习题 专题7 情态动词和虚拟语气习题
1. —That must be a mistake.
—No, it _____ a mistake.
A. must not be
B. needn’t be
C. cannot be
D. would not be
2. —_____ I water the trees on Tuesday?
—No, you needn’t.
A. Can
B. Must
C. May
D. Shall
3. He _____ not pay unless he is punished to pay.
A. shall
B. will
C. can
D. would
4. I _____ such a mistake again.
A. shall never make
B. may never make
C. can never do
D. need never do
5. —_____ I turn on the radio?
—You’d better not. It is noisy enough in this room.
A. Shall
B. Must
C. Need
D. Do
6. Let’s go to the library this afternoon, _____?
A. shall we
B. will we
C. can we
D. should w e
7. Where are my keys? I _____ lost them.
A. ought to
B. should have
C. will have
D. must have
8. Even if he has time, he _____ shopping in town on Sunday.
A. won’t go
B. will go
C. won’t go to
D. doesn’t go
9. He _____ finished earlier.
A. shall have
B. ought to
C. could have
D. must have
10. In case I _____, I would try again.
A. will fail
B. would miss
C. should fail
D. shall miss
11. Since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.
A. it must rain
B. it must have rained
C. it must be rained
D. it must have been rained 12. He asked me if he _____ open the window.
A. shall
B. would
C. will
D. should
13. Everyone _____ do his best to make the world safe and clean.
A. can
B. may
C. should
D. had t o
14. _____ to have lunch with us today?
A. Do you like
B. Would you like
C. Will you like
D. Have y ou like
15. —Will you lend me your book?
—Yes, I _____.
A. will
B. need
C. can
D. must
16. If I had time, _____ see that new movie at the Capital Theater.
A. I will
B. I may
C. I shall
D. I would
17. The English of her composition is too good. She can’t _____ i t herself.
A. have to write
B. have written
C. write
D. be written
18. You _____ the look on his face when he won the lottery.
A. would have seen
B. can be seeing
C. must see
D. may see
19. The light is out in her room; she _____ to bed.
A. must have gone
B. had gone
C. must be going
D. must go
20. They _____ that far; but they stopped to have a snack on the way.
A. might be gone
B. needed go
C. could have gone
D. ou ght have gone
21. He _____ to the farm yesterday.
A. need go
B. needed go
C. has to go
D. had to go
22. He is so strong that I _____ fight against him.
A. dare not
B. did dare not
C. didn’t dare to
D. dare n ot to
23. I couldn’t _____cry while I was watching the movie “To live
A. help to
B. help
C. help but to
D. hel p but
24. They asked Tom to give him a drink, but he _____.
A. hadn’t
B. wasn’t
C. wouldn’t
D. could
25. As physics is hard enough, I _____ study it.
A. am not able
B. couldn’t
C. am not able to
D. cann ot
26. You _____ to the meeting this morning if you have something important to doA. needn’t to come B. don’t nee d come
C. don’t need coming
D. needn’t come
27. _____ you fetch me some hot water?
A. Can
B. May
C. Must
D. Might
28. You _____ get down the bus until the bus has stopped.
A. can’t
B. needn’t
C. mustn’t
D. don’t
29. —Would you come and join us?
—I wish I _____. I am busy at the moment.
A. can
B. could
C. would
D. should
30. You _____ right, but I don’t think you are.
A. may be
B. could be
C. would be
D. should be
31. She looks so sad. She _____ ill.
A. can be
B. should be
C. must be
D. will be
32. He _____ away. We don’t see him anywhere around.
A. may go
B. must go
C. can go
D. must have gone
33. He is much richer than what he _____.
A. would be
B. must be
C. used to be
D. c ould be
34. The little kid _____ not touch the dog.
A. need
B. dare
C. ought
D. c ould
35. I want to go to the hospital, but you _____ with me.
A. need to not to go
B. do not need go
C. need not go
D. ne ed go not
36. When he was old, Mr Smith _____ sit for hours without sayin
g anything.
A. would
B. should
C. must
D. will
37. Mary _____ be in London because I saw her in town just now.
A. mustn’t
B. isn’t able to
C. may not
D. canno t
38. The door is still closed. He _____ the key.
A. must have lost
B. must lose
C. need have lost
D. can lost
39. The bus had left, so we _____ walk home.
A. have to
B. ought
C. had to
D. must
40. You _____ see her, but I must.
A. haven’t
B. cannot
C. mustn’t
D. need n’t
41. “ _____ you play baseball?” “No, I _______”.
