喜福会的论文提纲
喜福会论文
The Cultural Conflicts and Blending Embodied in the Joy Luck Club
第一部分介绍作品
《喜福会》是著名美国籍华裔女作家谭恩美的处女作，作者在小说中主要描述了四对移民母女的关系和她们之间由于文化的差异而引起的冲突，小说以全球化时代和美国多元文化社会为背景，呈现了4对母女由误会，冲突到理解的过程。在全球化环境下中国面临很多发展的机遇，但更多的是文化的挑战。随着全球化的加剧，中国文化面临一种被融化，被改变的危险。本文通过对《喜福会》文本及其所透视出的文化冲突与融合的分析，说明在全球化环境中，应该在不同文化中找到一个平衡点，并以正确的态度来对待文化冲突，同时不要轻易否定母文化，在向全世界学习其他优秀文化的时候，也要向他们传播中国传统文化。
《喜福会》是美国著名的华裔女作家谭恩美的代表作品。在小说中,她呈现给读者的是四位中国移民母亲与她们女儿之间的故事。这四位母亲都有着自己的世界观，她们的世界观又是立足于她们的中国生活经历。她们想把自己的经历一一讲述给女儿,并努力通过母爱的表达在她们与女儿的文化差异和冲突之间建立起沟通的桥梁。起初女儿们不能理解她们的母亲及其代表的中国文化,但随着时间的流逝,女儿们开始理解她们的母亲,同情她们母亲的悲惨过去并最终接受了她们的母亲。事实上，正是《喜福会》中母亲给予女儿们无微不至的母爱才最终使得女儿们理解了她们的母亲及其代表的中国文化。因而, 《喜福会》中的母爱不仅是中国文化的象征,更重要的是母女理解与沟通的桥梁，也是中美文化交流的桥梁。
小说描写了四位性格、命运各异的中国女性抛却国难家仇，移居美国，以及她们各自在美国出生、成长的女儿的生活经历。作为第一代移民的母亲们虽已身在异国，却仍是彻头彻尾的中国女性，国难家仇可以抛在身后，却无法抛却与祖国的血脉亲情。而在美国出生的女儿们，虽然外表看来与母亲非常相像，却是在迥异于中华故国的价值观与环境下成长起来的，并不得不亲身承受两种文化与价值观的碰撞。母女之间既有深沉执着的骨肉亲情，又有着无可奈何的隔膜怨恨，既互相关心又互相伤害……不过，超越了一切的仍是共同的中华母亲，是血浓于水的母女深情。
《喜福会》这部小说是从四部分分别以两代人的不同视角进行叙述的。其中，第一部分“千里鸿毛一片心”和第四部分“西天王母”是以母亲的视角讲出她们的故事（吴素云已经去世，她的故事是从女儿吴精美口中说出，这实际上也是素云的视角。），第二部分“道道
重门”和第三部分“美国游戏规则”分别是以四个女儿的视野讲述的。从母亲们和女儿们的视角中，不难看出她们之间的种种冲突以及到最后的相互了解。在文中，母亲们“讲故事”是为了使母女关系从对抗走向和解，从分裂走向融合，而女儿在母亲的感召下确立了自己的族裔身份，但在现实生活中，她们一方面希望融入美国社会，另一方面还是为自己的身份感到迷惘。
因此，华裔美国人，不管是作为第一代母亲们，还是第二代的女儿们，必将生活在中美文化的分裂与隔阂，对立与冲突中；但同时我们也应该看到在分裂与隔阂、对立与冲突过程中所表现出来的相互理解以及渐渐的融合。
英语版本
The Joy Luck Club is the first novel of Amy Tan，a famous Chinese-American writer. In the novel she mainly describes the relationship between the Joy Luck Club mothers and their daughters and cultural conflicts. The novel is set in the age of globalization and in the multicultural American society; it represents the process of misunderstanding, conflicts, understanding and blending between the mothers and the daughters. Globalization not only brings many chances to china but also brings cultural challenges to China. As the degree of globalization is getting deeper, Chinese culture faces the danger of being integrated and changed by other cultures. Through contextual analysis of the Joy Luck Club and the cultural conflicts and blending embodied in it, this paper demonstrates that in the age of globalization a balance should be kept among different cultures, and a right attitude towards cultural conflicts should be taken, and it suggests that the native culture should not be thrown away when learning from others, and instead, it should be transmitted to others.
Amy Tan’s the Joy Luck Club is a masterpiece in Chinese-American literature. The Joy Luck Club mothers and their daughters have been the focus of research ever since the publication of this book. Some researchers put the emphasis on the relationship between the mothers and daughters while some others believe that it is the writing style that makes Amy Tan’s the Joy Luck Club a success. For there are conflicts that have been vividly described in this book, some researchers make the conflicts in the Joy Luck Club the theme of their thesis. However, in this thesis, maternal love will be the theme, and it will be interpreted from a cultural point of view.
