2007届-2017届上海市高考英语真题试卷题型分类专题汇编----完型填空--学生版(已校对)

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

(A)

Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them___45___. They were also constant communication with people on the earth. ___46___, being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on___47___space flights in the future. Will there be special problem of adjustment under such conditions?

Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of___48___is. When men are___49___together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very___50___.

Apparently, although no one wants to be___51___all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of___52___or stress.

People who are well-adjusted are able to___53___stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in___54___our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.

45. A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy

46. A. So far B. After all C. However D. Therefore

47. A. long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct

48. A. fuel B. entertainment C. adjustment D. health

49. A. shut up B. held up C. brought up D. picked up

50. A. pleasing B. annoying C. common D. valuable

51. A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. sociable

52. A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure

53. A. handle B. create C. affect D. investigate

54. A. becoming B. choosing C. ordering D. promoting

(B)

One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. ___55___the faults already found out in the education system as a whole —such as child-centred learning, the “discovery” method, and the low expectati ons by teachers of pupils —there have been several serious___56___which have a direct effect on language teaching.

The first is the removal from the curriculum(课程) of the thorough teaching of English___57___. Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future.

Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so___58___that the most able groups are___59___and are bored while the least able are lost and ___60___bored. Strangely enough, few head teachers seem to be in favour of mixed-ability school football teams.

Progress depends on memory, and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having___61___lessons. This is why many people who attended French lessons at school, even those who got good grades, have forgotten it a few years later. ___62___they never need it, they do not practice it.

Most American schools have accepted what is inevitable and___63___modern languages, even Spanish, from the curriculum. Perhaps it is time for Britain to do the same, and stop___64___resources on a subject which few pupils want or need.

55. A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of

56. A. errors B. situations C. systems D. methods

57. A. vocabulary B. culture C. grammar D. literature

58. A. wide B. similar C. separate D. unique

59. A. kept out B. turned down C. held back D. left behind

60. A. surprisingly B. individually C. equally D. hardly

61. A. extra B. traditional C. basic D. regular

62. A. Although B. Because C. Until D. Unless

63. A. restored B. absorbed C. prohibited D. withdrawn

64. A. wasting B. focusing C. exploiting D. sharing

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and playing with others. However, playing sports can have ___50___ effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kidsand sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been ___51___at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad ___52___of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.

Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main ___53___of too much aggression ill children's sports. They believe children ___54___aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that___55___is everything. Many parents go to children's sporting events and shout___56___at other players or cheer when their child behaves ___57___. As well, children arc even taught that hurting other players is___58___or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured ___59___, the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.

As a society, we really need to ___60___this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches___61___should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children

better___62___. They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to ___63___, themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that___64___is not as important as winning.

50. A. restrictive B. negative C. active D. instructive

51. A. knocked B. glanced C. smiled D. shouted

52. A. impression B. concept C. taste D. expectation

53. A. resource B. cause C. course D. consequence

54. A. question B. understand C. copy D. neglect

55. A. winning B. practising C. fun D. sport

56. A. praises B. orders C. remarks D. insults

57. A. proudly B. ambitiously C. aggressively D. bravely

58. A. acceptable B. impolite C. possible D. accessible

59. A. By contrast B. In addition C. As a result D. After all

60. A. look up to B. face up to C. make up for D. come up with

61. A. in particular B. in all C. in return D. in advance

62. A. techniques B. means C. values D.directions

63. A. respect B. relax C. forgive D. enjoy

64. A. body B. fame C. health D. spirit

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Most people believe they don’t have much imagination. They are___50___.Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to___51___it. Creativity isn’t always___52___with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time___53___think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a

tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.

Making connections This technique involves taking___54___ideas and trying to find links between them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the idea/words___55___with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the___56___to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original___57___; you could buy him tickets to match or take him out for the night.

NO limits!Imagine that normal limitations don’t___58___.You have as much time/space/money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new___59___.If your goal is to learn to ski,___60___, you can now practise skiing every day of your life （because you have the time and the money）. Now___61___this to reality. Maybe you can practise skiing ever day in December, or every Monday in January.

Be someone else! Look at the situation from a___62___point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writes. Fiction writers often imagine they are the___63___in their books. They ask ques tion: What does this character want? Why can’t she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their___64___. The best fishermen think like fish!

50. A. wrong B. unbelievable C. reasonable D. realistic

51. A. put up with B. catch up with C. make use of D. keep track of

52. A. equipped B. compared C. covered D. connected

53. A. skillfully B. routinely C. vividly D. deeply

54. A. familiar B. unrelated C. creative D. imaginary

55. A. presented B. marked C. lit D. associated

56. A. ideas B. ambitions C. achievement D. technique

57. A. experience B. service C. present D. object

58. A. work B. last C. exist D. change

59. A. possibilities B. limitations C. tendency D. practice

60. A. in fact B. in particular C. as a whole D. for example

61. A. devote B. adapt C. lead D. keep

62. A. private B. global C. different D. practical

63. A. features B. themes C. creatures D. characters

64. A. positions B. dreams C. images D. directions

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing ___50___.

What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, ___51___ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.

When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. ___52___ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming andmakeup(戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber ___53___ some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.

When you revise, you change aspects of your work in ___54___ to your evolving purpose, or to include ___55___ ideas or newly discovered information.

Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. ___56___, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to ___57___. topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows ___58___. Always make time to become your own ___59___and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you ___60___ new ideas.

Revising involves ___61___ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your

writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose ___62___ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the ___63___ that is, facts, opinions, inferences --- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many ___64___ details that may confuse readers?

50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career

51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words

52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced

53. A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved

54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast

55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh

56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore

57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover

58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training

59. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor

60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate

61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing

62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear

63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints

64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, ___50___, words of wisdom are soon forgotten.

Once companies have attracted customers they often___51___the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—___52___that the customer remains a customer.

___53___to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing___54___, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.

Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the___55___implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big___56___in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to___57___increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.

In t he US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and___58___never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in___59___profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).

The logic behind cultivating customer___60___is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with littl e attention paid to___61___them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. ___62___customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price___63___, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it___64___for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.

50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all

51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe

52. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving

53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing

54. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses

55. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical

56. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference

57. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget

58. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary

59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable

60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest

61. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting

62. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected

63. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive

64. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another___50___, subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble(绊脚)and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his___51___; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to___52___aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In___53___these and other research findings, two themes are___54___: we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think___55___assistance.

In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. ___56___, in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be___57___, but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very___58___person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely

to___59___the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.

The degree of___60___between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n)___61___T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.

Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. ___62___to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for___63___than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be___64___rather than drunk.

50.A. study B. way C. word D. college

51.A. hand B. arm C. face D. back

52.A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive

53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing

54.A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing

55. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept

56.A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example

57. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed

58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working

59.A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down

60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact

61. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange

62. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances

63.A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health

64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,