形容词及其比较级和最高级(讲义简略版)

形容词及其比较级和最高级

I.形容词（adj.）修饰名词, 在句子中作定语和表语。

e.g. The beautiful girl speaks good English.(用于名词之前，作定语)

There’s something interesting in the newspaper. (用于不定代词之后，作后置定语)

The boys are clever. (用于be动词之后，作表语)

II.形容词的顺序：限观型龄色图国材

III.形容词比较级（-er）和最高级(-est)

1.变化规则

1)adj.(单音节或部分双音节)＋er/est:

tall-tall er-tall est; great-great er-great est; fast-fast er-fast est; long-long er-long est;

clever-clever er-clever est

2)–e +r\st:

nice-nice r-nice st; large-large r-large st; late-late r-late st;safe-safe r-safe st

3)“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节，变y为i 加er\est:

easy-eas ier-eas iest; busy-bus ier-bus iest; early-earl ier-earl iest;

cloudy-cloud ier-cloud iest; windy-wind ier-wind iest; friendly-friendl ier-friendl iest;

lovely-lovel ier-lovel iest; ugly-ugl ier-ugl iest; happy-happ ier-happ iest;

lonely-lonel ier-lonel iest

4)重读闭音节(倒数辅元辅)，双写最后一个字母＋er/est:

big-big ger-big gest;hot-hot ter-hot test; thin-thin ner-thin nest; sad-sad der-sad dest;

fat-fat ter-fat test; wet-wet ter-wet test; mad-mad der-mad dest; slim-sli mm er—sli mm est

5)部分双音节和多音节词，在该词前加more\the most:

important- more important- the most important;

beautiful- more beautiful- the most beautiful

6)以ing和ed结尾的形容词，在该词前加more\ the most:

boring-more boring-the most boring；bored-more bored-the most bored;

interesting-more interesting-the most interesting

7)不规则变化：

good/well-better-the best; bad/ill/badly-worse-the worst;

many/much-more-the most; little-less- the least;

8)以下形容词没有比较级和最高级：

wonderful, favourite, fantastic, final, last, perfect, excellent, right, wrong, only, full

2.用法

1)比较级：A＋动词＋形容词的比较级＋than+ B

His brother is young er than I/me.

Hangzhou is more beautiful than Chengdu.

Are you feeling better(than before)?

2）在形容词比较级前可以用much, even, still, far, a little, a bit, a lot, 以加强语气Our city is much more beautiful than yours(=your city).

Japan is a little larger than Germany.

He’s even slower than before.

2)表示倍数：…times+形容词比较级＋than…

Our room is twice larger than theirs. (我们的房间比他们的大两倍)

This river is ten times longer than that river.

3)表示“大几岁”，“高几厘米”：表示数量的词＋形容词比较级

I’m two years older than you.

She’s a head taller than I/me. (她比我高一个头)

4)表示“比其他任何。。。都。。。”：比较级＋than any other+ 名词单数

He is better than any other student in the class. （他在班里比任何一个学生都好)

＝He is the best in the class.

= He is better than the other students in the class.

This watch is more expensive than any other watch in the shop.

= This watch is the most expensive one in the shop.

= This watch is more expensive than the other watches in the shop.

5)表示“越来越。。。”：比较级＋and ＋比较级

The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和

China is more and more beautiful.

6)表示“越。。。就。。。”：the +比较级。。。，the +比较级。。。。

The busier he is, the happier he feels.

The richer she becomes, the happier she is.

7)表示“两个中比较。。。的”：the +比较级＋of the two

This watch is the cheaper of the two.

Of the two girls, Lynn is the cleverer.

8)形容词的原级比较：A+动词＋as 形容词原级as +B

Tom is as honest as John. Tom 和John 一样诚实。

My dog is as old as that one.

He is not as/so careful as I. 他不如我细心。(注意否定句)

＝He is more careless than I.\ I am more careful than him.

The weather in Beijing is not as/so hot as that in Wuhan.

=The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing. （代替前面出现过的名词用that 和those）

The students in Class 1 are as clever as those in Class 2.

9)最高级：A+动词＋形容词最高级＋of/in…(形容词最高级前必须用the)

Tom is the happiest of us.

This park is the most beautiful of the three.

She is the youngest in the class.

10)表示“是最。。。之一”：one of the +形容词最高级

Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.

Richard Gere is one of the most successful film stars in Hollywood today.

11)序数词＋最高级

Huanghe is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二长河。

China is the third largest country in the world.

12)用于现在完成时态中

She is the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen.

副词及其比较级和最高级

I.副词的种类

1．频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never(情态动词，be动词，助动词之后；

行为动词之前)

2．时间副词：today, soon, now

3．地点副词：here, there, home, out

4．程度副词：very, much, enough, nearly

5．方式副词：well, fast, carefully, slowly(放在动词之后，修饰动词)

II形容词与副词的转换

1．adj.+ly→ adv.:quick-quick ly; bad-bad ly; slow-slow ly; kind-kind ly; careful-careful ly;

final-final ly

2．-y→i+ly: easy-eas ily; heavy-heav ily; happy-happ ily; noisy-nois ily

3．-le→ly: terrible-terribl y, possible-possibl y, simple-simpl y

4．adj.和adv.同型: late, early, fast, well, far, hard, high, right, wrong

She arrived at school late (adv.) today. She is late(adj.) today.

The plane flew past a high (adj.) tower. The bird flies high (adv.) in the sky.

This kind of wood is hard(adj.坚硬的). She studies hard(adv.努力地)

.

III副词的比较级和最高级

1．规则：

1)与adj.同型的adv.，比较级和最高级与形容词的比较级和最高级一样。

2)以ly 结尾的adv., 在该词前加more\ (the) most

simply--- more simply---most simply

2．用法：

1)I got up earlier than my mother this morning.

She drives more carefully than her husband.

2)I like spring better than winter. (更喜欢。。。)

Which do you like better, red or blue?

3)They run much faster than me.

4)He drives more carefully than any other person in his family.

= He drives (the) most carefully in his family.

= He drives more carefully than the other people in his family.

5)The plane is flying more and more quickly.

6)The more you eat, the fatter you become.

7)He walks as slowly as you (do).

She loves her school as much as her own home.

I don’t speak as/so fast as you.

= I speak more slowly than you

= You speak faster than I

8)Tom can run (the) fastest in our school. (副词最高级前the 可以省掉)

She dances (the) best of all.

I like autumn (the) best (of the three seasons).