高中英语常见前缀

高中英语常见前缀
高中英语常见前缀

高中英语中常见的前缀

一个英语单词可以分为三个部分:前缀(prefix),词根(stem)及后缀(suffix)。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。

前缀:一般而言,前缀只改变词的含意,并不改变词的词性,有些前缀如en- ,under- 等却使原词改变了词性,如force (n 力量)— enforce (v 加强);rich (adj 富有)— enrich (v 使富裕);line (n 线)— underline (v 在……之下画线)。

常见的前缀有如下几类:

一.表示否定的前缀

1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。

disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)

2.in-加在形容词,名词之前

incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)

3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前

impossible(不可能的),impolite(不礼貌的)

4.il-加在以l开头的词前

illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的)

5.ir-加在以r开头的词前

irregular(不规则的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的)6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前

unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业)

7.non-加在形容词,名词前

non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的)

8.mis-加在动词、名词之前

misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸)9.dis-加地动词之前

disappear(消失),disconnect(失去联系)

二.表示“前before”的前缀

1.pre-

preface(前言)

2.ante-

anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者)

3.fore-

forehead(前额),foreground(前景),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言)

4.pro-

programme(计划),

5.ex-

ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)

三.表示“后-post”的前缀

1.post-

postwar(战后的),

四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀

1.sub-

subeditor(副编辑),subway(地铁),subconscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的),subtropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题)

五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀

1.re-

reconstruct(重建),return(返回)

六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀

1.co-

cooperate(合作),

七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀

1.inter-

interchangeble(可互换的),interdipendent(互相依靠的),international(国际的),

八.表示“出”、“超出”的前缀

1.extra-

extraordinary(非凡的),

九.表示“超过”的前缀

1.super-,ultra-

十.其它的前缀

1.auto-自

automatic(自动的),auto-autobilgraphy(自传)

2.mal-坏,恶

malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待)

3.micro-

microscope(显微镜),

4.tele-远

telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜)

5.demi-,semi- hemi-

semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)

6.uni-,mono-(单一,单独)

monologue(独白),uniform(制服)

7.bi-,di-二

biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),

8.tri-三

triangle(三角),

9.multi-多

multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的)

10.arch-首领

\architect(建筑师)

11.bene-善,好

benefit(利益),

12.philo-挚爱

philosopher(哲学家)

13.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自

avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstract(吸引)

14.apo- 来自

apology(道歉,谢罪),

15.se-分离

separation(分开),secure(安全的),

16.dia-通过,借以

dialogue(对话)

17.per-通过,彻底,不利

perfect极好的

18.trans-通过,横过

translation(翻译),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植)19.com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全

comment(评论)collect(收集),collaborate(合作,合著)20.en-,em-往……里,使……

encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会))21.intro-到……中

introduce(介绍),

22.ambi-,amphi-两者

amphibian(两栖的),

23.centi-百

centimeter(厘米),

24.milli-千

millimeter(毫米)

25.kilo-千

kilometer(千米),kilowatt(千瓦)

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词性转换总结与归纳 动词变名词 announce—announcement通知 equip 装备---equipment 装备,器材(不可名) settle—settlement定居,安定 achieve---achievement 成就 amuse--amusement 娱乐 manage---management 经营管理 advertise--- advertisement广告 agree— agreement同意disgree—disagreement不同意 argue---argument争吵commit—commitment奉献 develop---development发展 govern 统治—government 政府 describe—description描写,描绘erupt—eruption爆发 affect—affection影响 satisfy—satisfaction满意,满足select—selection挑选,选择

permit—permission允许admit—admission承认,允许invite—invitation 邀请,请帖devote—devotion献身,专注apply—application申请,申请书produce—production生产,产品protect—protection保护 educate-----education教育consider—consideration考虑attract—attraction 吸引力,吸引instruct—instruction 指导,介绍discuss—discussion 讨论appreciate—appreciation感激,欣赏recognize—recognition认出conclude—conclusion 结论 decide----decision 决定compete—competition比赛 express 表达----expression 词语;表达方式graduate 毕业—graduation operate—operation操作,动手术organize----organization 组织imagine—imagination 想象力

