初中英语语法

初中英语语法
初中英语语法

初中英语语法:情态动词讲解及练习情态动词讲解及练习(ModalVerbs)

*情态动词也可称为“情态助动词(ModalAuxiliaries)”,因为它和基本助动词(be,do,have)都属于助动词类。*情态动词和其他动词连用,可表示说话人的语气。*情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。*情态动词没有人称和数的变化。*常用的情态动词有:can,could,may,might,shall,should,will,would,must,这九大情态动词;其他的还有oughtto,need,dare等。

一、九大情态动词的时态关系:

1.现在式can--过去式could

2.现在式may--过去式might

3.现在式shall--过去式should

4.现在式will--过去式would

5.现在式must--过去式must(常用hadto来代替)

二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”

(1)can和could用于表示“可能”或“预测”:

1.Hecan'tbeathome.他不可能在家。(否定句)

2.Canthenewsbetrue?这消息可能是真的吗?(将情态动词can置于主语thenews前就成疑问句)

3.Anybodycanmakemistake.任何人都可能犯错误。(只表示理论上的可能性)

(2)may和might用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”:

1.Itmayraintomorrow.(表示可能会发生)明天可能会下雨。

2.Itmaysnowlaterthisafternoon.(表示预测)今天下午可能会下雪。

3.Youmightberight.(表示有可能)你可能是对的。

(3)will和would用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”:

1.Ithinkhewillbeallrightnow.我想他现在一定好了。(willbe表示一定会)

2.Thatwouldbehismother.那肯定是他母亲。(wouldbe表示肯定是)

3.Hewillsittherehourafterhourlookingattheriver.

他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。(will表示经常的)

(4)shall和should用于表示“必定”:

1.Ishallberichoneday.(shallbe)总有一天我会发达的。

2.ThatshouldbeSamandhismother.(shouldbe)那准是Sam和他的母亲。

(5)must用于表示“必定”,“必会”:

1.Thismustbegoodforyou.(mustbe肯定)这肯定对你是有益的。

2.Allmankindmustdie.(表示必然会发生的事)所有的人一定会死的。

3.Mustn'ttherebeamistake?(mustn't多用于疑问句)那肯定会有错误吗?

三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”

(can,could,will,would,shall,should,may,might,must)

(1)can和could用于表示“许可”、“请求”:

1.CanIgowithyou?(请求)我能跟你一起走吗?

2.FathersaidIcouldgotocinema.(表示过去的许可)爸爸说我可以去看电影。

3.CouldIaskyousomething?(请求,用could比can更婉转)我可以问你一件事吗?

(2)will和would用于表示“请求”

1.Willyoukindlytellmethewaytothepostoffice?请问到邮局怎么走?(表示客气请求)

2.Wouldyougivemeyouraddress?请你告诉我你的地址,好吗?(用would比will表示更客气)(3)shall和should用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见

1.Shallwetalk?我们谈谈好吗?

2.Whatshouldwedonext?(用should比shall表示更客气)下一步我们该怎么做?

3.Shallhecometoseeyou?(用于第三人称疑问句)要不要他来看你?

(4)may和might用于表示“许可”(口语中多用can)

1.Youmaytakeawalk.(表示给予许可)你可以散散步。

2.Youmightreadthestoryforme.(比may更婉转)是否请给我读一读这故事。

3.MayImakeasuggestion?我可以提个建议吗?

4.MightItakealookofyourwork?我看看您的大作行吗?

5.Studentsmaynotmakenoiseinthelibrary.(maynot表示不许可或禁止)

学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。

6.IfImaysayso,youarenotright.(用于条件句,表示请求)

你是不对的,如果我可以这么说的话。

(5)must用于表示“禁止”,“不准”:

1.Carsmustnotbeparkedhere.(mustnot表示不许可)此地不准停车。

2.Allofyoumustn'tfishinginthepool.(mustnot语气方面比maynot更强)

你们不准在池里钓鱼。

四、情态动词表示“应该”、“必须”

(shall,should,may,might,must,oughtto)

(1)shall和should用于表示“必须”:

①.Eachmembershallwearanamecard.(表示规定)每一个会员必须配带名卡。

②.Ishouldanswerhisletterassoonaspossible.(表示应该)我应该尽快给他回信。

③.Youshouldn'tjudgeamanalwaysbytheclothes.(shouldn't“不应该”含有劝告的意思)

你不应该总是以貌取人。

④.TherulesshalltakeeffectonJan.1st.(shall用于规章等,表示义务和规定)

新规则于一月一日起生效。

(2)may和might用于表示“应该"(多用于法律等条文,一般上多用shall):

①.Paymentmaybepaidbycheck.(表示规定)应以支票付款。

②.Youmightaskbeforeyouusemycomputer.(might表示应该)

你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。

(3)must用于表示“必须”、“务必”:

①.Youmustkeeptheplaceclean.(务必)你务必保持地方干净。

②.Wemustobeyorders.(表示有义务)我们必须服从命令。

③.MustIpaynow?(用于疑问句)(如回答不必时,需用needn't或don'thaveto)

我现在就得付款吗?

