2021高考英语一轮统考复习第二部分高考重点语法突破专题二第2讲名词性从句学案新人教版
第2讲名词性从句
考情纵览
名词性从句在近5年新课标Ⅰ卷的语法填空和短文改错中出现的频率不是很高(2016年新课标Ⅰ卷that→where)，但2019新课标Ⅰ卷考查了that引导的同位语从句，其次在新课标Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷及地方命题试卷中还是经常涉及，再加之其结构特点和功能作用，使得它仍然成为高考备考中的重点之一。名词性从句的考查主要集中在两方面：1.连接词的选择与判断，其中what与that, if与whether是重点；2.主从句的时态呼应。
考点一名词性从句的不同类型及其结构
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，它是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。
1．主语从句
①That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。
②What matters most in learning English is enough practice.
学习英语最重要的是足够的训练。
③It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself.
其他人怎么认为你，不关你的事，你尽管相信你自己。
④It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。
[归纳] 主语从句的结构：
1连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他＋主句谓语＋其他。
2It形式主语＋主句谓语＋其他＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。
2．宾语从句
①I'm afraid (that) I can't accept your invitation.
恐怕我不能接受你的邀请。
②Tom is a nice boy except that he is sometimes late for school.
汤姆除了有时候上学迟到外，是个很不错的男孩。
③I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。
④I don't think that you should go abroad in the future.
我认为你将来不应该出国。
[归纳] 宾语从句的结构：
1及物动词短语/介词＋连接词＋从句主语＋从句谓语＋其他。
2及物动词＋it＋宾补＋连接词＋从句主语＋从句谓语＋其他。
3表示情感的形容词＋连接词＋从句主语＋从句谓语＋其他。
3．表语从句
①My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
②The reason for his absence is that his daughter suddenly fell ill.
他缺席的原因是他的女儿突然病了。
③As is known to us, China is no longer what she used to be.
众所周知，中国再也不是从前的样子了。
④One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like stores and restaurants.
她偏爱城市生活的一个原因是她可以很方便地进入像商店和饭店这样的地方。
[归纳] 表语从句的结构：
系动词＋连接词＋从句主语＋从句谓语＋其他。
4．同位语从句
①We should consider the students' request that the school library provide more books on popular science.
我们应该考虑学生的要求，即学校图书馆应该提供更多的关于大众科学方面的书籍。
②The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决了。
③I have no idea when he will come back.
我不知道他将何时回来。
④I made a promise to myself that this year, my third year in Senior school, would be different.
我向自己保证：今年——我高中的第三年——将会是不同的一年。
[归纳] 同位语从句的结构：
名词＋连接词＋从句主语＋从句谓语＋其他。
[注意] 不难发现，同位语从句的结构与定语从句的结构极其相似，但同位语从句是对前面的表示抽象概念的名词的内容作进一步地解释说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修
饰、限制。
同位语从句常放在feeling， news， doubt， problem， promise， idea等名词后，而定语从句不受此限制。
试比较：
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 同位语从句；that从句是对news内容的具体解释说明；that不作成分
他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.定语从句；that从句对news进行修饰限定；that在从句中作宾语，故可省略
你昨天告诉我的消息真的令人失望。
即时练1 单句写作
① (那并不奇怪) our team has won the game.
②Can you tell me (我如何能) get to the railway station?
③This is (我们的问题所在)．
④The news (我们女排赢得冠军) encouraged us all greatly.
答案：①It is no surprise that ②how I can ③where our problems lie ④that our women volleyball team had won the championship
考点二名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句的常见连接词有：that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, when, where, why, how, how many, how much等，根据其在从句中的功能可分为三类：
1．从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选择以下连接词：what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever)。通常情况下，which是在语境中提供了范围才会使用，否则，指事物时使用what(ever)。
①What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句，what 在从句中作主语)
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。
②The employers often give the job to whoever they believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty.(宾语从句，whoever在从句中作主语)
雇主们经常会把工作给他们认为有工作经验并且有强烈责任感的人。
③Whichever book he bought would be paid for.
无论他买了哪一本书，都要付款。
2．从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少状语成分，此时则用when, where, why, how, how many/much等带有语义的连接词。
①Some students even have no idea why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(同位语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作原因状语)
一些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习，所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。
②She always thinks of how she can work well. (宾语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作状语)
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
③Where the English evening will be held hasn't yet been announced. (主语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作状语)
英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
3．从句中既不缺少成分，又语义完整，则用连接词that。
①It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. (主语从句，不缺成分和语义)
已经决定会议推迟到下周一。
②He gave us a suggestion that we should practise speaking English in class. (同位语从句，不缺成分和语义)
他建议我们课堂上练习说英语。
③Tom has admired my daughter for a long time, but the question is that she doesn't love him at all.(表语从句，that不作任何成分，无语义，只起连接作用) 汤姆已经爱慕我女儿很久了，然而问题是我女儿一点也不爱他。
4．whether与if的用法
(1)表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导，不用if；当主语从句放于句首时，也常用whether引导，不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面时用whether或if引导均可，但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表选择意义的or时，必须用whether；与or not直接连用时，也必须用whether。
①Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首)
是否要开会仍然是个问题。
→The problem is whether the meeting will be held.(表语从句)
问题是是否将举行会议。
→I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位语从句)
我不知道是否将举行会议。
②It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句放于句末)
他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。
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A bus in essma nl ost his wallet. There was pie nty of money in it. So he _61 (make) a promise, Ifsomeone 62 (find) my wallet and returns it to me, I ll give half the money to him. A dustma n found the wallet in the dustb in. He sent it back to the loser. But the bus in essma n cha nged his 63 . There was still a diam ond ring in the wallet, said the loser, I won money in my wallet to you 64 you return it to me! I ve n ever see n a diam ond ring in the wallet, e dustma n. said th They bega n to quarrel 65 (viole nt). The dustma n became angry and took the bus in essma n to see a judge. After the judge heard what 66 (happe n) to them, he said to the bus in essma n, I m sure you are an hon est man .It s tiruedhosiyouvallet 67 there was a diamond ring. But it is also clear that there is 68 money in this wallet. I don t thi nk it 69 s . Wait for some time. Perhaps some one will be able to return your wallet to you. Then the judge tur ned to the dustma and said, Take the wallet home. If the loser doesn t go to get it back 70 three days, it will belong to you. 2 Recently, a survey 1 (carry) out by a website about the common view on students who graduate 2 Beijing University. Only 28% of the interviewed companies think that they are 3 (satisfy) with the graduates from Beijing University. The graduates in their companies have a wide range of 4 (know) and they learn things very quickly and easily. 5 , most of the companies don t think 6 (high) of graduates from Beijing University. In their eyes, the graduates always stick 7 their own opinions and lack the teamwork spirit. Besides, they may not be satisfied with their jobs even with big companies, and they usually have many 8 (complain). As a result, 34% of the companies insist that 9 is not necessary to employ graduates from Beijing University. In brief, society and even the students themselves expect too much from graduates from Beijing University. That 10 asgraduate claims that he himself is rubbish. 3 71 we all kno w, life is full of dreams and havi ng a good dream is of great importanee in our daily life. 72 a good dream, people can t make progress and countries can t develop . And I hold the strong belief every one, whether he is old or young, poor or rich, j unior or senior, does have a good dream! After all, dreaming is certainly a positive part of our life, and 74 (wish) for good thin gs, however, costs nothing! What' s more, it is importa nt to fly our dreams, especially for those 75 ____ are senior high school students. It is high time for them to fly their dreams. If t gi 73