令人惊叹的 awe—awesome
令人烦恼的 trouble—troublesome
烦人的 tire—tiresome
(10)-ly结尾的形容词:
致命的dead—deadly 活跃的 live—lively
友好的 friend—friendly 兄弟般的brother—brotherly 有次序的 order—orderly 昂贵的 cost—costly
每月的month—monthly 每天的day—daily
3.变动词
(1)-fy结尾的动词:
净化pure—purify 简化simple—simplify
美化 beautiful—beautify 使合理化 just—justify
使恐惧terrible—terrify 使震惊horrible—horrify
合格化quality—qualify 分类class—classify
(2)-ize结尾的动词:
adj.—v.
认识到 real—realize 使现代化modern—modernize
使工业化industrial—industrialize
使普及 popular—popularize 集权central—centralize 使全球化global—globalize使理想化ideal—idealize
使稳定 stable—stabilize 使正常化normal—normalize 社会化social—socialize使专门化special—specialize
n.—v.
使物质化material—materialize
总结summary—summarize
记忆memory—memorize
(3)-en结尾的动词:
变暗dark—darken 加快quick—quicken
削尖 sharp—sharpen 削弱 weak—weaken
松开 loose—loosen 变紧 tight—tighten
软化 soft—soften 使更明亮bright—brighten
恶化 bad—worsen 减少little—lessen
减轻/变亮light—lighten 变黑black—blacken
加宽broad—broaden 缩短 short—shorten adj.—n.—v.
加深deep—depth—deepen加长long—length—lengthen
加宽wide—width—widen 加高high—height—heighten 加强 strong—strength—strengthen
(4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化):
n.—v.
洗澡bath—bathe 呼吸breath—breathe
给……穿衣cloth—clothe
(二)前缀法
1.超过over-:
无意中听到overhear 超过overtake
睡过头oversleep 推翻overthrow/overturn
人口过剩overpopulation 克服overcome
忽略/俯视overlook
2.重新re-:
康复/找回recover 脱(衣服等)/移开remove
续借/更换/续签renew 回收利用recycle
替代replace 使恢复精力 refresh
改革 reform 复习review
3.前的fore-:
预告 foretell 前额 forehead
预报forecast 预知 foresee
4.前的pre-:
前提precondition 预告 predict
战前的 pre-war 幼儿园preschool
预演preview
5.前的ex-:
前妻ex-wife 前总统 ex-president
6.后的post-:
战后的 post-war 研究生 postgraduate
7.多的multi-:
多媒体的multimedia 多元文化的multicultural 多项选择的 multiple-choice
8.远的tele-:
电话telephone 电视television
电报telegram 电信telecommunications
望远镜telescope
9.相互的inter-:
面试interview 国际的international
互联网Internet 相互作用 interact
10.微小的micro-:
麦克风microphone 微波microwave
微软microsoft 显微镜microscope
11.自动的auto-:
汽车automobile 自传autobiography
亲笔签名autograph 自动地automatically
12.副的vice-:
副总统 vice-president 副总理 vice-premier 13.生态的 eco-:
生态学 ecology 生态系统 ecosystem
生态友好的 eco-friendly
14.中国的Sino-:
中日的Sino-Japanese 中石化 Sinopec
15.潜/次一级 sub-:
潜意识(的)subconscious 亚热带的 subtropical 地铁subway 潜水艇submarine
郊区的suburban 副标题subtitle
16.半semi-:
半熟练的 semi-skilled 半决赛semi-final 17.三tri-:
三轮车tricycle 三角形 triangle
18.横跨trans-:
转移 transfer 转变transform
传播transmit 移植 transplant
(三)否定的前缀或后缀