A. Can; may
B. Can’t; can’t
C. May; can’t
D. can; can
59. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and ____ _ free.
A. did; set
B. had done; sho uld be set
C. should do; be set
D. had done; mu st be set
60. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could underst and and use ____
A. can; it
B. /; /
C. would; it
D. may; /
61. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game ____ _ put off.
A. for; to
B. that; be
C. which; should be
D. to; being
62. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.
A. would be sent
B. should send
C. be sent
D. must be sent
63. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. will protect
B. should protect
C. shall protect
D. are protecting
64. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
A. are
B. were
C. would be
D. would have been
65. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
A. Will there be
B. Should there be
C. There will be
D. There should be
66. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave
B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave
D. If he leave
67. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved
B. would have be en saved
C. will be saved
D. had been saved
68. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
A. would
B. should have
C. may
D. have
69. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
A. I am
B. I would be
C. I was
D. I were
70. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. would lend
B. would have lent
C. could lend
D. may have lent
71. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
A. have caught
B. had caught
C. could have caught
D. were to catch
72. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”
--- “No, but I wish I _____”
A.have
B.will
C. do
D. had
73. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
A. I may have failed
B. I’d fail
C. I’d have failed
D. I’ll have failed
74. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
A. I’m deciding
B. I’ll decide
C. I decided
D.
I decide
75. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow
B. would snow
C. snow
D. will snow
76. If only I _____ my watch!
A. hadn’t lost
B.haven’t lost
C. didn’t lost
D. do n’t lose
77. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his ad vice.
情态动词与虚拟语气
情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗？ would 可能性较will 小不会、不该（较won’t 弱）会,,吗？（较will 弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t 同义）有可能吗？（较can 弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may 弱）可能不（较may not 弱） 注意→（1）may，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can 常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
虚拟语气语法讲解与习题
虚拟语气 一．语气的分类： 二．虚拟语气的用法： （一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法： ---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反) ---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反) ---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反) 2．特殊用法： ①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。 ---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now. ②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。 ---Were I you, I would give it up. ---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. ---Should she come, I could ask her for help. ③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。 ---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. ---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况） ---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况） ④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…” ---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life. ---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. （二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法： 1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求） ---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句) ---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句) ---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句) ---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句) ---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。 ---His pale face suggested that he was ill. ---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.
复习专题 情态动词常用的解题技巧
复习专题情态动词常用的解题技巧 一、初中英语情态动词 1．Rock music ______ sound popular with the young, but it's not the favor of the aged people. A. must B. need C. should D. may 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：摇滚音乐在年轻人中听起来受欢迎，但是它不受上了年龄的人的 赞同。must, 表示猜测时，指把握比较大的肯定猜测，肯定……；need需要；should,应该；may，表示把握比较小的肯定猜测，可能，也许。结合句意，故选D。 【点评】考查情态动词辨析，注意几个常见情态动词的意思和用法。 2．— Sorry, I forgot to take money with me. Maybe I can't buy the book you like. — Mum, you ______ worry about it. We can pay by Alipay （支付宝）. A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——对不起，我忘记带钱了。也许我不能买你喜欢的书。——妈妈，你不用担心。我们可以用支付宝支付。A. can't不能，指不允许或否定推测；B. needn't 不需，指没必要；C. mustn't不能，表禁止；D. shouldn't不应该，表建议。根据句意语境， 本句是说妈妈不需要担心，故答案为B。 【点评】考查情态动词。理解句意并掌握情态动词的意义和用法区别。 3．According to the law, traffic keep to the left in England. A. may B. must C. need D. can 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：根据法律规定，在英国车辆必须靠左形式。A.may可以，表示允许；B.must必须，表示要求；C.need需要，表示必要性；D.can能，表示能力。根据According to the law,可知法律的要求，应是必须的，应用must，故答案为B。 【点评】考查情态动词。掌握情态动词的常用法。 4．Teenagers allowed to drive . A. should not be B. should be not C. not should be 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：年轻人不应该被允许驾车。Should是情态动词，其否定表达一般 在在后面加副词not，故选A。 【点评】此题考查含有情态动词的被动语态的否定形式。平时注意记忆情态动词的记忆和 用法。 5．—Where is Mom now? —I'm not sure. She _________ be in the kitchen. A. shall B. may C. need D. must
