考研英语完形填空--红花绿色词原则完整版本
两大原则，力保四分
第一：红花绿叶原则
每次出现，每次都选的单词为红花词。每次出现，每次都不选的词为绿叶词。
红花词（按排名）：however,also,yet,while,because（一定背着，很重要）
绿叶词：是见到后不选的词：排名第一的是：since,而且谁跟since谁倒霉，since家族都不选，同义词：eversince,nowthat一次都没选过。
还有绿叶词：what，它是著名的说和关系词，不选。What不能跟在名词后，就不能引导定语从句和同谓语从句。而定语和同谓语是考试的大热门。所以它是个绿叶词。
还有两拨绿叶词，一个是涉及到虚拟语气的词。而在考研的历年考题中却出现得很少，是因为考研完型填空选材因素，完型填空都选于比较严肃的话题，而虚拟语气不能适应严肃的场景，故出现得很少。
排第一的是：If only；要想了解这个词，还有only if ，only if就是if；但if only却不是only，only if既不是红花也不是绿叶。
If only用英文来解释的话，相当于I wish，相当于要是，只要，要是什么什么多好呀。
If only的用法，它的后面跟从句，从句的时态，如果与过去的情况相反，从句用过去完成时。如果与现在情况相反，从句用一般过去时。如果从句与将来的情况相反，从句用过去将来时，用would/could+动词原形。
If only或者I wish后面跟句子，它后面的句子都是过去时态，这也是是否选此词的依据。如果不是过去时，直接排除！
例 44 its economy continues to recover,
44.[A] Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that
所以不选C
A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can
remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without f eeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 .
35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if
所以不选
还有in case,它等于lest，是唯恐，以免，万一。它也是涉及到虚拟语气的词。表条件关系。通常情况下in case后面加句子，但是在这样的情况下加名词，in case of.
The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal beha vior.
32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence
因为in case后面不是句子，所以不选它。
下面是最后一组绿叶词，几个表关于的词
第二原则：概率原则
研究这么多年，完型填空中a/b/c/d各有多少个。分别是4到6个之间，所以全蒙的话，能得2.5分，四舍五入，就是3分，加红花绿叶，就是4分！
总结：
1、A,B,C,D个数在4到5个之间，5个是主流
2、完型中A最多，B最少，所以蒙的话，最好蒙A，别蒙B
把AS弄懂，选和不选，7比3
3、没有连续三个答案都一样的情况，连续两个都一样的答案是有的，连续两个答案都一样的概率为0到3个，相邻答案彼此都不一样的概率为17个到20个。比如，第6题确定是A，而且第7题我感觉是AC，则选C
4、在连续5个答案中，至少要出现3个不同的字母
4分到7分技巧
一、同义原则
同义原则就是关于同义词辨析的题。同义词辨析是完型填空的重点和难点。
同义词辨析的内容：在四个选项中，有二个或三个实词互为同义词时，答案往往在其中。名词，动词，副词，形容词为实词。当两个或三个虚词互为同义词时，往往都不选。虚词包括介词，连词，主要是介词，连词；代词，感叹词不太考。当四个选项由一个共同的意思时，该意思往往不能入选。
24. [A] if [B] although [C] whereas [D] because
BC同义，并为虚词，所以不选B，所以选D
__5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. 5.
[A] generally 大体上，一般而言 [B] almost 几乎 [C] hardly 几乎
不 [D] not 不
CD为副词，同义，所以在其中，hardly放句首，要倒装，所以不选。
2. ［A］above ［B］unlike 不像（dislike才是不喜欢）［C］excluding 排除（分词介词化）［D］besides 在什么之外， beside才是在旁边
CD两介词同义，都不选，所以选AB,
The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be ins ensitive smellers compared with animals, __1__ this is largely because, __2__ ani mals, we stand upright.
可见选B
48.[A] search [B] save [C] offer [D] seek
AD为动词,同义,在其中,
回原文
He must either sell some of his property or 48 extra funds in the form of lo ans.
Search for所以不选A
46.[A] broadly广泛的[B] thoroughly 彻底的[C] generally [D] completely完全的
在BD之间，thoroughly 强调的是细节，completely强调的是整体概念。
they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosp erity.
