高中阅读理解细节题解题技巧与练习题

高中阅读理解细节题解题技巧与练习题
高中阅读理解细节题解题技巧与练习题

高中阅读理解之细节理解题解题技巧

一、题型特点与命题方式

所谓细节题,是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节,也可能涉及若干个细节,或者针对文章的主要事实,或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。

细节题一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)的答案与原文直接挂钩,从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低,只要学生读懂文章,就能得分,属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息

与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论或者进行简单的数字计算、排列顺序、图表图画等。这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义,从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和

句子。

这类题型的题干常为:

When / Where did the story happen?

Which of the following statements is (not) correct/true?

Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?

Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?

All the statements are true except…

Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage?

Choose the right order of the events given in the passage?

该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息,或是其变体。所以,搜查信息在阅

读中非常重要,它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。做这类题一般采用定位法和寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或

句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案。

二、解题思路与应试技巧

细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题,正确答案的根据一定可以

在原文中找到,即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。

通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征:

1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词,成为正确选项。

2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或者改变原文句子的语态,给考生制造障碍。

3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化,成为正确答案。

4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。

干扰项有以下特征:

1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换,使该选项看似正确,实际上却是错误选项。

2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态,如把将来时变成现在时,把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。

3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论,而文中并未涉及。

4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”,所述细节确实与原文一致,一不小心就会误选。

5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别,选项中的描述与原文完全一致,确属原文中的一个细

节,这时要回到题干,看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。

6. 符合常识,但不是文章内容

7. 部分正确,部分错误

下面结合例题,对细节题的不同类型加以解读。

1、直接信息题

对此类题型,考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词,然后以此为线索,运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节,找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍,仔细比较所给选项与文中细

节的细微区别,在准确理解细节的前提下,最后确定最佳答案。

How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?

A. 15 minutes.

B. 30 minutes.

C. 1.5 hours.

D. 3 hours.

【解析】直接信息题。快速查找题干中的关键词How long,charge up,iPhone,

Edmonds entered the world of politics first as ________.

A. news secretary for a congressman

B. a speechwriter for President Clinton

C. news secretary in the White House

D. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala

【解析】直接信息题。快速查找题干中的关键词the world of politics,

2、间接信息题

做这类题目时,考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理,然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别,这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型,对考生来说有一定难度。

Which of the following is true of the Hatches?

A. They had their children during the Great Depression.

B. They left the family farm to live in an old house.

C. They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.

D. They helped their neighbors to find jobs.

【解析】间接信息题。第四段第一句话说Hatch夫妇是在大萧条时期出生的(Children of the Great Depression, Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving.),而不是他们在大萧条时

期有了孩子,排除A;第三段提到他们的老房子位于他们家的农场里,B错误;第二段提到他们帮助有困难的邻居们,但未提及帮助他们找工作,D项错误。C项说Hatch 夫妇把他们的钱全都赠给

了他们的邻居们,符合文意。

3、数字计算题

数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容,此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实,有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字,它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法

是先来理解文章的大意,然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。

The foreign drivers who break the traffic law and do not pay on the spot are likely to be

fined up to _______.

A. £60

B. £300

C. £900

D. £980

【解析】依据文章第一段可知,这种罚款可高达900英镑(Foreign drivers will have to pay on-the-spot fines of up to £900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried out next month.),再依据第二段If they do not have enough cash or a working credit card, their vehicles will be

clamped(扣留)until they pay — and they will face an additional fee of £80 for getting back their vehicles.可知本题选D,即当场不能交罚款的外国司机罚款的费用是900+ 80=980英镑。

4、排列顺序题

这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”,即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件,迅速缩小选择范

围,从而快速选出正确答案。

常见设问形式

1)Which of the the following is the correct order of ...?

2)Which of the following is the correct order to describe...?

Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project?

A. Assessment — Prototype — Design — Construction.

B. Assessment — Design — Prototype — Construction.

C. Design — Assessment — Prototype — Construction.

D. Design — Prototype — Assessment — Construction.

【解析】D。请看文章第二段:

Gerner manages school facilities(设施)for Clark County, Nevada, a district roughly the

size of Massachusetts. By 2018, 143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system. Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. Four architecture teams

have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes(样品); they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009. The district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three

winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.根据第二段的描述,工程的实施应按照“设计—提供样品—评估—建设”的程序。其它程序都不符合标准的建筑要求。

What’s the right order of the events related to T anni?

a. She works as a coach.

b. She took up athletics.

c. She won four gold medals in Barcelona.

d. She competed in her first Paralympic Games.

e. She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon.