1.in-,im-/il-,ir-
不活跃的inactive 不贵的 inexpensive
缺乏经验的 inexperienced 随便的 informal
不完整的incomplete 不方便的inconvenient 独立的independent 间接的indirect
不重要的 insignificant
无能力的 incapable/incompetent
不合适的improper/inappropriate
不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact
不充足的inadequate/insufficient
不成熟的immature 不耐烦的impatient
不完美的imperfect 不可能的impossible
不礼貌的impolite 不合逻辑的illogical
不合法的illegal 不规则的irregular
不负责的 irresponsible
2.un-
不寻常的unusual 不安的uneasy
不公平的unfair/unjust
不知道的unaware/unconscious
不确定的uncertain 不受欢迎的unpopular
不普通的uncommon 不愉快的unpleasant
不重要的unimportant 不必要的unnecessary 不成功的unsuccessful 没被注意的unnoticed 不整洁的untidy 不合理的unreasonable
未完成的 unfinished/undone
脱衣 undress 打开unfold
卸车unload 开……的锁 unlock
解冻unfreeze 出土/挖掘 unearth
拧开unscrew 解开undo/unpack
揭露uncover
3.dis-
消失disappear 不鼓励discourage
揭露 disclose 发现discover
不同意 disagree 不同意 disapprove
不服从disobey 不诚实的dishonest
不满意的dissatisfied 可耻的 disgraceful
弱点disadvantage 紊乱disorder
4.mis-
误导(v.)mislead 误导的(adj.)misleading
误解(v.)misunderstand 滥用 misuse
误解(n.)misunderstanding 拼错 misspell
不信任 mistrust
5.anti-
防空的anti-aircraft 防冻剂antifreeze
抗日战争 Anti-Japanese War 反社会的antisocial 6.de-
降级 degrade 减少decrease
贬值 devalue 解冻 defrost
毁林 deforestation
7.ill-
虐待ill-treat 信息不足的ill-informed
不礼貌的 ill-mannered 不合时宜的ill-timed
不合适的ill-fitting 没教养的 ill-bred
考虑欠周的ill-considered 时运不济的ill-fated 非法得到的ill-gotten 不健康 ill health
8.non-
非营利的non-profit 直达的non-stop
不吸烟者non-smoker 防滑的non-slip
废话nonsense 非暴力non-violence
不可再生资源 non-renewable resources
9.-free
无忧无虑的carefree 无利息的 interest-free
免税的duty-free
10.-proof
防水的 waterproof 防震的 shockproof
二、转化
(一)动词与名词的转换:
如:1.倒退(v.)He backed his car into the garage.
支持(v.)You are not alone,and we are all backing you.
背后(n.)She’s the kind of person who talks about you behind your back.
2.领导(v.)He headed the rebellion.
使……对着某处行进(v.)He headed his boat for the shore.
头(n.)He was shot in the head,dead.
3.缺乏(v.)I lack words with which to express my thanks.
缺乏(n.)Lack of proper funding is making our job more difficult.
(二)动词与形容词的转换:
如:1.越过(v.)The dog succeeded in clearing the fence.
清理(v.)He cleared the table by taking plates,forks and knives away.
清楚的(adj.)To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be very difficult.
2.打扫(v.)Your shoes need cleaning.
干净的(adj.)Try to keep your room clean and tidy.
3.意味着(v.)What do you mean by saying that?
吝啬的(adj.)He has always been mean with his money.