46.[A] approach 方法[B] flow流，流动[C] fashion流行，趋势（与小我有关的，个人）[D] trend趋势（与大我有关，政治经济等）
从C看，是名词，所以全是名词，
This "45" work force is the most important 46 in American busines s today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their job s.
所以选D
42.[A] For [B] Because [C] As [D] Since
ABCD都是因为，所以因为这个意思不选，所以虽然B是红花，但不选，D是绿叶，所以不选D，而AS的意思比A多，而更爱选，所以选AS
同义原则
使用过程中的两大问题：一ABCD四个答案不认识，认出哪两个互为同义词，二虽然是同义词，但是区别不是很清楚。
逻辑关系原则
逻辑关系原则对应的就是逻辑关系题。逻辑关系都是要通过虚词来表明的，所以逻辑关系题就是虚词题。
我们重点学虚词题。
逻辑关系题定义：基本上所有的连词题以及部分介词、副词、动词题是逻辑关系题。逻辑关系题应该较先做，在红花绿叶题完成后即可做逻辑关系题。
例：51页9. ［A］when ［B］since ［C］for［D］whereas
10.［A］unusual ［B］particular ［C］unique ［D］typical
8.［A］diluted ［B］dissolved ［C］determining ［D］diffused
6. ［A］even if ［B］if only ［C］only if ［D］as if
1. ［A］although ［B］as ［C］but ［D］while
2. ［A］above ［B］unlike ［C］excluding［D］besides
内容：主要考察五大逻辑关系。第一个也是最重要的一个是对立关系。排名第二的是因果关系。排名第三的是并列关系。排名第四的是总分关系。排名第五的是递进关系。
例题：49页
27.[A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with
The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control.
因果关系，选C
34. [A] contrarily 相反的（对立） [B] consequently [C]similarly 相似的（并列）
[D] simultaneously 同时的（并列）
More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 3 4 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common i n the traditional family 36 .
因果关系
三、逻辑关系题，优先做的理由： 1、选项都认识；2、范围确定；3、往往不需要通读全文，只需阅读前后句就可以；
完型填空题的特征：1、首段首句不出题；
例题：42
页 If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his co nsumption and his production.
例题：43页
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.
逻辑关系题：往往不需要通读全文。
四、具体内容：
1、对立关系，转折、让步都表示对立关系。
例题：49页25.[A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else
全是否则，要不然，所以不选这个意思，所以选A，或者
让步词汇：although, though ,eventhough(即使）,evenif，while，as，
much as，让步都翻译成：虽然，尽管，然而。
例题：51页1. ［A］although［B］as［C］but［D］while
ABC三虚同义，都不选
还有些其它的词汇也表示对立关系。如介词和副词。如against（反对防止），instead （代替）or（然而），instand of (代替）（而不是），rather than（而不是），by contrast （相反或相对比而言的）等词。
考点：1、instand of 和rather than的区别。
都能翻译成“而不是”但是前者是介词，后者是连词。instand of后面加名词，动名词，代词的宾格，他的后面不加句子。
rather than是连词，其后面加句子。叫作省略句。相对比的对等成分。就是说其后面的是省略句，可以省略一些成分，但是不能把向对比的对等成分省略掉。 rather than 中than是核心词，保留着than的基本用法。例：我喜欢你而不是他喜欢你。
I love you rather than he 。（love you）
我喜欢的是你而不是他。是宾格的对比：I like you rather than i like him.
用instead来描述：我喜欢你而不是他。I like you instead of him.这句有两意思，不明确
例题：42页41.[A] other than [B] as well as 相当于and，并列关
系 [C] instead of [D] more than
He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain im mediately.
42.[A]better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than
39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media prot est when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation w ould be left to judges 42 to Parliament.
AD都是比较级，比较级表递进，不表对立关系，C表对立，从原文可以看出，不是并列就是对立，所以选C 而B是除了的意思，基本用法是一定要和否定词一起用。
He is not other than my best friend. 意思就是说他谁也不是，除了我最好的朋友以外。他就是我最好的朋友
这个书包里除了一本书以外什么都没有。
there is nothing other than a book in the bag.