A. b, d, c, e, a

B. a, d, b, c, e

C. a, d, c, e, b

D. b, d, a, e, c

【解析】A。排列顺序题。本题要求判断各个事件的先后顺序。观察文章的2~6段,注意几个表示时间的词(组):1984,1988,1992,in the same year,2007,可帮助考生迅速找到答案。

5、图表图画题

在有图表图画的阅读理解中,有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中,有的出现在选项中,这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性,同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候,一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息,特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的,我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。

常见设问形式

1)which of the foue picture below is the closest to the ...as described in the text?

2) which of folloeing pictures shows the ...?

6. The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008, ________.

A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 points

B. the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchanged

C. the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decrease

D. the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase

由柱形图可以清楚地看出,拥有电脑的亚洲家庭的数量急剧增加,其他三项表述都与图表不

符,故D项正确。

7. The package fee does NOT cover the cost of _______.

【解析】A。所给的四幅图画分别代表了“住宿”、“交通”、“游览”和“餐饮”。根据文章中“All Fee’s

可知这次游览的费用都包含在“Package Fee”

里面,没有其它暗含的费Included. No Hidden Cost.”

用。但是由于这是一个总共 5.7小时的游览,下午乘飞机返回还不耽误吃晚饭和看日落(in time

for dinner and sunset)可知是不需要住宿的,因此“住宿”的费用不包含在整个费用之内。

专项练习:

【考例1】For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without

any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is

about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?

Q:Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?

A. Both can continue for generations

B. Both are about where to draw the line

C. Neither has any clear winner

D. Neither can be put to an end

【考例2】The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by

recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they

observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful,

disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial

expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.

Q:What were the people asked to do in the study?

A. To make a face at each other.

B. To get their faces impressive.

C. To classify some face pictures.

D. To observe the researchers’ faces.

【考例3】Confucius suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of “Do not do to othe you would not want others to you. ”He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on

individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that

some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed

that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.

Q:Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that .

A. all men were equal when they were born

B. the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class

C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom

D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to

【考例4】Since Beijing's first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed

astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the city have

added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened

ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the

ski resorts of Europe. In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But

many are in faraway areas of the country and can't really match the equipment and services of

some ski resorts in Europe.

Q:Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in Europe?

A. To visit more ski areas.

B. To ski on natural snow.

C. For a large collection of ski suits.

D. For better services and equipment.

【考例5】He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into

great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his

story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more

valuable for your paper. That's what you want for him, too, isn't it?

Q:What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?

A. Finding the news value of his stories.

B. Giving him financial support.

C. Helping him to find issues.

D. Improving his good ideas

【考例6】But Parbati doesn’t catch elephants just for fun. “My work,” she says, from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man.” And this is exactly what Pa has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal

hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It

is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called

to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.

Q:For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to .

A. get long lasting excitement

B. keep both man and elephants safe

C. send them back to the jungle

D. make the angry elephants tame

【考例7】Parbati hasn’t always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father,

she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many

too dull. Catching elephants is an

years later she went back to her old life. “Life in the city is

adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase,” she says.

Q:Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, ______________.

A. she spent her time hunting with her father

B. she learned how to sing love songs

C. she had already been called an elephant princess

D. she was taught how to hunt tigers

【考例8】It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers (生产商)follow certain uniform standards for various features(特征)of clothes. What seems strange , however, is that the

standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. T ake a look at the way your

clothes button. Men’s clothes tend to button from the right, and women’s form the left.

population-men and women-are right-handed, the men’s Considering most of the world’s

es button standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women’s cloth from the left?

Q:What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry?

A. It has been followed by the industry for over 400 years.

B. It is different for men’s clothing and women’s.

C. It works better with men than with women.

D. It fails to consider right-handed people.

【考例9】The engineer Camillo Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908.

At his factory in Ivera, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the

company’s head office is still in Ivr ea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in

those days and there are offices all around the world.By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the

company turned out 13,000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti

exported more typewriters to other countries.

