土木工程专业英语结课论文

2012级土木工程（本）专业《土木工程英语》课程论文

论文题目：高层建筑防火的研究

Research of high-rise building fire prevention

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2015年11 月14 日

（一）

基于性能化防火设计方法的商业综合体典型空间防火优化设计研究

正文：改革开放以来，我国市场经济蓬勃发展，各种类型的商业建筑如雨后春笋般涌现。然而人们在享受高效便捷的购物消费和休闲娱乐的同时，商业综合体及其建筑群的巨大规模、多样功能、众多人数、复杂流线、与城市多层面多点衔接等特点，极大程度地增大了灾害风险，特别是城市和建筑中最易发生的灾种——火灾的风险。传统的建筑防火设计以“条文式”的防火规范为依据，无法满足部分现代商业综合体迅速发展的设计需要，当因结构、功能、造型等方面的特殊要求，出现现行国家消防技术规范中未明确规定的、现行国家消防技术规范规定的条件不适用的、依照国家消防技术规范进行设计确有困难的情况时，将采取针对性更强、更加先进、经济、合理、有效的性能化防火措施进行建筑和规划设计。与此同时，性能化防火设计方法以其在火灾场景和人员疏散模拟等方面的突出优势，也将被更多地运用于优化“条文式”防火设计规范框架内的规划与建筑方案设计。可见研究大型商业综合体的性能化防火设计措施，并利用性能化防火设计的方法调整优化规划与建筑设计以避免和减轻火灾危害是亟待解决的重要课题。本论文共分为十章，分别介绍了课题的研究背景与意义，国内外商业综合体性能化防火的研究现状，要素构成及火灾危险性，建筑的火灾机理与性能化防火设计参数，五大类商业综合体典型空间的防火优化措施，最后提出结论与展望。本文的核心研究内容是结合商业综合体空间要素构成特征的火灾特点以及建筑防火设计中的三个重要指标（防火分区、疏散距离、疏散宽度），提炼五大类商业综合体的典型空间，即密集空间、竖向贯通空间、超大水平开敞空间、狭长通道空间和地下空间，以建筑学和城市规划学的视角，一方面运用计算机技术，对“超规范”的设计方案进行性能化防火设计安全评价，另一方面对条文式规范框架内的设计方法进行优化。性能化防火策略作为消防设计乃至贯穿整个建筑、规划设计全过程的设计思路，已初步为我们展现出应用领域的美好前景，本文旨在进一步完善和发展以数字技术为基础的性能化防火设计方法，为建筑和城市减灾防灾目标的实现提供更有力的保障。

翻译：

Based on the performance-based fire protection design method of typical

commercial complex space fire prevention optimization design research

Since the reform and opening, our country market economy booming, the various types of commercial buildings have sprung up. Yet people enjoying the high efficient and convenient shopping consumption and entertainment at the same time, commercial complexes and the large scale complex complex, diverse functions, the number of many, streamline, and city level more cohesive characteristics of drastically increases the risk of disasters, the especially urban and building most likely to occur in the mined-out area, the risk of fire. Traditional building fire protection design based on "provision" code for fire protection, cannot meet the design needs to be part of the rapid development of modern commercial complex, when because of the special requirements of structure, function, shape, etc, in the current national fire did not explicitly stipulated in the technical specification and the conditions stipulated in the current national fire protection specification is not applicable, in accordance with the national fire protection technology specification of design difficulties, will take a more targeted, more advanced, economic, reasonable and effective performance-based fire protection measures for construction and planning and design. At the same time, the performance-based fire protection design method for its in fire scenario and evacuation simulation and so on the prominent advantage of, will also be more applied to optimize the "provision" fire prevention design specification within the framework of the planning and architectural design. Visible study measures the performance-based fire-protection design of large commercial complex, and by using the method of performance-based fire protection design of adjusting and optimizing the planning and architectural design in order to avoid and reduce the fire hazard is one of the important subjects to be solved. This thesis is divided into ten chapters, respectively introduced the research background and significance, the research status of commercial complex, the performance-based fire protection at home and abroad, the elements and fire danger, building the fire mechanism and parameters of the performance-based fire-protection design, five commercial complex typical fire prevention measures of the space, finally put forward the conclusion and prospect. Core content in the research of this paper is combined with the feature of commercial space of complex elements of fire characteristics and three important indicators in the

design of building fire protection (fire partition, travel distance, evacuation width), refining the five kinds of typical space of commercial complex, namely the level of intensive space and vertical space, large open space, narrow channel space and underground space, in the perspective of architecture and urban planning, on the one hand, using computer technology, the design scheme of "super specification" for safety evaluation of the performance-based fire-protection design, on the other hand the provisions type specification within the framework of the design method of optimization. Performance-based fire protection strategy for fire protection design and even throughout the building, the design idea of the planning and design process, preliminary already for our show a prospect in the field of application, this article aims to further perfect and development on the basis of the digital technology method of performance-based fire protection design of buildings and urban disaster reduction to provide a more powerful safeguard to achieve the goal of disaster prevention.