(三)形容词与名词的转换:
身体好的/井 well 好的/罚款 fine
公平的/展览会 fair 主要的/首领 chief
耐心的/病人 patient 安全的/保险箱 safe
坚定的/公司 firm 稳定的/马厩stable
相对的/亲戚relative 平淡的/平原plain
满意的/内容content 具体的/混凝土concrete
三、合成
1.合成形容词
(1)adj.+present participle
漂亮的good-looking 闻着芳香的sweet-smelling
随和的easy-going 长相一般的ordinary-looking (2)adv.+present participle
永久的ever-lasting 职位高的high-ranking
畅销货best-selling goods=bestseller
(3)adv.+past participle
著名的well-known 新婚的 newly-married
本地制造的locally-produced 坚信的firmly-believed 密切相关的closely-related广泛接受的widely-accepted
穿着随意的informally-dressed容易形成的easily-formed
牢固的 strongly-built 高度发达的highly-developed 人口稠密的densely-populated正式发行的officially-released
2017高三英语40篇语法填空题(高考新题型)
40篇英语短文语法填空题 1. Fall in Love with English 1 (hide) behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk 2 there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this 3 h e was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through 4 any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and 5 (dislike) joining in English classes because he thought his teacher ignored him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never added up 6 over 60. His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly 7 he was suffering from, but entirely 8 (agree) with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle 9 problem, she talked with him face to face and swapped a series of learning tips with him. The items she set down helped him find the highway to 10 (study) English well. The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words.Now, he has recovered from being upset and has fallen in love with English. 2. Different Countries Have Different Kinds of Englishes V oyages of people from England play an important part in spreading 1 English language. At present, English is frequently spoken 2 an official or common language in many countries, such as America, Singapore, Malaysia and some African countries. All 3 (base) on British English, the English spoken in these countries can 4 (understand) well by native English speakers. But actually, these Englishes 5 （change）gradually in accents, spellings, expressions and the 6 (use) of vocabulary. Because of this fact, you can make use of the differences to tell 7 country the foreigners of your block are from. For example, if a boss fluently commands 8 driver, ―Come up straight to my apartment by elevator 9 take some gas for my trucks and cabs‖, instead of requesting, ―Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis‖, you can recognize his American identity, 10 the latter suggests that he is British. 3. A Hard Trip My sister was fond of traveling. Ever since graduating, she 1 (determine) to organize a trip to an old temple. Since transporting fare was expensive, she decided to use a bicycle to cycle there not 2 (care) about the disadvantages. 3 stubborn attitude was always her shortcoming. Once she made up her mind to do something, no one could persuade her to change her mind. Finally, we gave in 4 usual though we preferred to take a train. 5 we prepared everything, including the schedule, 6 (rely) weather forecast and the insurance, we began our trip. Our journey was along a river 7 (flow) from a high altitude. Our pace was slow because the river frequently had many sharp bends through deep valleys, 8 the water seemed to boil. Just as I recorded in my journal, it was really 9 hard
2020高考英语语法填空全归纳
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高考英语语法填空必备词汇总结 ability 能力-able 能够的-unable 无能力的-ably 精明能干地-disable 使残废; absence 缺席-absent 缺席的-absently 漫不经心; admit 承认-admission 承认-admitted 公认的; Africa 非洲-African 非洲人-African 非洲的,非洲人的; analyze 分析-analysis 分析-analytic 分析的-analytically 分析地; anger 愤怒-angry 生气的-angrily 生气地; annoy 惹恼-annoyance 烦恼-annoying 讨厌的/annoyed 恼怒的-annoyingly 烦人地; anxiety 渴望-anxious 焦虑的-anxiously 焦 虑地; 给予财富-fortune 财富,好运,命运-fortunate 幸运的- unfortunate(反)-fortunately 幸运地-unfortunately(反) France 法国-French 法国的,法语的 free 释放-freedom 自由-free 自由的,空闲的-freely 自由地,免费地 freeze(使)结冰, 冻结-freezer 冷 藏库制冷工-freezant 冷冻剂-freezing 极冷的-frozen 冰冻的frequent 频繁-frequency 