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1. You will be_____________ (able) to pass the exam if you don’t study hard. 2. There are lots of ________ (common) kinds of birds in Zhalong. Many people like to go birdwatching there. 3. It is ___________ (necessary) for you to walk the little dog once a week to the park. 4. It is ___________ (important) to keep quiet when you watch the birds and insects. 5. He feels _________(happy) because he lost his wallet. 6. There is a ________ (regular) rain in Sahara desert every year. 7. Is it __________(possible) to get to the city by train? 8. Some people are ___________ ( friendly) to birds. They throw stones to them. 9. Some people feel ____ (happy) that government give poor people such small and ____(comfortable) flats. 10. It is _______ (safe) to walk on the street at night. 11. We should keep students staying away from the ________ (healthy) books. 12. These trainers are too small. They are ______________(comfortable) to wear. 13. If someone does not show good manners to others, he is ____________(polite). 14. Jim never tells lies and he is an ___________ (honest) boy. 15. This girl is so __________(care) that she often makes mistakes in her homework. ◇江苏13城市中考试题汇编◇ 1. It's ________(friendly) of him to say such bad words to his classmates. (08常州) 2. Don't get _________(patient) about your personal trouble. (08无锡) 3. He seemed ______(friend) at first, but now I've got to know him and I realize he's warm and kind. (08徐州) 4. If someone doesn't show good manners to others, he or she is __________(polite). (08宿迁) 5. It’s so ___________(不公平的)! Mary gets more money for less work. (09镇江) 6. The basketball team was __________(luck) to lose in the final minute of the game. (09徐州) 7. In some ways, the space shuttles travel fast, but the journey to Mars may be very___(comfortable). (09泰州) 8. it’s ___________(possible) for us to finish so much work within so little time. We need help. (2010南通) 9. Simon is such a __________(honest) person that no one believes him. (2010扬州) 10. Don’t be ________(patient)! You should listen to what he is saying first. (2010常州) 11. It is _________(possible) for me to design the poster without your help. (2010泰州) 12. it’s not easy for those superstars to face ___________(无穷无尽的)interviews and doubts. (2010镇江) Keys:

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100 1. the 2. of 3. and 4. a 5. to 6. in 7. is 8. you 9. that 10. it 11. he 12. was 13. for 14. on 15. are 16. as 17. with 18. his 19. they 20. I 21. at 22. be 23. this 24. have 25. from 26. or 27. one 28. had 29. by 30. word 31. but 32. not 33. what 34. all 35. were 36. we 37. when 38. your 39. can 40. said 41. there 42. use 43. an 44. each 45. which 46. she 47. do 48. how 49. their 50. if 51. will 52. up 53. other 54. about 55. out 56. many 57. then 58. them 59. these 60. so 61. some 62. her 63. would 64. make 65. like 66. him 67. into 68. time 69. has 70. look 71. two 72. more 73. write 74. go 75. see 76. number 77. no 78. way 79. could 80. people 81. my 82. than 83. first 84. water 85. been 86. call 87. who 88. oil 89. its 90. now 91. find 92. long 93. down 94. day 95. did 96. get 97. come 98. made 99. may 100. part 200 101. over 102. new 103. sound 104. take 105. only 106. little 107. work 108. know 109. place 110. year 111. live 112. me 113. back 114. give 115. most 116. very 117. after 121. name 122. good 123. sentence 124. man 125. think 126. say 127. great 128. where 129. help 130. through 131. much 132. before 133. line 134. right 135. too 136. mean 137. old 141. boy 142. follow 143. came 144. want 145. show 146. also 147. around 148. form 149. three 150. small 151. set 152. put 153. end 154. does 155. another 156. well 157. large 161. such 162. because 163. turn 164. here 165. why 166. ask 167. went 168. men 169. read 170. need 171. land 172. different 173. home 174. us 175. move 176. try 177. kind 181. change 182. off 183. play 184. spell 185. air 186. away 187. animal 188. house 189. point 190. page 191. letter 192. mother 193. answer 194. found 195. study 196. still 197. learn

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neighbour [?ne?b?(r)] n. 邻居,邻人neighbourhood ['neib?hud] n. 四邻neither [ ?ni?e?(r)] a. 都不;也不nephew [?nevju?] n. 侄子,外甥nervous [?n??v?s] a. 紧张不安的 nest [nest] n. 巢;窝 net [net] n. 网 network [?netw??k] n. 网络,网状系统never [?nev?(r)] ad. 决不,从来没有new [nju?; (US) nu?] a. 新的;新鲜的New York [nju? j??k] n. 纽约 New Zealand [nju? 'zi:l?nd] * n. 新西兰New Zealander [nju? 'zi:l?nd?]n. 新西兰人news [nju?z; (US) nu?z] n. 新闻,消息newspaper ['nju?zpe?p?] n. 报纸 next [nekst] a. 最近的 nice [na?s]a.令人愉快; niece [ni?s] n. 侄女,甥女 night [na?t] n. 夜;夜间 night-club [na?t-kl?b] n. 夜总会 nine [na?n] num. 九 nineteen [na?n?ti?n] num. 十九 ninety [?na?nt?] num. 九十

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