Q:From the text we learn that__________.

A. by 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year

B. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s

C. some of Olivetti’s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy

D. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning

【考例10】After World War Ⅱ, the population of most large American cities decreased; however,

the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where

population shifts(转移)to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In

the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents(居民)became wealthier. They had more children

so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own

homes. They bought houses in the suburbs(郊区).

Q:Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ

A. Because older American cities were dying.

B. Because they were richer and needed more space.

C. Because cities contained the worst pare of society.

D. Because they could hardly afford a live in the city.

【考例11】When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’s Chinese Eng Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and

at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to

understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.

Q:Why was the author’s mother poorly served?

A. She was unable to speak good English.

B. She was often misunderstood.

C. She was not clearly heard.

D. She was not very polite. W

【考例12】My mother has realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she

used to have me call people on phone to pretend I was she. I was forced to ask for information

or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker (股

票经纪人).I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs. Tan.”

Q:From Paragraph 2, we know that the author was .

A. good a pretending

B. rude to the stockbroker

C. ready to help her mother

D. unwilling to phone for her mother

【考例13】The little baby whale—actually as big as our boat—was obviously stuck and could not

move. The mother dived under the water and came up suddenly, making big whirlpools(漩涡)

and waves. “She’s trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side,” my father said. my father moved our boat in a semicircle to the other side and, heading the boat towards the

baby whale, pushed it gently.

Q:The mother whale failed to help her baby because__________.

A.she had stayed in the polluted water for too long

B. the whirlpools she had made were not big enough

C. she had no other whales around to turn to for help

D. the waves pushed her baby in the wrong direction

【考例14】Fashion designer Angela Barnard, who runs her own fashion business in London, said

older women were much more affected by celebrity(名流) style than in previous years .She said, “When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attract ive and fashionable

in their sixties, they want to follow them. Older women are much more aware of celebrities .There’s also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they can change their look, and many of my older customers do yoga to stay in shape well in their fifties.

Q:What can we learn about old women in terms of fashion?

A.They are often ignored by fashion designers.

B. They are now more easily influenced by stars.

C. They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion.

D. They are more interested in clothes because of their old age.

【考例15】Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his

father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was

unaware of everything else around him.He rode along until a strange around drew him to the

present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens. What he saw shocked him.

A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like clack cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading

angrily towards him.

Q:Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier?

A. He was riding to school.

B. He was listening to a strange sound.

C. He was going fishing with his father.

D. He was lost in the thought of the fishing trip.

【考例16】Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even

realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television. Nor the impressive technology of

transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our

minds. Thi s ability comes so mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other‘s

naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle(奇迹)it is.

Q:According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is .

A. our ability to use language

B. the miracle of technology

C. the amazing power of nature

D. our ability to make noises with mouth

【考例17】It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After

all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries. Then one day, some visitors from

the city arrived. Th ey told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog

legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs

from other places.

Q:From paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers __________.

A. worked very hard for centuries

B. dreamed of having a better life

C. were poor but somewhat content

D. lived a different life from their forefathers

【考例18】This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around,

and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was

reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to

collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of

a better future. But the dream didn’t last long.

Q:Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs?

A. the frogs were easy money

B. They needs money to buy medicine

C. they wanted to please the visitors

D. the frogs made too much noise

【考例19】Fear plays no part in this latest problem. “I’m not afraid I’ll lose my c

he repeats, her voice rising when

lose my children. We live together, and nothing, nothing,” s

speaking to John’s lawyer, “will stop me from being with my children. A law? Year, right. Don

disturb me when it comes to my children. You are never going to win. If John wants to see them,

father—I want them to see him! However, his visit in his present

I cannot stop him. He’s their

稳定的) life.” 

condition will disturb the children’s stable (

Q:According to Jane in the first paragraph, the law .

ing with the case

A. can’t take her children away from her

B. can’t do anyth

C. will best settle the problem

D. will disturb her children

【考例20】ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and

affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include

water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials.

Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by

lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save

energy.

Q:What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards?

A.Lower running costs.

B. Costing less in construction.

C. Less air to be lost in hot days.

D. Better prices for homeless people.

巩固练习:(1)

Most people who enjoy movies do not really care how they are made. They just want to

enjoy a good story. Movie producer and director George Lucas wants people to see the best

made movies. So, his latest movie Star Wars was made without using film.