用法太苛刻，所以不爱选，选得少。
对立关系是重要的考点。上面已经讲了第一个考点，下面我们讲第二个考点。第二考点：although 与but的区别。这两个选项在同一个句子中不能同时出现。although 是让步，but是转折，我们现在从另外的角度把握它们两个。although 是一个从属连词，but 是一个并列连词。所以从属连词就是体现两个句子的地位不一样，一个主句一个从句。有了从属连词，这句子一定要变为从句，依附于主句才能存在。but是并列连词，并列连词就是指两个句子的地位是一样的；而从属连词表现的是两个句子的地位不一样。but是表示转折的并列连词，其前后的句子是一样重要的。并列连词还有一组是because和for。
because和for的区别：because是引导从句的从属连词，而for是并列连词。从属连词和并列连词的区别：
1、它们在一个句子中不能同时出现。
2、从属连词即可以放句首又可以放句中；并列连词往往只能放句中。
3、标点上的区别。从属连词放句中时前面往往不用加逗号，而并列连词放句中时前面逗号可加可不加。
for：for除了当连词以外还可以当介词。判断for能否放句首主要是看它的词性。如果for后面跟的是句子就不能放句首，若后面跟的是名词，则可以放句首。For为连词时不能放句首，但为介词时可以
例：39页 42.[A] For [B] Because [C] As [D] Since
42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 4 3 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wiscons in, is booming.
although 与but 的区别：
1、在同一句子中不能同时出现
2、although 即可以放句首，也可以放句中；而but只能放句中。
3、although 放句中时前面的句号不加，而but放句中时逗号可加可不加。它们最大的区别就是放句中的区别。although 放句中时前面的句号不加，而but放句中时逗号可加可不加。逻辑关系对立关系是重要的考点。
例：51页 1. ［A］although ［B］as ［C］but［D］while
Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with anima ls, __1__ this is largely because, __2__ animals, we stand upright
ABD全是从属连词，所以因为有逗号，所以都不选。
but还可以当介词，副词，这时就可以放句首。although 与but 的区别时，区别从属连词和并列连词区别的时候，需要特别关注逗号的存在。
逻辑关系第三个考点：though的用法： though作副词“然而”讲的时候，在句中作插入状语。而且在前面和后面都加逗号。
插入状语都用逗号隔开，可有可无。
例：51页 5. ［A］anyway 不管怎么样［B］though［C］instead［D］therefore 因此
BC副词，同义，在其中，
In fact, __5__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __6__ we do not generally rea lize it.
.例：He was ill,i would be on duty instead，区别，instead不能作插入，在句中重要。
总之，though 作副词，放句中前后要加逗号，但是他还可以当连词，其后面加句子，不能用逗号将句子隔开。
第四个考点： while
while的意思：当.......时候，相当于when；它们的区别在于while是表示时间段，而when是表示时间点。
第二个意思：虽然、尽管，表示让步对立关系。
第三个意思：而、而且，表示并列关系
while的用法：最大的用法就是可以引导省略的状语从句。条件：1、从句主语和主句主语相一致；2、从句是主系表结构。在同时满足以上两个条件之后，省去从句中的主语和系动词。例：他要去上学，尽管他病了。可以写成：
He would go to schoole while ill.
例：39页 48.[A] but [B] while [C] and [D] whereas
The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competit ive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employ ment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans.
无转折，所以不选AD，C的话，要严格并列，要改avoids
And作为答案的机会很小
例：54页 12.[A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house
作业：53页14题 14.[A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas
在英语中除了while还有其他的词能引导省略状语从句，排在第一位的是when，还有although ,它们使用的条件都一样，与上述的条件是一样的。
逻辑关系原则第五个考点: 判断对立关系的方法：
1、根据意思来判断
2、根据词的情感色彩来判断（情感色彩包括褒义词，贬义词，中性词三种）
例：42页43.[A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards
He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insuranc e 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical f ertilizers to 45 the soil.
例：45页40.[A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with
"Benefits" have been weighed 40 "harmful" outcomes. And generalizati ons have proved difficult.
Benefits 利益、好处harmful 坏处、害处
例：49页26.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadv antaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.