(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 含答案
专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢.结合句意，故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句
专题七_情态动词和虚拟语气(5年高考3年模拟)
专题七情态动词和虚拟语气(5年高考3年模拟) 2013-2017年高考真题选粹 题组1情态动词的基本用法 1.[2017北京,21]Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf. 2.[2016天津,5]It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended. 3.[2015浙江,4]It was so noisy that we ________ hear ourselves speak. 4.[2015陕西,21]You ________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it. 5.[2014四川,6]I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends. 6.[2014重庆,3]I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ________worry about cooking when we get home tired. 7.[2014北京,27]________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long. 8.[2013江西,29]When I was a child, I ________watch TV whenever I wanted to. 9.[2013安徽,34]It________ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. 10.[2013新课标全国Ⅰ,29]The door ________open, no matter how hard she pushed. 11.[2013重庆,26]—What are you doing this Saturday? —I’m not sure, but I________go to the Rolling Stones concert. 12.[2016甲卷(全国Ⅱ)改错]We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. ________ 13.[2015新课标全国Ⅰ改错]We must found ways to protect our environment. ________ 题组2"情态动词+have done"的用法 14.[2015天津,7]I ________have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 15.[2015福建,27]—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
情态动词与虚拟语气
一．情态动词 1.---Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes,of course you_____. A.might B. will C. can D. should 2.---Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which _____do yourself? A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B need C should D can 4.A computer __think for itself ,it must be told what to do. A. can’t B couldn’t C may not D might 5. Johnny,you ___play with the knife.You ___hurt yourself. A.won’t ;can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 6.—Shall I tell John about it? -----No,you _____.I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B.wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ----______. A.I don’t B.I won’t C.I can’t D.I haven’t 8.He ____you more help,even though he was busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 9.----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ___a comfortbable journey. A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 10.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I ___for her. A.had to write it out B.must to have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 11.---When can I come for photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ___be ready by 12:00. A.can B. should C might D need 12.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh,did you?You ____with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 13.-----Alice, you feed the bird today.____? -----But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you 14.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could
情态动词虚拟语气练习及答案
@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ） 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(一)
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析（一） 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示假设，或用来表示命令、建议以及说话人的主 观愿望，有时也可以使语气缓和、委婉。虚拟语气作为一重点语法，在各类考试中占有相当 大的分值，所以理解该语法，不管对于考试，还是在日常应用中都有相当大的作用，本节将 就考试重点作详细讲解。 一、虚拟语气的用法 常用于条件句中，表示与现在、将来、过去相反的假设，表示与现在、将来、过去相反假设时，主句与从句谓语动词的变化形式，现以动词do为例说明。 主句从句现在would/should/could/might + do be 宀were/do 宀did 将来 would/should/could/might + do were to + do/should + do （只能用should）过去 would/should/could/have done had done注：有些语法书中在"与将来相反假设”的条件从句中也有do i did，这样就和“与现在相反假设”的主句、从句完全相似，其主要区别在于各自的时间状语上，另外如果在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中出现should+ do，那么主句 中就避免使用should+do，可以用would/could/might+do。 例句：If you were to exam ine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006 s World Cup tour name nt, you would most likely find a no teworthy quirk. （选自2007 年Text 1） 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：假如你去调查2006年世界杯上每位足球运动员的出生证明，你很可能会发现一 个值得注意的现象。 例句：If that happe ned, passi on ate con sumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.（选自2011 年Text 3）分析：该句是复合句，表示与现在相反的假设。其中，分词短语putting the reputation of the target company at risk在句中作状语，表示结果。 译文：这种情况一旦发生，充满激情的消费者会尽力说服他人抵制产品，从而使目标企业的声誉处于危 险境地。 例句：Everything here would have been destroyed utterly , if his wife hadn t called the fire brigade. 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：要不是他的妻子给消防队打电话，这里的一切就被彻底地破坏了。 二、混合式虚拟语气 有时条件从句和主句时态不一致，可以根据主句、从句动作发生的时间分别运用相应的 虚拟语气。 例句：He would be studying at the university now if he had passed the entrance exam in ati on.
最高考高考英语语法精讲精练专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
最高考届高考英语语法精讲精练-专题七-情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
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专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点 近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。 1情态动词所表示的多种含义 1. can和could的用法 ①表示能力。如： I can run fast. ②表示客观可能性。如： An experienced driver can have an accident at times. ③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如： —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如： Can this be true?
