形容词的比较级和一般过去时语法专项

语法专项（预习篇）

语法专项——☆形容词的比较级☆

当我们需要对事物作出比较时，需要用到比较级。英语中大多数形容词、副词是可以分等级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。形容词、副词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。如：John is a tall boy.两者间进行比较用到形容词比较级。如：Jim is taller than John.三者或者三者以上进行比较用形容词的最高级。Mike is the tallest of the three boys.(形容词最高级前一定要加the)

1. 形容词比较级：在英语中，两者进行比较，强调"一方比另一方……"，可使用"形容词比较级＋than" 结构

比较级的句子结构通常是：

什么+ 动词be （am ，is ，are ）+ 形容词比较级+ than（比）+ 什么，如：I’m taller and heavier than you. （我比你更高和更重。）

An elephant is bigger than a tiger. （一只大象比一只老虎更大。）

形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的，它的变化规则是：

①一般的直接在词尾加er ，如tall - taller ，strong - stronger ，

②以e结尾的，直接加r ，如fine –finer ，

③以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i再加er，如funny - funnier

④双写最后的字母再加er，如big –bigger，thin –thinner ，

除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的，如：

many / much（原形）–more（比较级）–most（最高级）

good（原形）–better（比较级）–best（最高级）

bad （原形）–worse（比较级）–worst（最高级）

far（原形）–further–furthest

附加：形容词的最高级变化类似于比较级，只是把词尾的er改成est，如：

tall （原形）- taller （比较级）- tallest （最高级）

long（原形）- longer（比较级）- longest（最高级）

big （原形）- bigger（比较级）- biggest（最高级）

2、需要掌握的形容词比较级的形式：

tall-taller, short-shorter, old-older, young-younger, strong-stronger, heavy- heavier, long-longer, thin-thinner, big-bigger, small-smaller

语法专项预习——一般过去时

一、概念

表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。

时间状语：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday（前天），last night，last week，last month，last year，a moment ago（刚才），just now（刚才），two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。

二、动词过去式的构成规律

(一)规则动词的过去式

1．一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed；

look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited

2．以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d；

live→lived use→used

3．以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将y 改为i ,再加–ed；

study→studied, tr y→tried fly→flied

4．以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加–ed。

stop→stopped plan→planned, prefer→preferred

(二)不规则动词的过去式

1．改变动词中的元音；

begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoke take→took write→wrote get→got

2．变词尾的–d 为–t ；

build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent

3．与动词原形一样；

cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut

4．变-ay 为-aid (少数动词)；

say→said pay→paid lay→l aid

5．采用不同词根；

sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought

6．其他。

am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

三、加“-ed”后的读音方法

1.ed加在清辅音后面读/t/。

finished /-t/ help /-t/ asked /-t/

2.ed加在浊辅音或元音结尾的，读/d/。

played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/

3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面，读/id/。

wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/

四、句型结构：

1．在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过式was，were构成。

如：（1）I was at home yesterday.昨天我在家。

（2）We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。

2．在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。

如：I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。

3．各种句式

（1）一般过去时的肯定陈述句：

主语＋动词过去式＋宾语或表语。

He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.

（2）一般过去时的否定句：

a．主语＋didn’t ＋动词原形＋宾语。(did + not = didn't)

He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.

b．主语＋wasn’t/weren’t ＋表语。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't) He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.

（3）一般过去时的一般疑问句：

a．Did ＋主语＋动词原形＋宾语？

Did you study English in 1990 ?

（肯定回答：Yes, I did. 否定回答：No，I didn’t.）

b．Was/Were + 主语＋表语？

Was he a pupil five years ago ?

(肯定回答：Yes, he was. 否定回答：No, he wasn’t.)

（4）一般过去时的特殊疑问句：

a．特殊疑问词＋did + 主语＋动词原形＋宾语？

Where did your parents live five years ago？

What did you do last Sunday？

b．特殊疑问词＋were/was ＋表语？

Who was at the zoo yesterday?

五、句式变化

（一）一般过去时的一般疑问句

1．把was, were放在句首，其余位置不变。由Was…？引导的一般疑问句，肯定答为：Yes，…was. 否定回答为：No，…. wasn’t. 由Were…？引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为：Yes，… were. 否定回答为：No，… weren’t.

如：

（1）I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?

→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)

（2）They were in Li Yan’s home last night. →Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?

→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)

2．在行为动词的句子中，要用助动词词did来引导，其余的语序不变。要注意的是，要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为：Yes, …did. 否定回答：No, …didn’t.