3、根据句式结构判断对立关系。
not题的特征：1、他考查的是一个肯定句与一个否定句之间的逻辑关系，出题的位置往往是在两个句子之间或第二个句子开头，不应出在一个句子的中间或末尾。2、选项中必须要有表示对立关系的词。
例：47
页 In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 3 4 atten?tion spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 particip ants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else with out feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does n ot mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help student s acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules
38. [A] on the contrary [B] on the average [C] on the whole [D] on t he other hand
前否后肯，对立，选A
例：57页10.[A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total
This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 .
例：51
页 In fact, __5__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __6__ we do not generall y realize it.
6. ［A］even if ［B］if only ［C］only if ［D］as if
页 Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not a nother, __9__ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.
9. ［A］when ［B］since ［C］for［D］whereas
B绿叶，BC为连词，同义，不选
例：59页
These workers must be trained, 8 many nations do not have the necessary traini ng institutions.
8.[A] since [B] so [C] and [D] yet
例：49页
Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others.
22.[A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because
因果关系
我们需要分清楚哪些词后面跟原因,哪些词后面跟结果.跟原因的词基本上都翻译为因为,有because,in that ,since,now that ,as for,considery, in response to(对...做出反应。）。
还有些词的后面跟的结果：so that，except that.......
例：38页46.[A]in that [B]so that [C]such that [D]except that
They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 47 one or more specific functions in the body.
例：53页1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D] Furthermore
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. __1 __ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t pos sibly __2__.
并列关系
表达并列关系的词：and,as well as,while(而且）,or（或者），mean while（同时）,similaly(类似、相似) ikewise(同样的)simultaneous（同时的，同时发生的）..........
and 题
And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such ch anges.
and题的做题方法：1、and前后选同义词
例：47
页 23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure And they also n eed to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 .
例：59页 7.[A] keep [B] maintain [C] retain [D] protect
It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly 6 workers are needed to 7 and repair the equipment.
例：41页42.[A] alive 活跃的 [B] vivid [C] mobile移动的 [D] diverse
Companies 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work ha rd to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active.
2、and前后选同一个范围的词；
例：47页 25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence自信 [D] tolerance容忍 26. [A] claimed 主张, 需要[B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed 超过
Growing bodies need movement and 23 . but not just in ways that emphasi ze competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of ne w intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their acco mplishments are 26 by others.
3、句子对应成分分析法；
37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone
A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 .
let alone 不用去管，更不用说
let off 泄露
let down 失望、失落、沮丧 let out 淘汰
总分关系
考点：for example; for instance作插入状语。标点符号放句中前后加逗号。
例：43页 31.[A] as to 关于，至于 [B] for instance 例
如 [C] in particular in particular 彻底，尤其，表递进关系而不是总分关
系 [D] such as
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking t o buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West. prominent cases 重大案子
例：47页
28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense
However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competi tion that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners t han losers， 28 ， publishing newsletters with many student-written book r eviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.总分关系
publishing newsletters 出版了一些小册子
递进关系
递进关系有：still.....moreover(而且、此外）；further more （进一步讲）；indeed(确实、的确）；
递进关系的几个考点：1、递进是并列的一种；
2、still和aslo 的区别：still仅指同一件事情的递进，aslo即可以指一件也可以指两件事情的递进；
3、further more 和indeed的区别：further more 仅指同一件事情的递进，而indeed是在肯定前一个事情的基础之上，引出另外一件事。
目前为止的做题步骤：
1、红花绿叶；
2、逻辑关系题；
3、not题；
4、and题；
5、as题；
6、同义原则；
7、概率原则；
at length=at last 最终，最后
on average 它的平均一定要有数字
be immune to 对...具有免疫力
be sensitive to 敏感
be resistant to 抗......,耐....
be subject to 易遭到，易受到
第三原则：复现原则
复现原则基本概念：当某一个概念在文章中重复出现二次或二次以上时，它们的提法应该是一致的，也就是说相对应的成分彼此互为答案。
例：49页29. [A]affect [B]reduce [C] check [D] reflect
Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates.
This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile c rime rates
例：53
页 10.[A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss Finding ways to __ 10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.
