上海高考英语作文命题及格容易高分难

上海高考英语作文命题及格容易高分难
上海高考英语作文命题及格容易高分难

高考英语作文命题:及格容易高分难

每年的高考试题,都被当作是下一学年教学的风向标。教师往往会极为重视近几年的高考试题,深刻领会测试内容的发展方向,进而对学生进行有效的指导,帮助他们在高考中把握题目的要领。

近几年,高考英语作文在改革的同时也出现了一些新的趋势,从2005年以来,极大部分年份考查了以文字描述作为提挈文章的关键词,而今年的上海高考英语试卷出现了以漫画形式提挈作文的“新”状况。形式虽然出乎大家的意料,但如果认真地翻阅今年英语高考的考纲,就会发现今年的高考英语考纲中写作部分给出的范文中就出现了两篇图表文文本。

如果大家再翻阅近几年上海高考英语试卷,我们会惊讶地发现近几年高考上海卷英语作文命题所出的作文出现了文字描述(纯文字描述和表格文字描述)和图片描述交相辉映的趋势。其实,图片描述和文字描述如出一辙,实质上还是描述文,只是形式上的差异罢了。笔者希望通过审视阅读作文的命题轨迹,对大家未来的英语教学和学习提出几点中肯的建议。

近几年高考上海卷中英语作文题目

■2010年高考

下图是小学新生的课堂一角,对照你当时的上课情况,作出比较并谈谈你的感受。你的作文必须包括:

●描述图片里学生上课的场景

●比较你同时期的上课情况

●简单谈谈你的感受(图片省略)

■2009年高考

某海外学校举行英语夏令营,开设了如下课程:园艺(gardening) ,烹饪(cooking),防身术self-defence),护理(nursing)。假如你是黄华(不可以用自己的真实姓名),写一封申请信,报名参加其中一门课程的学习。新的内容必须包括:

●你感兴趣的课程

●你希望从这们课程中学到什么

●为什么想学这些内容

■2008年高考

你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛(group dancing competition),班长希望大家积极参与。对此谈谈你的想法。

●你的文章必须包含以下内容:

●你是否参加比赛

●你决定做出该决定的具体理由

■2007年高考

以“礼物”为主题写一篇作文。该文章必须包括以下内容:

1.你送礼物的对象及所送的礼物;

2.该礼物对他(她)可能产生的影响或带来的变化。

■2007年春考

假如你是何林,在“笔友网”上看到以下两则寻友信息。从中选择—位作为你的笔友,并给他(她)写封信。信中必须包括以下内容:

1.简单介绍自己。

2.根据对方信息说明你想与他(她)成为笔友的原因。

3.你的期待。

(注意:信中不得使用自己的真实姓名。)

Name:CarolAndrews

Age:18

Nationality:British

Hobbies:Music, dancing and reading。

Notes: Looking for pen friends who want to learn about other countri es。

Name:Andy Jamieson

Age:17

Nationality:Australian

Hobbies: Sports, especially football;

traveling。

Notes: Looking for pen friends fromallover the world。

总结近几年秋考及春考上海卷的英语作文题目,笔者发现主要有以下几个趋势。

趋势1:从生活切入的描述性文章

纵观近几年高考英语作文的命题,几乎所有都是要求考生写一篇描述性的120-150字的英语文章。描述性的文章的特点在于,它比较容易“上手”,即学生看到题目不会一下子懵住,由于题目中带有较为详细的提示或者有着简单易懂的图片说明,学生下笔就显得比议论文更为容易。比如07年的题目是以“礼物”为主题要求考生写自己送出的一份礼物。看到这个题目,几乎所有考生的脑海里就会一下子涌现出生活中曾经送出过的礼物,经过整理并筛选,最终确定描写的对象。再如06年的春考英语作文题目是要求考生描述现在的居住情况等等。

另外,在文章的主题上大致可以分为两类,一是要求考生从描写生活中的一件事情入手的文章(比如10年、08年、07年和05年的高考,以及06年的春考),另外一类则是模拟一个生活中的情景,以此展开描述和分析(比如09年、06年和04年的高考,以及07年和04年的春考)。这两类题目的共同特点是文章的主题均与生活有着十分紧密的关系,即使是后面一类,题目中模拟的场景都是与考生的日常生活有密切关系的内容。