How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. 2. may和might的用法 ①表示许可。如： You may drive the car. —May/Might I use your pen? —No，you mustn't. ②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! ③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如： He may be very busy now. ④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如： No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up. 3. will和would的用法 ①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如： I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen. ②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如： Will/Would you please keep the door open? ③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如： She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. He would get up early when he lived in the country. 4. should的用法 ①表示现在或将来的责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”，这时它可以和 ought to，be supposed to 互换使用。如： You should(＝are supposed to ) complete your test in time. ②表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常意为“可能；总该……吧”，相当于 be expected to。如： They should be home by now，I think. ③用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。如： I should think it would be better to try it again. ④用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，意为“万一”，这时也可将should置于从句之首，即将should放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如： Should I (＝If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. ⑤用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why，who，how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常意为“竟会，居然”。如： A gentleman like him should be rude to a lady! ⑥用于虚拟语气句中(略)。 5. ought to的用法 表示应该、推测，相当于should。如： You ought to take care of him. 6. shall的用法
2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词 章振邦语法书页数标注
Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017 A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度, 而非过去时间, 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me? B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help . Want, wonder, think, hope
2017 牛津译林英语 7B 语法专题七 情态动词和感叹句
Unit 7 Abilities 语法专题七情态动词和感叹句 一核心语法内容梳理 1 情态动词can, could的用法 1）can 的用法 Can表示某人具有某种能力，意思为“能，会”，也表示客观的可能性，是“能够，可能”的意思，后接动词原形，适用于所有人称。 2）could为can的过去式，表示“能，可以”，另外could可用来代替can,表示更为客气委婉的语气，用来提出要求。 2 感叹句的用法 感叹句用来表示强烈的感情，能表达喜悦、愤怒、悲哀、惊奇、厌恶和赞赏等。在口语中常用省略句，后面的主语和谓语往往省略，有时只用一个词或词组表达。 1）以what开头的感叹句，what作定语，修饰名词（名词前也可以有其他定语），可数名词单数形式前要加不定冠词a/an. What a clever boy (he is)! 多么聪明的孩子！ 2）以how开头的感叹句，how作状语，修饰形容词，副词或动词。如： How blue the sky is! 天空多么蓝啊！ 3）疑问句形式的感叹句：有些感叹句采用一般疑问句形式表示，以否定词开头，在口语中读降调。如： Isn’t it a lovely view? 多美的景色啊！ 二、巩固练习 1 根据句子意思，选用can, could, can’t, couldn’t, may 填空。 1 Last year I ________ row a boat, and now I________, either. 2 Simon ________swim when he was only seven years old. 3 Lucy________ ride a bike half a year ago, but now she________ do it very well. 4 It ________be right. But I am not sure. 5 --Could I use your dictionary, please. --Of course you________. 6 --________I smoke here? --No, you can’t. 7--Who________ it be? --I think it might be Bob. 8 The water in the river is polluted. Tom ________catch any fish in it. 9 --Whose car is this? --I don’t know. Ask Daniel. He________ know. 10 My little brother ________be a good student because he is very lazy. Keys: 1-5 couldn’t, can’t; could; could, can; may; can 6-10 Can/May; might; can’t; may; can’t 2 用what, what a, what an, 或how填空 1 __________ beautiful the Tianmu Lake is! 2 __________ wonderful the basketball match is! 3 __________ interesting class it is!
情态动词和虚拟语气
要点一情态动词的基本用法 ,could 【温馨提示】 can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 ,might 【温馨提示】 may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 ,would 【温馨提示】 would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。
,should,ought to ,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must的问句时,否定回答通常用needn’t或don’t have to。(2) mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”;而don’t have to表示“不必”。(3) must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态的变化。 的用法 的用法
【温馨提示】 (1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。 (2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。 要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法 have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just can’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。 It’s no use going to his may not have gone may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to
情态动词和虚拟语气
谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气) 要点一情态动词的基本用法 【温馨提示】can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 2.may,might 【温馨提示】may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 【温馨提示】would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。 4.shall,should,ought to
5.must,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用 needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’t have to 表示“不必”。(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。 7.dare 的用法 【温馨提示】 (1)dare 用作情态动词有dare,dared 两种形式。 (2)dare 用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to 可省去,但dare 以动词-ing 形式出现时,不定式符号to 不能省略。 要点二 “情态动词+have done ”的用法 1.must have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can ’t/cannot have done 。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just now.He can ’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 2.could have done 意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn ’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 3.may/might have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done 意为“可能没有做……”。 It ’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。 他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 4.should/ought to have done 表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done 表示“本不该做某事却做了”。