Star Wars was made using digital cameras. A digital camera does not use traditional film. It

captures images on videotape. The images recorded on videotape are the placed in a computer.

George Lucas says that using digital cameras permits him to have much more control over

the final product. For example, the image can be changed after it is placed in a computer. An

expert can change color, add or take out objects, add people or beings who are not real. Much

of what is seen in the new movie Star Wars is not real. Huge buildings, spacecraft and alien

beings from other worlds were produced in a computer.

Movie experts say digital technology is the real future of the motion picture industry. A

theater will no longer have to wait days or weeks to show a new movie. Theaters will be able to

receive copies of new movies by linking computers. Or they will use small computer disks to get

a copy of the movie.

When the new movie Star Wars was released last month, only 94 theaters around the world

had the digital equipment needed to show it. So Mr. Lucas’ company produced about 6,000 copies of the new digital movie on traditional film for release in most theaters. However, most

people who have seen the movie say these film copies are of much better quality than other

filmed movies.

Critics say the new digital technology is very costly. Many theater owners will not buy the

new technology, yet many of the people who worked on the new movie Star Wars say they

would not like to work with film again. They said using digital equipment was faster, and videotape is much less costly than film. One cameraman said the director of a movie can immediately see what was just recorded, something impossible to do with film.

1. According to George Lucas, what makes the best made movies possible?

A. A good story.

B. Film.

C. Digital cameras.

D. Videotape.

2. Which is NOT true for the real future of the motion picture industry, according to movie

experts?

A. Linking computers for copies of new movies.

B. Showing filmed movies in theaters.

C. Using small computer disks to get a copy of the movie.

D. Having the digital equipment needed to show the movie.

3. According to the passage, which is true about the new movie Star Wars?

A. There are about 6,000 copies of the new digital movie.

B. It has been shown in only 94 theaters around the world.

C. It is the best among filmed movies.

D. It is the product of the new digital technology.

4. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the new digital movie?

A. The director can have the objects and people added or taken out.

B. It will be more convenient for theaters to get such kind of new movies.

C. People all agree that the new digital movies are less costly than the filmed movies.

D. The director can monitor the recording and check what was recorded just now.

(2)

As the US wakes up to China’s rising status as an economic and strategic competitor, US parents are urging their children to learn Chinese, reports Julian Borger.

The US is being swept by a rush to learn Mandarin—from wealthy New York mothers hiring Chinese nannies(保姆)for their small children to a defence department education

project in Oregon.

势头)are parental ambition for children The forces driving Mandarin’s momentum(

facing a future in which China is almost certain to be a major player, and the government

is worried about that America may get left behind in that new world.

The bottleneck is the supply of teachers. Mandarin instructors are difficult to import

and difficult to train. There are visa problems in bringing over teachers from China but the

biggest barrier is cultural. Teaching in Asia is generally done by rote and the change to

western, interactive styles of instruction can be a large leap.

On the other hand, it requires enormous firmness for westerners to learn a language

like Chinese, with its thousands of written characters. According to the Asia Society in New

teacher-training institutions turn out only a couple of dozen York, all of America’s

homegrown Mandarin teachers.

One way to ease the shortage is to find native Mandarin speakers and use fast-track

methods to train them. However, the majority of Chinese-Americans grew up speaking Cantonese, the dialect spoken in Hong Kong, where their parents came from. Many are

themselves signing on as Mandarin students at the private language schools springing up

on the west coast.

1. Why are US parents so eager to make their children learn Mandarin?

A. They are urged by the government to do so.

B. They are afraid to be left behind by other parents.

C. They believe China will play a major role in the future world.

D. They are just carried away by Mandarin’s momentum.

2. The underlined word “rote” in the 4th paragraph probably refers to a teaching pattern which .

A. focuses on memory work

B. allows the students to think independently

C. is centered on interactive skills

D. puts much emphasis on examinations

3. What is the main problem in the Mandarin’s momentum in the US?

A. The lack of qualified teachers.

B. The cultural barrier between the east and

west.