频率-frequent 频繁的-frequently 频繁地换 friend 朋友-friendship 友谊, 友好-riendly 友好的,友谊 的 frighten 使害怕- frightened 受惊吓的-frightening 令人害怕的-frighteningly 吓人地 gentleness 温和,高贵- gentle 文雅的-gently 文雅地 3 general 上将,常规,一般-general 一般的,综合的,概括的,大体的-generally 一般地,通常 German 德国人,德语-Germany 德国-German 德国的, 德国人的词 glory 荣誉,光荣-glorious 光荣的-gloriously 光荣地 govern 统治,管理-government 政府-governor 管理者 gratitude 感谢的心情- grateful 感激的-gratefully 感激地 greed 贪欲,贪婪-greediness 贪吃,贪欲-greedy 贪吃的,贪婪的, 渴望的-greedily 贪婪地 grow 变得,种植growth 生长,成长 happiness 幸福-happy 快乐的,幸福的-happily 幸福地 hardship 困苦,艰难,辛苦-hard 硬的,坚固的hard 努力地 harm 伤害,损害-harm 伤害,损害-harmful 有害的- harmfully 有害地 harmony 和谐,协调,融洽-harmonious 和谐的,协
高考英语构词法
高考英语构词法，英语讲授，词汇学习技巧 How Words Are Formed When we learn English, it is very, very important to know how English words are formed. Once we know this, we can learn words easily. English people add "heads" or "tails" to words. The word without a head nor a tail is called root. Usually the head is called prefix, while the tail is called suffix. Prefixes There are some prefixes you can add to some words to form new words. For example, mis- can be added to some verbs, meaning "wrong" or "wrongly". I can understand my English teacher well. means I often know what my English teacher says in class. But I misunderstood him. means I failed to understand him correctly. Adding prefixes is a very common way to form a new word. Most often, we have the following prefixes: in- (im-, il-, ir-): the opposite of something independent: an independent person is someone who does not depend on someone else; an independent country is a country which is not controlled by other country or countries; an independent organisation is an organisation that is not controlled or run by another organisation or government. inaccessible: access is the way or possibility of coming to a place or person. Accessible means "able to be reached". Inaccessible means "very difficult or impossible to go to": Mount Qomolangma (the highest place of Himalayas) is one of the most inaccessible places. impossible: not possible illegal: legal means "allowed by laws", so illegal means "not allowed by laws". irregular: regular means "happening every hour, every minute, etc.", so irregular means "not happening every hour, etc.". tele-: at or over a long distance television: something you can see, and something that comes to you over a long distance (vision meaning "something you can see") telecommunication: the communication you can do over a long distance, like phone call, email, etc. teleconference: a meeting which is carried out over a long distance, for example by telephone, or other ways like television. telephone: phone is a Greek word meaning "sound" or "voice", so everybody knows this word telephone. inter-: between or involving two or more people, places, countries, etc. internet: the Internet is a system which allows millions of millions of computer users to exchange information. Net is something we use to catch fish, etc., and a net is usually made of threads or other similar things like wires that are woven across each other. The way the Internet works is quite similar to "net", so maybe this is the reason people use net to form this word. Another word quite similar is web: a web is something like a net.
高考英语大纲语法梳理
高考英语大纲语法梳理 ★合成法 英语构词法中把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词，这样的方法就是合成法。 1 合成名词 ⒈名词＋名词 weekend周末 ⒉名词＋动词 daybreak黎明 ⒊名词＋动名词 handwriting书法 ⒋名词＋及物动词＋er／or pain-killer止痛药 ⒌名词＋介词＋名词 sister-in-law嫂子 ⒍代词＋名词 she-wolf母狼 ⒎动词＋名词 typewriter打字机 ⒏动名词＋名词 reading-room阅览室 ⒐现在分词＋名词
flying-fish飞鱼 ⒑形容词＋名词freshman大一新生 ⒒副词＋动词 outlook景色，风光 ⒓介词＋名词afterbrain后脑 2 合成形容词 ⒈名词＋形容词bloodred血红的 ⒉名词＋现在分词French-speaking讲法语的⒊名词＋to＋名词 one-to-one一对一的 ⒋名词＋过去分词man-made人造的 ⒌数词＋名词 one-way单行道的 ⒍数词＋名词＋形容词three-year-old三岁的 ⒎数词＋名词＋ed ten-storeyed十层的
⒏动词＋副词 one-off 一次性的 ⒐形容词＋名词 high-quality高质量的 ⒑形容词＋名词＋ed noble-minded高尚的 ⒒形容词＋形容词 light-green浅绿色的 ⒓形容词＋现在分词ordinary-looking相貌一般的⒔副词＋形容词 ever-green常青的 ⒕副词＋现在分词 hard-working辛勤的 ⒖副词＋过去分词 well-known著名的 ⒗副词＋名词 fast-food专门提供快餐服务的⒘介词＋名词 indoor室内的 3 合成动词 ⒈名词＋动词