To help homeless people __3__ independence, the federal government must support job training programs, __4__ the minimum wage, and fund more low-co st housing.
例：51页19. ［A］availabe ［B］reliable ［C］identifiable ［D］suitable
14. ［A］ineffective ［B］incompetent ［C］inefficient ［D］insufficient
The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors __19__ for unfamiliar and em ergency signals __20__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fir e.
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it __1 4__ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can __15__ new receptors if necessary.
例：42
页 47.[A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrain ed
If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 .He must either sell s ome of his property or 48 extra funds in the form of loans.
He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a s urplus.
补充：作为正确答案的高选频词汇Convert, reverse, respond, ignore, consume, identify, expect, maintain, increase, decrease…（动词）
Substantially, significantly; incidentally, approximately; irregularly;
exceedingly…; far/even/much加强比较级（副词）
Extensive; excessive; significant; reverse, particular; vulnerable/susceptible; available; identifiable…（形容词）
Without; against; on; beyond; for（介词）
二、考研英语阅读理解
（一）观点态度词
作者态度题：
理解全文主旨大意，体会作者的语气，特别注意形容词的修饰。语气客观的有保留的不那么绝对的选项为正确答案；绝对或极端的态度或与原文形容词矛盾的选项为干扰项（1）褒义词：positive, supportive, sympathetic（同情的）, defensive, favorable, approval, reserved consent（有保留的支持）, enthusiastic, optimistic,
admiring, wonderful, hopeful, enthusiastic support（热烈支持）,
confident, 等
（2）贬义词：critical, negative, tolerant, worried, suspicious, skeptical, opposed, pessimistic, gloomy, apprehensive（焦虑的）, confused,
puzzled, indignant, disgustful, biased, prejudiced, compromising,
contemptuous（鄙视的）, strong disapproval（强烈反对）, cynical（愤世嫉俗的）等。
（3）中性词：objective, neutral,
（4）impersonal（不带个人色的）, detached（超然中立的）indifferent, uninterested, subjective, uninterested, 等
考研英语完型填空或阅读理解中的高频搭配
（1）
be vulnerable to 易受…影响
be immune to 不受…影响；免受…
be indifferent to 对…漠不关心
be sensitive to 对…敏感
be identical to 和…完全一样
be similar to 和…相似
be contrary to 与…相反
be aware/conscious of 意识到…
be ignorant of…不懂…
be keen on/be fond of 喜爱…
be tired/weary of 对…厌倦
be bored with对…厌倦
be proud of 以…自豪
be ashamed of 对…感到羞愧
be superior to 优于…，比…高级
be inferior to 劣于…, 比…差
be preferable to 比…更可取/更好
be comparable to 可与…相提并论/相比
be equivalent to 相当于…等值于…be parallel to 与…平行，类型于…be partial to 偏袒...偏爱...
be bound for 前往...,开往...
be bound to 一定
be liable/apt/prone to 易于...
be particular about 对...挑剔/讲究be curious about 对...好奇
be mad about 疯狂于...
be compatible with与...相容兼容(2)
be entitled to 有权利...,有资格... be devoted to 致力于
be dedicated to 献身于
be committed to 忠于... 对...负责be addicted to 沉溺于...
be attached to 附属于...
be absorbed in 专心于...
be engaged in 从事...
be involved in 被卷入/参与...
be concerned with 关注
be concerned about 担心
be acquinted with 熟悉... 了解... be reconciled with 与...和解
be qualified for 胜任...，有资格...
be fascinated with 迷恋...，痴迷于
be related/linked to 与...有关
be connected/associated with与...有关
(3)
belong to 属于
resort to 诉诸
comform to 遵守；符合
comply with 遵守
object to 反对oppose to 反对
stick to 坚持cling to 坚持adhere to 坚持
adapt to 适应
respond to 回应react to 回应
access to 进入；使用
contribute to 促成；导致
apply to 应用于
subscribe to 订购；认同
appeal to 呼吁；吸引
comment on 评论
remark on 议论；批评
concentrate on 集中于；专注于focus on 集中于；聚焦于insist on 坚持persist in 坚持
depend/rely on 依赖于count on 指望，依靠approve of 批准dispose of 处理掉abide by 遵守
interfere with/in 干涉；干扰participate in 参与
sweep across 横扫，席卷
acquinte sb. with 使某人熟悉blame sb for 因...怪罪某人
provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth 给某人提供
compare...with... 把...和...比较compare...to... 把...比作....