(二)

Damage identification of reinforced concrete structures after fire and

reinforcement

Fire except caused a great loss to human life and property, injury and damage on the building structure itself is also very serious. Especially in recent years, because of the high-rise buildings, large scale and the use of compound, the happening of building fire was gradually rising trend. In all kinds of building structure, reinforced concrete structure holds the largest share. So far, domestic and foreign research work of the fire resistance of concrete structural components is limited, the comprehensive identification and evaluation of fire damage structure also at groping stage, our country's at present there is no clear rules or regulations to follow, also can not adapt to the needs of the development of engineering construction. Therefore, the detection and identification of structure damage after fire and repair design scheme optimization research both at home and abroad caused the enough attention, in-depth study of its theory and practice is of great social significance and economic benefits. This article collects and analyses the existing fire literatures about reinforced

concrete structure at home and abroad, combined with engineering practice experience and specific engineering example, the material mechanics performance of reinforced concrete structures after fire and the change of component bearing capacity, damage detection and identification method of the structure and structure reinforcement calculation and design system is analyzed and summarized. On this basis, the key of reinforced concrete structures after fire detection method, the damaged degree of comprehensive appraisal standard and reinforcement design scheme are studied and discussed, and puts forward some effective methods and Suggestions, for the future of building fire actual engineering research and provide some references for repair reinforcement design. This paper from the analysis of fire resistance of reinforced concrete materials and components, summed up the steel and concrete materials in high temperature mechanical properties under the action of fire, further expounds the fire resistance and bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures. Building fire temperature determination is a complex work, this paper analyzes the methods to determine the fire temperature. Then systematically summarizes the detection methods of materials and the damaged structure after fire, and analyzes their respective advantages and disadvantages and applicable scope. And summed up the concrete structure and components of fire damage level and evaluation criteria, for the actual fire engineering detection and identification of the damaged structure and repair reinforcement application. This article also probes into the concrete member after the fire remaining bearing capacity calculation, the common reinforcement methods and reinforcement of the concrete structure calculation theory and reinforcement design. Finally, this paper apply the above theory research specific to fire engineering instance. In engineering examples, this paper deeply studied the following content: (1) in view of the concrete structure after fire damage a variety of detection method is applied to conduct site test; (2) comprehensive fire scene investigation and test result shows the damage identification and bearing capacity of the project, all kinds of the damaged structure reliability conclusions; (3) take the typical damaged concrete members, such as: frame beams and columns as the research object, analyzed the fire damage phenomenon and fire resistance, gives some verification conclusion; (4) according to the appraisal result, advances some Suggestions on the project repair reinforcement concrete reinforcement method, and a reinforcement scheme design was carried out.

翻译：

火灾后钢筋混凝土结构的受损鉴定与修复加固

火灾除了造成人类生命和财产的巨大损失之外,对建筑结构本身的损伤和破坏也是非常严重的。特别是近年来,由于建筑物高层化、大规模化及用途的复合化,建筑火灾的发生呈逐渐上升的趋势。而在各种建筑结构中,钢筋混凝土结构占有最大的份额。迄今为止,国内外对混凝土结构构件抗火性能的研究工作还是比较有限的,对火灾后受损结构的综合鉴定和评估也处于摸索阶段,目前我国尚无明确的规范或规程可循,还不能适应工程建设发展的需要。因此,对火灾后建筑结构受损程度的检测与鉴定以及修复设计方案优化的研究在国内外都引起了足够的重视,其理论与实践的深入研究具有重大的社会意义和经济效益。本文收集整理了国内外现有的关于钢筋混凝土结构的火灾文献记录,结合工程实践经验和具体的工程实例,对火灾后钢筋混凝土结构的材料力学性能及构件承载能力的变化、受损结构的检测与鉴定方法以及结构加固计算与设计等方面进行了系统分析和归纳总结。在此基础上,重点对火灾后钢筋混凝土结构的检测方法、受损程度的综合鉴定标准以及修复加固设计方案等进行了研究和探讨,提出了一些有效的方法和建议,为日后的建筑火灾实际工程研究和修复加固设计提供一些参考。本文首先从分析钢筋混凝土材料和构件的抗火性能入手,总结了钢筋和混凝土材料在火灾高温作用下力学性能的变化规律,进一步阐述了钢筋混凝土结构构件的抗火性能和承载力变化规律。建筑物火灾温度的判定是一件复杂的工作,本文分析了判定火灾温度的具体方法。然后系统地归纳了火灾后材料及受损结构的各种检测方法,并分析了各自的优缺点和适用范围。同时总结出混凝土结构和构件的火灾损伤等级及其评定标准,可供实际火灾工程受损结构的检测与鉴定以及修复加固应用。本文还重点探讨了火灾后混凝土构件的剩余承载力计算、混凝土结构的常用加固方法、加固计算理论以及加固方案设计等问题。最后,本文将上述理论研究成果具体应用到火灾工程实例中。在工程实例中,本文深入研究了以下内容:(1)针对火灾后混凝土结构受损情况应用多种检测方法进行现场检测;(2)综合火灾现场调查和检测结果给出了该工程各种受损构件的损伤鉴定及承载力可靠性结论;(3)取典型受损混凝土构件,如:框架梁、柱为研究对象,分析其火灾受损现象及抗火性能,给出了一些验证性的结论;(4)根据鉴定结果提出了本工程修复加固建议,确定具体加固方法,并进行了加固方案设计。