国际商务英语-名词解释doc资料

国际商务英语-名词解

释

Lesson 1

Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)

Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.

FDI( foreign direct investments) is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.

Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.

Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.

Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.

Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.

Franchising特许经营: a firm called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.

Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.

Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.

Management contract管理合同: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.

Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing , contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion .

International investment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.

International business国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.

BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project , a firm operate a facility for a period of time after bulding it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company .

Lesson 2

GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.

GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.

Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.

Income distribution收入分布: The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.

capability at/in cost for/of at reasonable costs levied on take into account without reference to (不针对) make efforts to engage in

Lesson 3

Free trade area自由贸易区: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policy

Customs union关税同盟: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy Common market共同市场: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy.

Economic Union (EU)经济同盟: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.

Lesson 4

Parent MNC headquarter跨国公司母公司，总部is the original investing multinational corporation . It is also the international headquarters of the MNE .

MNC跨国公司=TNC: Multinational corporation, are made up of vast numbers of foreign subsidiaries, companies in which over 50 percent is owned by the parent company.

MNE跨国企业: Multinational enterprise: A typical multinational enterprise shall be defined as a business organization which owns (whether wholly or partly), controls and manages assets, often including productive resources, in more than one country, through its member companies incorporated separately in each of these countries. Each member company is known as a multinational corporation.

Home county母国: The country where the headquarter of the investor is located.

Host country东道国: The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates.

Lesson 5

Absolute advantage绝对利益: It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)

Comparative advantage比较利益: Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.

International trade国际贸易: The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.

Primary commodities：those commodities not processed，or only slightly processed，usually farm produce or raw materials.

Specialization专业化: To restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields.

Lesson 6

Import duties进口关税: Tariffs levied on goods entering an area

Export duties出口关税: Taxes levied on goods leaving an area

Tariff关税: A tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a custom area.

Quota配额: A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers.

Drawback退税: Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.

Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠国待遇: A tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country

Contract proper：the main body of a contract

Lesson 7

Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则: It is a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade. Thus, the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree.

Trade terms are terms used in international trade to describe the general information about the trade, such as the unit price port of shipment, port of destination and the kind of currency.

Protectionism is a trade barrie r to international trade for the purpose of protecting a nation’s own domestic market and industries. It includes tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.

A multinational enterprise is a business organization which owns, controls and manages assets, in more than one country, through its member companies incorporated.

Multi-model transportation:

Lesson 8

Inquiry / enquiry询盘、询价: It is made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.

Quotation报盘: Estimate of how much something will cost

Counter offer还盘: New offer made by the original offeree to the original offerer

Offeree收盘人：

A first enquiry首次询价: An enquiry sent to an exporter whom the importer has never dealt with

A contract一个合同: An agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties

A firm offer 一个实盘: Statement that you are willing to pay a certain amount of money to by something.

Force majeure不可抗力: is a default of the contract which is given rise to not because of the contracting parties’ default, but of the uncontrollable causes. One type of the cause is the natural force and the other is social cause. Or social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party

Lesson 9

Hyperinflation极度通货膨胀is a kind of inflation in which the market prices are soaring quickly. The devaluation rate of the currency is astronomical. The normal economic activities are out of the order, and finally lead to the collapse of the whole monetary system.

inflation :Rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc

Devaluation贬值

Barter易货贸易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.

Counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易: The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.

Buyback回购贸易: An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.

Lesson 10

Remittance 汇付: This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each other

Documentary draft跟单汇票: The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.

Documentary collection跟单托收: It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.

Payee收款人、领款人: The person receiving the payment.

Sight draft即期汇票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.

Usance draft远期汇票Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.

Draft汇票:= Bill of exchange. It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.

Drawer出票人: The person who draws the draft (usually the exporter)

Drawee受票人: The person to whom the draft is drawn.

Clean draft光票: The draft without documents

Lesson 11

Applicant (Opener or Principal)申请人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer)

applicant of an L/C :The importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C

Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)开证行: The bank that issues the credit.

Opening bank: the bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank .

Beneficiary受益人:The exporter in whose favor the credit is opened

Correspondent band往来行、关系行:Th e bank in the exporter’s country, which the opening bank sends the credit to it Advising bank通知行: The bank in the exporter’s country, which advises the exporter the L/C, is received.

Confirming bank保兑行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.

The letter of Credit (L/C、L/C)信用证:The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation of the relevant documents.

Paying bank付款行: The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.

Negotiating bank议付行: The bank buys the exporter’s draft submitted to it under a credit.

Recipient: A person or an organization etc. that receives something

World company: A multinational company whose national identity has been blurred

Middleman trader: Person through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer

Lesson 12

Clean credit光票信用证: credit only require clean draft, which isn’t accompanied with shipping documents.