五、情态动词表示“意图”、“打算”

(will,would,shall,should)

(1)will和would用于表示某种意图:

①.I'llcallyouassoonaspossible.(will主要用于第一人称)我会尽快打电话给你。

②.Willyouacceptthisinvitation?(用would则表示更客气)你愿意接受这邀请吗?

③.Whowilldothejob?(用于条件句,可用于各种人称)谁愿意做这事?

④.Wewon't(willnot)stayheretoolong.(willnot表示不愿)我们不愿呆在这里太久。(2)shall和should用于表示说话人的意图:

①.Weshan't(shallnot)goifitrains.(shallnot也可用willnot)

如果下雨,我们就不打算走了。

②.Ishan'tgowithyou.(shall只用在第一人称)我不打算和你一同走。

六、情态动词表示“意愿”

(will,would,shall,should)

(1)will和would:

①.Shewilldoitifyouaskher.(表示主语的意愿)如果你问她,她会做的。

②.Wouldyouhaveanothercupoftea?(用would比will客气)你想再来一杯茶吗?

③.Willyouhavesomecookies?(will用于疑问句,表示问人是否愿意)你想吃些烤饼吗?

④.Ifhewill,hecandoit.(will用于条件句,用于第二、三人称)如果他愿意,他会做的。

⑤.Wouldyouexcuseme?(would表示婉转语气)你能原谅我吗?

(2)shall和should:

①.Heshallgethisallowance.(注意是heshall,表示说话人的意愿)

他会拿到他的津贴的。

②.Youshouldsithereaslongasyoulike.只要你乐意,坐多久能行。

③.Shallyougotoschoolwithme?(疑问句中,表示问对方的意愿)

你愿意和我一起到学校去吗?

此外,情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要语法项目,也是全国各省市中考试题的一个考查热点,现在以全国部分省市中考试题为例,对情态动词的考点和热点作一分析。

一、考查can的用法

a.考查can表示能力的用法。

在这一用法中,can表示能力,意思是"能,会",其否定式can't表示"不能"。在过去时中用could和couldn't。例如:

1.---Where'sMr.Lee?Ihavesomethingunusualtotellhim.

---You________findhim.He________Japan.(黑龙江)

A.maynot;hasgoneto

B.maynot;hasbeento

C.can't;hasgoneto

D.can't;hasbeento

2.---Finishdrawingahorseintenminutes.OK?

---Sorry.It________insuchashorttime.(山东威海)

A.maydo

B.can'tbedone

C.mustdo

D.needn'tbedone

3.Ihavemyownroominmyhouse,soI________dowhatIwantinit.(江西)

A.must

B.haveto

C.needto

D.can

4.________youmendmycar?I______notstartit.(常德市)

A.Would;would

B.Must;must

C.Can;can

D.May;may

5.________sheridewhenshewasthreeyearsold?(长沙市)

A.Can

B.Could

C.Need

D.May

6.Theboy________answerthiskindofhardquestionsoneyearago.(四川省)

A.can

B.may

C.could

b.考查can表示推测的用法。

在这一用法中,can意为"可能",表示客观可能性,常常用于疑问句和否定句中。例如:

7.---Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMr.Li?

---No,it________behim.Mr.Liismuchtaller.(河北)

A.mustn't

B.maynot

C.can't

D.needn't

8.---Listen!Someoneissinginginthenextroom.Who________itbe?IsitWeiFang?

---No.It________beher.Sheisatschoolnow.(重庆市)

A.will;maynot

B.must;mustn't

C.may;can't

D.may;won't

9.---IsMr.Huinthereadingroom?

---No,he________bethere.HehasgonetoTianjin.(新疆)

A.mustn't

B.needn't

C.won't

D.can't

10.Class3wonthefootballmatch!________itbetrue?(广东)

A.May

B.Must

C.Will

D.Can

c.考查can/could表示请求许可的用法

在这一用法中,can和could都表示现在,用could比用can语气更加委婉客气,常用CouldI/you...?句式,表示"我/你能……吗?",若表示同意要用can,不用could。例如:

11.---CouldIlookatyourpictures?

---Yes,ofcourseyou________.(武汉)

A.could

B.can

C.will

D.might

12.________youpassmeapen?I'dliketowritedownthetelephonenumber.