笔者认为,出现这一趋势的主要原因有两点:

一、命题来源于大多数考生在生活中经历过的事情,由于这是和考生的日常生活紧密相关的,而且即使是上述指出的既定给出的题目,题目也进行了详细的解释,因此考生几乎不会出现无话可写的尴尬局面。

二、大多数教高三的英语教师都曾经或者正在使用“猜题”的方法,即教师根据以往的高考试题以及教学大纲,给学生一系列的范围并且相应的给出许多写作模板和范文,让考生在考前将之熟记于心,当考试遇到接近的形式或者题目时,考生就可以一一套用,保证在考场上的稳定发挥。可是,现在高考英语作文命题出现的新趋势,使得这种复习的方法举步维艰。虽然题目是来源于生活的,可是毕竟生活的范围太广了,这就大大降低了教师和考生“猜题”的侥幸心理。因此若要写好作文,就必须稳扎稳打,重视平时的积累。这不仅有利于教学方法的优化,也有利于考生打下扎实的英语语言基础。

笔者认为,高考英语作文的主题越来越接近生活这是一个必然的趋势,这种趋势的目的是使考生将英语学习融入到生活中去,而不仅仅是脱离生活的、机械的学习,这也是应对中国学生在英语方面突出的“高分低能”的缺点的有效手段之一。

趋势2:英语作文的“语文化”

从上文中可以看出,高考英语作文这种从生活切入的主题似乎大大降低了其难度。但事实真的是这样吗?笔者对此持保留意见。虽然此类描述性的题目可以让学生更“有话可写”,可是我们必须注意到上述几乎所有的题目都有两个要求,描写只是其中的第一个要求,在我们看来那只是一个引子,仅仅是几句话带过的“述题”部分。而重头戏是后面的第二个要求,那才是评判作文质量的关键所在。还是以07年的高考为例,它要求在描写送出的礼物和所送的对象之后,还要写出该礼物对他(她)可能产生的影响或带来的变化。这就要求考生所描写的礼物对于接受礼物的人是有意义的,自然地,如果需要得到一个较高的分数,就要求考生在描写的背后揭示出具有一定深意的主题。再来看05年的高考,这次是要求以“天生我材必有用”为题。很明显,文章要求考生描写自己曾经做过的一件事情,从而证明人各有所长,无论才能大小都能成为有用的人。这就要求考生在选题上要花上一番心思,文章所描写的事情必须为文章的主题服务。尽量是一件小事,但是从这件小事上能够有“以小见大”的效果。所以说,虽然文章的主题和生活都是密切相关的,而且文章的素材也都是来源于生活的,可是考生在选题和文章的组织结构上必须多花些心思,这是不是同我们在处理高考中语文的作文题时的情形一样呢?

趋势3:及格容易,高分难

以前的英语作文,如果达到了要求的字数、基本无语法错误、思路清晰、表达及过渡流畅,一般达到这些要求,就能进入至少“中上”的档次。但是,描述性的文章不同于考生们平时常常接触到的议论文,它没有能够套用的固定模式,取而代之的是它对考生在文章结构的组织上提出更高的要求。因为一篇高考作文应该控制在120-150字之间,那么考生如何合理地安排呢?如果描述部分过多而忽略了中心的挖掘的话,那只能算是一篇“没有灵魂”的文章。因此,这里就要考验考生的概括和表达能力了,如何既做到“言简意赅”又能够表达清楚到位,这显然是比以前议论文一两句话的“述题”更为艰巨的任务。

另外,要想取得高分,还要求考生能够考虑那些别人想不到的主题。因为这里的描写可能会出现许许多多相近的表达,因此如果文章没有能够“脱颖而出”的地方,所得到的分数自然也比较普通。故要想取得高分,考生就要注重对于文章主题的挖掘,要让阅卷的老师看到你思想的光芒,发现你文章的闪光点。这些都是死板的模板、千篇一律的范文和单纯的描写所不能做到的。

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