C. The Americans’ lack of firmness.

D. The many written Chinese characters.

(3)

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中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题和推理判断题的解题技巧

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had to eat a sandwich. But at least I wasn’t alone when I wa s sad. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did. 1. How many children does the writer’s mother have? A. Four. B. Two. C. Three. D. Six. 2. 排除法 排序题也属于事实细节题的一种题型,它通常出现在说明文中。这类文章有明显的信息词,如first, to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third, then, finally等。按照信息词的提示阅读,可以加快理解的进程。在做细节排序题时,首先要确定首或尾的答案,通常四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序类似,正确答案往往在这两个选项中选择,找到两者的不同之处,回到原文,进行核对,一旦确定,后面的排序就不用再比较了。 例:A topiary gardener should make a drawing

高中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习

阅读专题-----细节题 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题,是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节事实理解题 主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题 两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩,从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低,只要学生读懂文章,就 能得分,属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类 题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义,从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节,也可能涉及若 干个细节,或者针对文章的主要事实,或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类: 一是直接理解题,答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题,答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换,而不能 在原文中直接找到。 一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,两者存在表达上的差异,有时需要进行加工 或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题 型的关键,也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为: When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息,或是其变体。所以,搜查信息在阅读中非常重 要,它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属 于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问 题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题,正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找 到,即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征: 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词,成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或者改变原文句子的语态,给考生制造障 碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化,成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题,若不仔细辨别,很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征: 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换,使该选项看似正确,实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态,如把将来时变成现在时,把未发生的事情当成已发生的事 情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论,而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”,所述细节确实与原文一致,一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别,选项中的描述与原文完全一致,确属原文中的一个细节,这时要 回到题干,看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。

高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之事实细节题型(正稿)

高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之事实细节题型 阅读理解满分秘籍——理解题干的要求是核心,分析选项的特点是基础,读懂原文的主旨是条件。做到题干、选项与原文内容的完美结合。 事实细节题型 高考《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求是:要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义; (2)理解文中具体信息; …… 《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求的第一点是理解主旨要义。第二点就是理解文中具体信息。理解文中具体信息是阅读理解的基础,是考生透彻理解文章主旨要义的条件。具体信息是围绕文章主题展开的,是对文章主题的进一步解释说明,以便让读者更好地了解作者的写作目的、意图等。对应的题型就是事实细节题型。主要考查考生对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。该题型是阅读理解部分的主要题型,几乎占了阅读理解的二分之一。充分理解文章具体信息,不仅有助于事实细节题型的答题,而且有助于其他题型的答题。 事实细节题型特点 事实细节题型主要考查考生对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。通常会针对以下内容来出题。 1. 列举 主要考查考生对文章里列出的具体内容是否都完全清楚,通常都是三点或四点,主要针对两种题型:Which题型(要求考生从选项中选出根据文章内容正确的选项)和except题型(要求考生排除三个正确的选项,选择根据文章内容错误的选项,通常称为“三缺一”)。 要求考生正确理解原文内容,并进行细致对比。 2. 转折与对比 转折处常常是作者想要表达的内容,是语义的重点,一般通过转折词but, however, yet, actually / in fact / as a matter of fact 等或对比词unlike, not so / as …as, compared to等引导。 要求考生培养良好的逻辑思维能力,理解作者的真实意图。 3. 因果 文章中的因果关系,可以用because, since, now that, for, as, so, therefore, moreover, thus, consequently,as a result / consequence, as a result / consequence of, on account of, thanks to, due to, owing to等连词、介词或短语,也可以是cause, result in, contribute to, lead to, originate from 等动词(短语)或base, basic, result, consequence等名词。 要求考生能理解文章上下文的前因后果,是高考必考题。 4. 举例 由like, as, such as, for example, for instance等引导的举例说明。

阅读理解中的细节理解题题型与策略

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高中阅读理解细节题解题技巧与练习题

高中阅读理解之细节理解题解题技巧 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题,是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节,也可能涉及若干个细节,或者针对文章的主要事实,或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。 细节题一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)的答案与原文直接挂钩,从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低,只要学生读懂文章,就能得分,属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息 与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论或者进行简单的数字计算、排列顺序、图表图画等。这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义,从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和 句子。 这类题型的题干常为: When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct/true? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息,或是其变体。所以,搜查信息在阅

细节理解题的分析与解题方法

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