A.Need

B.Could

C.Must

D.Should(北京市海淀区)

二、考查must的用法

a.考查must表示义务的用法。

在这一用法中,must意为"必须","应该",表示必须要做的事,其否定式mustn't表示禁止,即不许对方做某事。例如:13.---MayIgotothecinema,Mum?

---Certainly.Butyou________bebackby11o'clock.(安徽)

A.can

B.may

C.must

D.need

14.---SARSissuchaterribledisease.

---Yes,itis.We________bemorecareful.(浙江嘉兴)

A.can

B.may

C.must

D.need

15.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish________intotheriver.(重庆)

A.needn'tbethrown

B.mustn'tbethrown

C.can'tthrow

D.maynotthrow

16.Thesebooks________outofthereadingroom.Youhavetoreadthemhere.(辽宁)

A.can'ttake

B.mustbetaken

C.cantake

D.mustn'tbetaken

17.Cars,busesandbikes________stopwhentrafficlightschangetored.(上海市)

A.can

B.may

C.must

D.need

要注意must和haveto的用法区别:must表示说话人的主观看法,而haveto表示客观的需要,意思是"不得不"。例如:

18.---Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?

---Sorry,Ican't.I________takecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill.

A.can

B.may

C.would

D.haveto(南京)

回答must开头的一般疑问句,如果是否定的回答,要用needn't或don'thaveto,表示"不必","没有必要"的意思,不用mustn't,因为mustn't表示禁止或不许,意思是"一定不要"的意思。例如:

19.---MustIfinishtheworkbeforefiveo'clock?

---No,you________.(四川)

A.needn't

B.mustn't

C.haveto

20.---________Icomebackbeforefiveo'clock?

---No,you________.Butyou________bebacklaterthanseveno'clock.(烟台市)

A.Need;must;mustn't

B.May;mustn't;can't

C.Can;can't;can't

D.Must;needn't;can't

21.---MustIcleantheroomrightnow?

---No,you________.You________cleanitafterlunch.(徐州市)

A.needn't;can

B.needn't;may

C.mustn't;can

D.mustn't;may

b.考查must表示推测的用法。

在这一用法中,must意为"一定","肯定",表示可能性很大,通常用于肯定句,在否定句中要用can't,表示"不可能"。例如:

22.Susan'sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.It____beveryexpensive.

A.must

B.can

C.mustn't

D.can't(上海)

23.Thisbook________Lucy's.Look!Hernameisonthebookcover.(河南)

A.mustbe

B.maybe

C.can'tbe

D.mustn'tbe

三、考查may的用法

a.考查may表示请求许可的用法

在这一用法中,may表示许可或征询对方许可,表示"可以"的意思,常常与第一人称I连用,构成MayI...句式,表示"我可以……吗?"。肯定回答用Yes,youmay.;Yes,please.等;否定回答用No,youcan't.或No,youmustn't.,不用No,youmaynot。例如:

25.---________Ihaveyourname,please?

---Yes,Michael.M-I-C-H-A-E-L.(北京市东城区)

A.Must

B.Will

C.May

D.Need

26.---MayIgotothecinema,dad?

---No,you________.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.(浙江金华市)

A.mustn't

B.won't

C.don't

D.needn't

27.---MayIsmokehere?

---________,you________.Itcanbedangerous.(滨州市)

A.Yes;can

B.No;can't

C.Yes;may

D.No,needn't

b.测试may表示可能性的用法。

在这一用法中,may表示可能性,意思是"也许","可能",通常用于肯定句中。例如:

28.You________goandaskMeimei.She________knowtheanswer.(天津)

A.must;can

B.must;may

C.need;can

D.can;may

29.Lookout!Theknifeisverysharp.You________cutyourfinger.(宁夏)

A.need

B.must

C.should

D.may

情态动词使用“七注意”

情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语,需与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。使用情态动词时应注意以下七点:

一、表示“不能”的can't与mustn't的区别。

can't表示“不能”时,意指没有能力;

mustn't表示“不能”时,意指禁止或不允许。试比较:

Theoldmanissotiredthathe__________goanyfarther.

Thebabyisasleep.You__________makeanynoise.

二、表示“必须”的must和haveto的区别。

must表示说话人的主观看法;

而haveto则表示客观需要。试比较:

You__________finishtheworktoday.

Myfather__________workwhenhewastenyearsold.

三、回答must引导的一般疑问句时。

如果是否定回答,一般不用mustn't,而要用needn't或don'thaveto。如:—Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?

—No,you__________./No,you______________.

四、回答表示请求的may引导的一般疑问句时。

不可用maynot,而要用mustn't,也可用can't。如:

—MayIuseyourruler?

—No,you__________./No,you__________.

五、作为情态动词,need一般不用于肯定句中,仅用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。

在肯定句中,它用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面接带to的动词不定式或名词、代词作其宾语。如:

①You__________(没必要)comesoearly.