如：John played computer games last night.→Did John play computer games last night?

→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)

（二）一般过去时的否定句

1．在表示过去存在的状态的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。

如：

（1）He was in the park the day before yesterday.

→He was not in the park the day before yesterday.

(2)We were busy last week.

→We were not busy last week.

2．在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中，要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即：didn’t + 动词原形。

如：

（1）She played the violin last night.

→She didn’t play the violin last night.

(2)They swam in the lake yesterday.

→They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.

(三)、一般过去式的特殊疑问句

1.What did …?（主要是询问过去发生了什么事情，注意要把过去式改为动词原形。）

We ate Chinese food last night.

→What did we eat last night?

2.Where did ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)

They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.

→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?

3.Who + 动词过去式…?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)

Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.

→Who climbed mountains last weekend?

六．小结. 过去式的肯定、否定、疑问及简短回答

1. 过去式的肯定、否定、疑问及简短回答的形式可表示如下：

肯定句：I (He, She, We, You, They) went there by bus.

否定句：I (He, She, We, You, They) didn't go there by bus.

疑问句：Did I (he, she, we, you ,they) go the by bus?

简短回答：Yes, I (He, She, We, You, They) did.

No, I (He, She, We, You, They) didn't.

2. 动词be的肯定、否定、疑问及简短回答形式如下：

肯定句：I (He, She) was there.

We (You, They) were there.

否定句：I (He, She) wasn't there.

We (You, They) weren't there

疑问句：Was I (he, she) there?

Were we (you, they) there?

简短回答：No, I (he, she) wasn't.

we (you, they) weren't.

(word完整版)小学六年级语法：一般过去时

教案教学设计一般过去时 1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常用的时间状语：yesterday, just now , a moment ago , last week,last year,last Friday,last National Day holiday,the day before yesterday... 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t） ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t） ⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were 后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则：

1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked ,shout-shouted ,point-pointed, 2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted , like-liked 3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied 5．不规则动词过去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat ,become-became, take-took,can-could,swim-swam, bring-brought,drive-drove 过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式 is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be动词的过去时练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空。 1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited. 二、句型转换。 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2.I went to the park last weekend. (改为一般疑问句) ________________________________________________________ （改为否定句）_________________________________________________________ 三、中译英。 1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。___________________________________________________________ 2．他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。___________________________________________________________ 3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。___________________________________________________________

形容词比较级最高级专项练习题

形容词比较级最高级专项练习题练习： 1. old ______ _______ 2. busy _________ _____ 3. thin ________ _______ 4. many _________ __ 5. slow ________ _____ 6. delicious _________ __ 7. bright __________ ___ 8. lazy________ ____ 9. safe _________ _____ 10. bad__________ _____11. Well_________ ____12. sad _________ _____ 3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks ______ _ (fat) than before . 4. Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken 5. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book. 6. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (s mall) than a watermelon. Chen is __________ _________than Mr. Wang. (popular) 8. Mr. Lin ________ ________ _________ Mr. Brown. (sad) 9. Question A _______ ________ _________ ____Question B. (important) 10. A rose ________ ________ __________ __ a weed(野草). (beautiful) 11. He is ________than any other boy in the class.（clever） 12. Tom drives much ________ ________than John. (careful) 三、最高级的用法 ①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the十最高级”的结构表示．这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语．例如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three．He works (the) hardest in his class. 练习： 1. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chi nese and he is the _________ (bad) at English. 2. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world. is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think. 4. The basketball _______ ________ ________ the baseball. (big) 5. Question A _______ ________ _________ ________ Question B. (importa nt) 6. A rose ________ ________ __________ ________ a weed(野草). (beautifu l) 7. Toronto is _____ ______ city in Canada. (large) 8. Playing computer games is______ _____ _____ of all the activities.(intere sting).

初二英语一般过去时语法知识点讲解

初二英语一般过去时语法知识点讲解学习内容： ·什么是一般过去时 ·1秒钟识别一般过去时 ·2个词走遍一般过去 ·听话的动词小朋友过去式变化 ·叛逆的动词小朋友过去式变态什么是一般过去时一般现在时的反义词这是一般过去时 I walk my dog every day. 我每天都遛狗 I didn't walk my dog yesterday，because it was too cold. 我昨天没有遛狗，因为昨天太冷了。这是一般过去时 ·过去的某个时间 ·发生的动作 ·或者状态

