新概念英语121课定语从句

定语从句中who和that的区别

在定语从句中，关系代词who 和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意，之间的区别：

一、用who 而不用that的情形

1.在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who 。

例：My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.

我姐姐，她在国外学习，就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。

2.当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who。

例：Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the

students?

你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？

3.当先行词为people和those时，只能用who.

例：Those who want to go there come here please.

那些想去那儿的人请来这边。

4.当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，只能用who。

例：Anyone who is against us is our enemy.

任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。

5. 先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。

例：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days.

昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。

6. 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who 。

例：There are students in our class who / whom you have met.

我们班有些学生你见过。

7.当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。

例：The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.

刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。

二、用that 而不用who的情形

1.当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。

例：The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong.

在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。

2.当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all,

very形容词修饰时，引导词只能用that。

例：He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher.

他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生

3.当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。

例：Who is woman that you talked with just now?

刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁？

4.当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。

例:I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad.

我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。

5.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略).

例：Tom is not the boy (that) he was.

汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。

定语从句中 which,that 的用法与区别

在定语从句中,which 和that 在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,几种宜用that,而不宜用which 的情况如下：

①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等,

1.We should do all that is useful to the people .

2.There's nothing that can be said about it .

3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?

②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时.

1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.

2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.

The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.

You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.

I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.

比较*This is one of the best novels that were published last year.

*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.

③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时.

1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.

2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时.

1.This is the best that can be done now.

2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.

⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that. 如：

1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .

2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.

⑥被修饰词为数词时.

1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .

⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复.

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复.

1. Which is the book that you like best?

2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?

⑨主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：

1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.

⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .

1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.

2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .

定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:

①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.

2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?

②在非限制性定语从句中.

1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .

2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)

③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which

1. Let me show you the novel,that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.

④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .

What's that which she is looking at?

⑥先行词是those+复数名词.

A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.