protect...from... 保护...不受...
prevent/stop/keep/discourage/...from... 阻止...做...
deter/hinder/hamper...from... 阻止...做...
prohibit/ban...from... 禁止...做... dissuade...from... 劝阻...不要做...
restrain/refrain...from...克制...不做...
combine...with...把...和...结合起来
integrate...with...把...和... 一体化；使...融入...
trade...for...用...换取...
replace...with... 用...替代... substitute...for... 用...替代...
range from...to...在...和...范围内变动
vary from...to... 因...而异，因...不同而变化
remind sb of...提醒某人...
accuse sb of...控告某人... charge sb with...
warn sb of...警告...
convince sb of...使某人相信... deprive sb of...剥夺某人的... inform sb of...通知某人... envy sb of...羡慕某人...
suspect sb of...怀疑某人 (4)
take actions/steps/meatures采取行动、步骤、措施
take effect 生效
take a course 修课程take shelter 躲避take turns 轮流
take a road/route 走... 的路线make effort 努力
take pains 努力，费心make use of 利用
take advantage of 利用
have an effect/influnce/impact on... 对...产生影响
have faith in... 相信
place an order for 订购，下订单
place/put/ lay emphasis(stress,value) on... 重视，强调
give/attach importance(weight) to...重视，强调
pursue a career 从事一种职业
draw/withdraw money from a bank 从银行提取现金
deposit money into a bank 往银行存钱run a risk/take a risk 冒险
strike a match 划火柴strike twelve 报时
issue a license/a policy/a new book/a password颁发；颁布；发行
perform an operation/a play/one’s duty 做手术；演戏；履行义务seek an answer 寻找答案fasten seat belt 系安全带keep pace with 跟上
keep in touch with 保持联系keep an eye on 密切关注
keep a distance from 保持距离
keep...in good condition/shape 保持...处于良好状态
learn...by heart 记住...
bear/keep...in mind 记牢，谨记
take...into consideration/account考虑万能动词
Perform=execute=conduct=carry out=implement=fulfill=do
考研英语完形填空之答案详解
2008年考研英语真题——完型填空 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 ave previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs. 1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased 2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare 3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against 4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately 5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence 6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk 7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects 8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question 9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating 10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total 11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately [C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably 12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers 13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve 14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile 15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down 16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing 17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument 18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined 19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed 20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuous
考研英语完形填空三大技巧