②He__________(需要)finishitthisevening.

③—NeedIfinishtheworktoday?

—Yes,you__________.

六、在回答could引导的表示请求的一般疑问句时。

不能用could回答,而要用can。如:

—Couldyoutellmehowtogettothehospital?

—Ofcourse,I__________.

七、“Mayyou+动词原形...”,意为“祝愿……”。如:

Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!

Mayyoubehappyeveryday!祝你天天快乐!

情态动词can和may的用法对比

can和may都是情态动词。情态动词本身有一定的意义,可以表示说话人的语气和态度或说话人对某种动作或状态的看法。情态动词在句中不能单独作谓语,后接动词原形,同时它也没有人称和数的变化。表示疑问时,只需把情态动词置于句首;表示否定时,在情态动词的后面直接加not.

一、情态动词can的用法

1.表示能力,意为“能、会”。如:

——Canyouswim?你会游泳吗?

——Yes,Ican.是的,我会。

——Canyouplaytheguitar?你会弹吉它吗?

——No,Ican’t.不,我不会。

2.表示请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以、能”等。如:

CanIhelpyou?我可以帮忙吗?

Youcangohomenow.现在你可以回家了。

3.用于否定句、疑问句中,表示猜测、怀疑或不肯定。如:

——Wherecanitbe?它可能会在哪儿?

——Itmaybeinyourpencil-box.也许在你的文具盒里。

二、情态动词may的用法

1.表示“许可、准许、请求许可”,此时与can同义,可以互换使用。如:

Youmay/cangotothecinemathisevening.你今晚可以去看电影。

注意:许可对方时,其答语可以用Yes,youmay.但由于用may作肯定回答,语气显得生硬、严肃,因而一般常用Yes,please./Certainly./Ofcourse.等。这些肯定答语显得热情、客气。如:

——MayIuseyourruler?我可以用一下你的尺子吗?

——Certainly.Hereyouare.当然可以。给你。

拒绝对方时,其答语可以用No,youmustn’t./No,youcan’t.或Sorry,youcan’t./No,pleasedon’t.等说法。如:

——MayIwatchTVnow?现在我可以看电视吗?

——No,youmustn’t.不,不可以。

2.表示可能性,意思为“可能、也许”,常用在肯定句中。如:

Hemayknowyou.他可能认识你。

ThemaygototheGreatWallnextweek.他们可能下周去长城。

注意:在否定句中一般不用maynot,常用can’t表示“不可能”。例如:

Hecan’tbeathometonight.今晚他不可能在家。

3.用于特殊疑问句中,表示不确定,常可译为“会”。如:

Whomaycallmeatnight?谁会在晚上给我打电话呢?

4.表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。如:

Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝你过得愉快。

Mayyoubehappy!祝你幸福!

【英语】图表讲解:情态动词

I.情态动词基本用法:

II.情态动词must,may,might,could,can表示推测:

以must为例。

must+do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行;

must+bedoing推测可能正在进行的事情;

must+havedone是推测可能已经发生过的事情。

1.must“肯定,一定”语气强,只用于肯定句中。

HemustbeamanfromAmerica./Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend./Hemusthavealreadyarrivedthere.

2.may和might“也许”,后者语气弱,更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。

Hemaynotbeathome./Theymighthavefinishedtheirtask.

3.can和could“可能”,could表示可疑的可能性,不及can’t语气强,用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.

Wecouldhavewalkedthere;itwassonear.(推测某事本来可能发生,但实际上没有发生)

Canhebeintheofficenow?No,hecan’tbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.(语气很强,常用于疑问句和否定句中)

III.情态动词注意点:

1.can和beableto:

都可以表示能力。但beableto可以表达“某事终于成功”,而can无法表达此意。Beableto有更多的时态。另外,两者不能重叠使用。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/153520037.html,edto和would:

usedto表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯,而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好,不涉及现在。

3.need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别:

两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为:

needn’t/daren’tdo;Need/dare…do…?

做实义动词时可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句。其形式为:

need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)todo,don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)need/daretodo

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

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一般现在时1定义 1

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1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 时间状语: always, usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month, hardly, ever,neve e.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 2.表示发生或者存在于说话之时的感觉,状态,和关系。时间的焦点在说话时的现在。 这样的动词有: know love have hear agree be think see taste feel seem look want belong require like等,这类动词的特点都有延续性,用一般时态就能表示动作或者状态的持续。 e.g. I see some twinkling stars in the sky. 3.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。 e.g. I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 5.表示格言或警句中。 e.g Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 6.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。 7.表示预先计划或安排好的行为。 8.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容,为了体现其“新鲜”性,也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。 ☆注意★:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 5

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