1秒钟识别一般过去 Every day yesterday the day before yesterday Every week last week last year Every year two days ago Last系列before系列ago系列just now 2个词走遍一般过去 Be 动词实义动词Am was do did Is were Are 听话的动词小朋友 1.一般情况，直接加ed Walk- open- want- 2.以不发音的e 结尾，去e+ed Live- move- hope- 3.以辅元辅重读闭音节结尾，双写加ed Stop- plan- beg-

4.以辅音字母+y结尾，把y变成i+ed Study- carry- cry- 叛逆的动词小朋友没有变化 Put 放- cut切- hurt伤害- Read读- let让- hit打- Cost花费- 叛逆的动词小朋友变态变a 变ght 变t 变ew 变o 变a https://www.360docs.net/doc/172717554.html,e- 2. become- 3. begin- 4.drink- 5.have- 变ght 1.Drink- 2.fight- 3.bring- 4. buy- 5.catch- 变t 1.feel- 2.sleep- 3. sweep- 4. keep- 5.Spend- 变ew 1.blow- 2.know- 3.grow- 4.draw- 5.throw-

小学英语形容词的比较级专项练习

形容词加er的规则： ①一般的直接在词尾加er ，如tall - taller , strong - stronger , ②以e结尾的，直接加r ，如fine - finer , ③以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i再加er，如funny - funnier ④以结尾，双写最后的字母再加er，如big--bigger, thin--thinner ,hot–-hotter，sad--sadder，fat—fatter 另外多音节词，在多音节词前加more 如：beautiful--more beautiful，expensive--more expensive 除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则。如：many / much（原形）- more（比较级）- most（最高级） little / few（原形）- less （比较级）- least（最高级） good（原形）- better（比较级）- best（最高级） bad （原形）- worse（比较级）- worst（最高级） far （原形）-- further-- furthest 一、请写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。 big ______ ______ small ______ ________ new ______ ________ tall ______ ______ short______ ________ old______ ________ weak ______ ______ strong ______ ______ fat______ ________ hot ______ ______ cold ______ ________ thin ______ ________ nice ______ _____ good ______ ________ high______ ________ bad ______ ______ much ______ ________ low______ ________ well ______ ______ far ______ ________ little ______ ________ cheap______ ______ easy ______ ________ ugly ______ ________ heavy ______ ______ cute ______ ________ fine______ ________ early ______ _____ tidy______ ________ bright______ ________ large ______ ______ happy ______ _______ pretty______ ________ young _______ _______wet _____ _______ long______ _______ clean_______ _______ dirty_____ ______ lovely______ _________ famous________ __________ boring __________ _____________ interesting ________ __________ important ________ ____________ delicious _________ __________

(完整版)八年级上册英语语法《一般过去时》知识点整理

一般过去时 1.一般过去时:表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.一般过去时结构: 1）Be动词:主语+Be的过去式（was /were）+其它。 2）实义动词：主语+V-ed+其它。 3.一般过去时的标志词: yesterday昨天 yesterday morning 昨天上午 last year去年just now刚才 two days ago两天前in 1999在1999年情景提示等。 4. 一般过去时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及简略回答。 1)Be动词: (1)肯定句:主语+was/were +其它 . I was late yesterday. 昨天我迟到了。 We were primary students 5 years ago. (2)否定句:主语+was /were＋not +其它. We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到) (3)一般问句:be动词提前。Was/Were + 主语+其它? I was ill yesterday. (改一般疑问句) →Were you ill yesterday? （你昨天病了吗？）肯定回答：Yes, I was. (是的，我病了。) 否定回答：No, I wasn't. (不，我没病。) (4)特殊问句:对谓语动词进行提问的：疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋其它(一

般疑问句)？I was born in 1997. →When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2)实义动词： (1)肯定句:主语+V-ed +其它。 I called up my good friend just now. (2)否定句: 主语+didn’t +V原形+其它 I didn’t argue with Tom last week. (3)一般问疑句：Did +主语+ V原形+其它？ I bought a souvenir in 2010. (改一般疑问句) →Did you buy a souvenir in 2010? 肯定回答：Yes, I did. 否定回答：No, I didn’t. (4)特殊疑问句: 疑问词+did +主语+ V原形+其它？ I went to HongKong last year. →Where did you go to HongKong last year? 5. 变化规则（1）、规则动词的变化规则：（1）一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。如：play―played work―worked （2）以e结尾的动词只加d. 如：like--- liked love―loved , （3）以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词，变Y为I，再加ed. 如：study―studied carry―carried （4）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加ed. 如stop―stopped

小学六年级英语形容词比较级练习题

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一般过去时语法讲解

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