考研英语完形填空三大技巧 导语：完形填空是考研英语中的一个大题型，攻破考研完型填空题型要从三个方面入手，分别是词汇、阅读以及完成完型填空的技巧。 一、词汇是基础 不止是完形填空，考研英语(论坛)学习的过程中，词汇都是基础。完型填空题型的攻克，是以掌握一定的词汇量为基础的。但是掌握词汇并不是仅仅是背过而已，是指能在答题时灵活运用。词汇量的提高并非是数字的简单推理，而应该是灵活应辨的能力。有些同学在记忆词汇的过程中，背熟了若干本考研词汇书之后仍然无法正确做题，并且在写作文的时候经常词义混淆。 很多同学在记单词的时候，会忽略背诵的质量。记单词的时候不要停留在单词的表面意思上，一定要结合例句和文章来理解。同时运用发散思维，记住了动词，遇到不认识的相关的名词、形容词、副词时就要往这个动词的意思上联想。词汇不是孤立的，建议同学们在学习的过程中，不要将词汇的学习和阅读分离开来。 二、阅读是方法 很多高分学员可能都会有类似的感触，单词没有记住，但是仍然得高分。其中的秘诀就是于他们的语感好。所以阅读能力的培养是很重要的。在答题中第一遍可以带着问题浏览全文，这就需要快速阅读的能力。在寻找问题的答案时，又需要又快又准的回到原文中，迅速定位。平时的复习过程中，应该在每个复习阶段，侧重不同的阅读力度。随着复习的深入，逐渐加大阅读量。尤其是快速阅读理解能力，甚至是跳过一些空格，浏览文章，掌握大意的能力。从一定意义上讲，完形填空试题是为阅读理解服务的，其主旨是考查阅读理解能力。 阅读的过程也是培养语感的过程。临近考研，可以多读读真题，把真题里的完形填空和阅读理解作为素材每天读几遍。到了考场上看到考题时就不会那么陌生。 三、技巧为捷径 一般完型填空做题的步骤是四步，看到文章后，先用一、两分钟时间快速浏览全文，把握中心。明了作者意向、态度。注意文章首末句，因为往往文章的中心句在其中。看懂它们会缩短你读懂文章的时间;结合文章空格精读，对于难于动笔的`空格先跳过，通读;串读全文，连贯通顺。对个别难句进行语言结构上的分析，结合你对文章的理解，逻辑推理出选项;最后通读，检查全文。 完型填空不是没有规律可循的。要学会掌握一种“顺藤摸瓜”的方法，也就是寻找线索。句子本身的线索主要指空格前后所要求的搭配、词汇的并列等;句子之间的线索主要指逻辑关系，如转折、因果、递进等;全文线索主要指文章的主题、作者的倾向以及词汇的同义复现，即作者在上下文中以不同的词表达同一意思等。所以要根据不同情况寻找不同线索，然后确定答案。
2005-2015年历年考研英语一完形填空真题
The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million. Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary.This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire. 1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while 2.[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides 3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined 4.[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking 5.[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore 6.[A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if 7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting 8.[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused 9.[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas 10.[A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical 11.[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses 12.[A]at first [B]at all [C]at large [D]at times 13.[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed 14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient 15.[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create 16.[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless 17.[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired 18.[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice 19.[A]available [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable 20.[A]similar to [B]such as [C]along with [D]aside from
2016考研英语真题解析：完形填空终于看懂了
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2006年考研英语完形填空真题解析
2006年考研英语完形填空真题解析 The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population. 1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can't possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates 6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8 , one of the federal government's studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16 . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reedy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it. "There has to be 20 of programs. What we need is a package deal." 1.[A]Indeed[B]Likewise[C]Therefore[D]Furthermore 2.[A]stand[B]cope[C]approve[D]retain 3.[A]in[B]for[C]with[D]toward 4.[A]raise[B]add[C]take[D]keep 5.[A]Generally[B]Almost[C]Hardly[D]Not 6.[A]cover[B]change[C]range[D]differ 7.[A]Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that 8.[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]increasing[D]extending 9.[A]predicts[B]displays[C]proves[D]discovers 10.[A]assist[B]track[C]sustain[D]dismiss 11.[A]Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only 12.[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house 13.[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering 14.[A]when[B]once[C]while[D]whereas 15.[A]life[B]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance 16.[A]around[B]over[C]on[D]up 17.[A]complex[B]comprehensive[C]complementary[D]compensating 18.[A]So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus 19.[A]puts[B]interprets[C]assumes[D]makes 20.[A]supervision[B]manipulation[C]regulation[D]coordination 文章背景 本文主要介绍了美国社会中的无家可归者，以及他们目前的现状：他们的数量已经增长至地方政府对付不了的地步，需要联邦政府采取措施帮助他们重新获得自立。但是，许多无家可归者即使在解决温饱之后仍然游荡街头，这是因为他们要么酗酒或吸毒成瘾，要么患严