Through the stories of the Joy Luck Club, the secret-laden lives of four Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-born daughters are shown in front of the readers. The daughters reject their mothers’ seemingly constant criticism of everything they choose, from husbands to hairdos. They view their mothers’ warnings as irrelevant, and their advice as intrusive. The daughters do not know what has inspired their warnings and advice: t
he hardships their mothers suffered in China before coming to the United States. Thus, as the mothers see it, their daughters are flailing in their modern American circumstances, unable to use what is “in their bones,” the family’s inheritance of pain that led to their determined strength for survival, which their mothers try to bequeath them. The mothers, meanwhile, watch with heartache as their daughters’ marriages fail, as they expect less and less and so accept less and less. Conflicts have become something that prevents the understanding and communication between mothers and daughters. In fact, all the conflicts are caused by cultural differences. The Joy Luck Club mothers have accepted and been deeply influenced by Chinese culture, while their daughters are born and grow up in the United States and know little about Chinese culture. What they have accepted is the American mainstream culture which is somehow contradictory with Chinese culture.
However, due to the maternal love of the Joy Luck Club mothers, the mothers and daughters finally understand each other. The maternal love in the Joy Luck Club helps the daughters understand their mothers; furthermore, its significance lies in that it serves as a bridge of cultural understanding between Chinese culture and American culture.
I. Conflicts Between Mothers and Daughters in the Joy Luck Club
Conflict is the main plot in the Joy Luck Club. Because the two generations are born and grow up in different cultural environments, the Joy Luck Club mothers and their daughters have many conflicts. The mothers are deeply influenced by the traditional Chinese culture, while their daughters are born and get educated in the United States, whose culture is a completely different one. Thus the Joy Luck Club mothers and daughter can never understand each other. The daughters at first have a strong prejudice against their mothers and the Chinese culture. Born in the United States and brought up in American mainstream culture, they inevitably hold a prejudice against their mothers and the Chinese culture. They believe that American culture is superior to Chinese culture. In their eyes, their mothers symbolize backwardness and ignorance. They are dissatisfied with their mothers who use toothpick in public. They are ashamed of their mothers who open jars to smell the insides in grocery stores and they are angry with their mothers who like to use them to show off. Naturally the four daughters try to identify themselves with American mainstream culture. Both Rose and Lena marry Americans or what their mothers call Waiguoren. They admire the Americans and their culture so much that they are willing to make sacrifice for their American husbands. Waverly thinks that her mother’s Chinese outlook would make her lose face when she attends her wedding, so she conspires with her beauty parlor to dress up her mother in an American style. The Joy Luck Club mothers intervene so much in their daughters
’ life that the daughters feel their mothers’ love is not embracing but suffocating. Waverly, a chess prodigy thinks she has grown cleverer than her mother who gives her “invisible strength.” Lena fears being drawn into her mother’s madness and consoles herself by imagining others who have a life worse than hers. Rose, whose mother cannot let go of the memory of her son who drowned, now believes that by hoping for less, one isn’t vulnerable to loss. And June believes it is her mother’s impossibly high expectations that make her feel that even today, she is a failure.
On the other hand, for the Joy Luck Club mothers, they also cannot understand some behaviors of their American-born daughters. Their behaviors are so different from their mothers’ culture that their mothers even feel distain about the American culture. Ying-ying can’t bear the go-Dutch rule between Lena and her husband. Under the rule, the couple only pays for their common life expenditures that both of them have to use in their daily life. If they want to buy some personal commodities, they must pay for themselves. This is no surprise in the western countries, especially in the U.S. But according to the Chinese culture in which their mothers were born and grew up, it’s unacceptable. A married Chinese couple cannot calculate the family financial expenditure so clearly; they must share the burden together. When (Jing-mei) Woo quarrels with her mother Suyuan, Suyuan says in Chinese, “Only two kinds of daughters, those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind! Only one kind of daughter can live in this house. Obedient daughter! ” (Tan 124). Because in Chinese culture, children must obey their parents without any excuse. So when June makes her mother angry, Suyuan bursts out these Chinese characters. Due to the cultural differences, the Joy Luck Club mothers and daughters have many barriers in communication and understanding, and these barriers cannot be elated in a short period. For quite a long time, the Joy Luck Club mothers, who live in the United States as minority groups, are overwhelmed by American mainstream society, but they make great efforts to make their daughters understand them and the Chinese culture. They chat with their daughters about their past experiences and impart maternal love to their daughters, patiently waiting for the moment when their daughters can understand and respect them and the Chinese culture. Finally thanks to their maternal love they imparted to their daughters and the same blood that flows in their bodies, the Joy Luck Club mothers are able to make their daughters know and understand them and the Chinese culture.
主要部分的划分 及内容设计
第一 母女间的矛盾及影射的中美文化冲突 Criticism Vs. Encouragement Chinese vs. English
通过文中母女对话来写如 母亲炫耀女儿下棋好，女儿很反感
第二 母女间的相互理解及其反映出中美文化某种程度
的相容
从母亲丁来分析，他放弃了两个双胞胎女儿，在美国生下第三个女儿，死后，他的女儿与父亲的对话，及回国看望两个姐姐，表现出的感情
第三 “女儿”形象及华裔女性的生存状态
第四 正确地对待东西文化