关于英语复合句的分析

关于英语复合句的分析
关于英语复合句的分析

关于英语复合句的分析

" 论文关键词:复合句名词性从句形容词性从句状语从句

论文摘要:英语语法中复合句是一大难点和重点。高中阶段主要是学习复合句知识以及怎样运用这些知识解决语法题和提高阅读能力。如何学好复合句对英语学习和考试有极大的决定性作用。其实复合句是简单句的扩展,只要借助简单句的句型结构分析推理出复合句的主干结构,弄清从句是何种从句,然后再根据从句相应知识点解决语法问题或理解句子。

复合句就是由主句加从句构成的。从句,指这个句子虽然能表达完整意思,但是它却是作为另一个句子(主句)的某成分而存在。主句与从句之间的关系就是,从句是主句的成分,从句可能是主语、宾语、表语、定语或者状语。两个简单句子组合成并列句需要并列词,那么主句与从句组合成复合句就需要关系词。主语从句需要的关系词与定语从句或状语从句需要的不一样,因此从句也有分类的。从句分三大类:名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

只要按步步为营的心态,解决复合句应该不会很难的。我们接触了简单句、并列句和复合句,我们怎样区别它们呢?在这里,我提出区别的标准:句子原则。

句子原则1:一个句子只能有一个谓语,谓语由动词构成。

句子原则2:如果一个句子有多个动词,只有一个是谓语动词,其它为非谓语动词。

句子原则3:如果一个句子有多个谓语,那么这个句子可能是并列句或者是复合句。如果有并列连词,就是并列句,如果没有就是复合句。以上的原则对句子分析是很有帮助的,请熟记之。

虽然我们可以根据句子原则推理出复合句,但是怎样判断究竟是主语从句还是定语从句呢?如果要判断从句,我们按照"三步骤"分析句子。下面我们分析一些例子。

1、Who will go to the conference is not important. 句子中文意思:谁将参加会议并不重要。根据句子原则3,因为没有并列连词,所以是复合句。接下来,我们必须学会判断哪个谓语是主句的谓语,哪个是从句的谓语。首先我们看到who,可是句末不是问号,所以who 应该不是引导复合句的特殊疑问词而是关系词,因此who will go to the conference 是从句。那么is 就是主句的谓语,主句的句子结构是主系表结构,is 前面就应该是句子主语。从句who will go to the conference是主语,即主语从句。

2、The question is whether we shall run out of food soon. 句子中文意思:问题是我们的食物是不是很快吃完了。根据句子原则3,因为没有并列连词,所以是复合句。接下来,我们必须判断哪个谓语是主句的谓语,哪个是从句的谓语。首先我们看到whether,我们了解到whether 是引导名词性从句的关系词,那么whether引导的句子应该是名词性从句。那么shall run out of food 就是从句的谓

语而is 就是主句的谓语,即主句的句子结构是主系表结构。is前面的the question就应该是句子主语, 后面的从句whether we shall run out of food是表语,即表语从句。 "

3、His mother who loved him very much died in 1818. 句子中文意思:他非常爱他的母亲死于1818年。根据句子原则3,因为没有并列连词,所以是复合句。接下来,我们必须判断哪个谓语是主句的谓语,哪个是从句的谓语。首先我们看到who,who既可引导名词性从句又可以引导定语从句。怎样区别呢?前面的分析让我们形成一种推理的习惯,即who引导的句子为从句,那么who loved him very much 应该是从句,而his mother died in 1818应该是主句。下面我们要判断主句是否完整。因为to die为不及物动词,那么句型结构为主谓结构,所以主句就完整了。如果句子主干完整,我们就要考虑次要成分,即定语或者状语。定语从句的关系词才有who,而状语从句没有who关系词。因此,who loved him very much是定语从句。提到定语从句,我们要想到"先行词",即被定语从句修饰的名词,位于定语从句前面。定语从句的先行词为his mother,即定语从句修饰his mother。

根据上面的分析推理,我们可以了解了名词性从句的特点。名词性从句就是充当主句的名词成分。英语中的名词一般可以充当句子的主语、宾语、同位语和表语,所以就有主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。那么我们在根据上面表格的关系词推导出从句,然后找出主句,再根据英语五个基本句型分析主句,看看主句缺少究竟是

主语、宾语、同位于还是表语。但是,定语从句和状语从句又不一样,因为定语和状语是句子的次要成分。我们也是根据关系词找出从句和主句,然后根据英语五个基本句型分析主句。如果主句已经完整,那么关系词引导的从句就是定语从句。状语从句,那就更容易。如果我们背熟了状语从句的从属连词,只要看到状语从句从属连词,我们就可以大胆地判断出状语从句。面对复杂句时,我总结一下分析步骤:

1 根据句子原则判断是否为简单句、并列句还是复合句。

2 如果为复合句,根据关系词找出从句和主句。

3 分析主句是否完整:如果主句不完整,从句为名词性从句;如果主句完整,从句为定语从句或状语从句。

4 根据关系词或从属连词推导出究竟是哪类从句。

英语复合句是英语语法学习重点与难点之一。学好复合句,可以提高我们英语阅读能力。以上只是本人对复合句分析的总结,希望这份分析对英语学习者带来帮助。

参考文献: [2]《当代句法学导论》温宾利外语教学与研究出版社2002.9.

[3]《语言研究》George Yule 外语教学与研究出版社 2000.8.

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