2021考研英语完型填空复习
2021考研英语完型填空复习 如何复习完形填空?什么时候开始准备? 答：完形填空是考研比较难的一部分，从历年的平均分可看出，每年平均分都在5分左右，低于及格分。又由于完形填空所占分值不高，许多同学都选择避开，复习阅读时顺带复习完形，或者干脆不管，考试时“蒙一水”。这种做法有一定道理，毕竟完型较难，分值不多，就算投入大量时间和精力也不一定能保证多几分。但是，就算如此，完型也不能甩手不管，需要投入一定时间去准备，另外就是了解一些完形填空出题规律以及做题的技巧和方法，争取达到及格分以上。 复习完形建议以真题为参考，立足真题。把完形出现的固定搭配、固定词组整理出来，在你开始接触真题时就该复习完型。一般在9月后开始系统准备、做题为宜。 完形填空有没有做题技巧? 答：完形填空做题技巧历来都是备受同学青睐。对于这种提分不容易，分值比例又较低的部分同学们都倾向于用“技巧”解题。在此要提醒同学们，任何技巧都是建立在基础上的，技巧不能决定成败，但可起到锦上添花作用。同时，下面给大家分享一些技巧： A、完形填空的第一句话作为文章的开篇，告诉我们文章的主题，下面的内容都是围绕它展开，因此第一句都是完整的，我们也要紧抓第一句话，自己所做的选择都应与第一句的意思相一致。另外注意完形填空选的是最佳答案，而不是正确答案
B、学会利用红花绿叶原则做题。完形词汇分为红花词和绿叶词。红花词就是每次出现在真题里都会选;绿叶词就是屡次出现屡次不选。比如说however、although、yet、because等属于红花词。Since、nowthat、what、if only、in case等都属于绿叶词。根据往年经验，利用红花绿叶原则做题能做对2-5题，但同时也有失手可能，失手也是有原因的，因为和后面提到的原则矛盾了。 C、同义原则：在四个选项中，当两个或三个实词互为同义词时，答案往往在其中。当两个或三个虚词互为同义词时，往往都不选。当四个选项都有一个共同意思时，该意思往往不能入选。更多的技巧和原则可参见李老师授课内容。 完形填空选项答案有没有什么规律? 答：根据我们对历年完形填空真题答案的整理和总结，得到答案分布是有规律可循的：A、四个选项都是4-6个之间，四个答案是均匀分布的。B、一般而言，A答案较多(至少五个)C、没有连续三个答案都是一样的情况。D、在五个一组的答案里，至少要出现三个字母。
2015年考研英语(一)深度解析：完型
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考研英语完形填空
1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or __16__ she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and __17__ a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. And then, with all the things she needed __18__ she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour __19__ she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows. One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look __20__ without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped __21__ before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours __22__ less than a pound a week,” and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.” A pound a week... __23__, she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! A voice at her shoulder made her __24__. “Can I help you, Madam?”She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her __25__. “Oh, well, no,” she said. “I was just looking.”“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.” Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left the shop hurriedly. 16. [A] so [B] more [C] else [D] another 17. [A] taking [B] making [C] fixing [D] keeping 18. [A] buy [B] bought [C] buying [D] to have bought 19. [A] in a way [B] by the way [C] in the way [D] on the way 20. [A] behind [B] round [C] back [D] on 21. [A] doubted [B] wondered [C] puzzled [D] delighted 22. [A] at [B] for [C] with [D] in 23. [A] Why [B] When [C] How [D] What 24. [A] jump [B] leap [C] laugh [D] wonder 25. [A] place [B] back [ C] side [D] front
2011年考研英语完形填空答案及真题解析
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后理解出题者想要表达的整个文章的主题，然后根据这个主题去针对每一个小题目中的选项进行选择，这样就可以很大程度的帮助你去理解文章的逻辑和结构构成并且能提升你的做题速度。而且汉语中是可以省掉介词直接通过语境去表达逻辑的转折的（你去玩过了，“但是”我还没去玩过）在汉语中其中的“但是”是可以直接省略掉的，而在英语中这样是不行，表示逻辑的转折必须要有介词，否则就是完全的语法错误。 三、考试八大技巧 技巧一 选项里面有任何修辞意义的词汇，基本上就是正确答案。我们用角色互换的感觉去体会出题人的用意，就不难理解，即可确认答案也可做验证。同时，考生们也可积极寻找和思考其他没有出题处的类似情况。 技巧二 考研完型在“填空”的时候，切忌用中文的“搭配”去感觉，也就是所谓三大出题伎俩之一的“中文代入”。要思考英语的搭配，不要死记，要理解和搜集。 技巧三 某些选项的单词在历史上累计出现过3次或是很多，比如：“about” “at” “if only” “if” “now that” “restrict” “provided” “similar” “since”