英文学术写作常用几种标题程式

英文学术写作常用几种标题程式

Dynamic behavior of pile groups

An linear analysis on dynamic behavior of pile groups under earthquake using dynamic and iterated I R S techniques

Model reduction using dynamic and iterated IRS techniques

addressing/considering …

based on….

from/i n the perspective of …

in light/framework of …

through/via/from/with/under…

An iterative approach to viscous damping matrix ide nti?catio n

a … study on/of…

an … analysis of/on…

a probe into…

a … method for ..

英文报刊标题特点及其翻译技巧

英文报刊标题特点及其翻译技巧

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目录 一、引言 (4) 二、英文报刊标题的词汇特点 (4) (一)常用简短词 (4) (二)常用缩略词 (4) (三)常用节缩词 (5) (四)常用外来词 (5) (五)常用新词 (6) 三、英文报刊标题的句法特点 (6) (一)省略 (6) (二)一般现在时的广泛使用 (7) (三)大量使用动词的非谓语形式 (7) (四)灵活使用标点符号 (7) 四、英文报刊标题的修辞特点 (8) (一)借代 (8) (二)比喻 (8) (三)双关 (8) (四)引用 (9) (五)夸张 (9) 五、英文报刊标题的翻译技巧 (9)

浅谈英文报刊标题特点及其翻译技巧 摘要:英文报刊标题提纲挈领,是新闻报道的灵魂。本文从词汇、句法和修辞的角度概括分析探讨了英文报刊新闻标题的文体特点及其翻译技巧。 关键词:英文报刊新闻标题;词汇;句法;修辞;翻译技巧 一、引言 报刊标题是新闻报道的眼睛,是读者在尽可能短的时间里获取最大信息量的语言媒介。好的标题往往是言简意赅、短小精悍,具有传神达意和吸引读者的作用,读者可以由标题的内涵悟出主旨,从而阅读那些证明、阐发或衬托标题的内容。由此可以看到,正确全面地理解英文报刊标题,是有效进行英文报刊阅读的难点和重点。标题提纲挈领,最富特色,从词汇、句法和修辞的角度分析概括英文报刊标题的文体特点能帮助读者提高英语阅读水平和了解西方社会文化。 二、英文报刊标题的词汇特点 一般来说,报刊文章用词简洁明了,画龙点睛,独具匠心,耐人寻味。英文报刊标题的用词也显著地体现了报刊这一文体的特点。 (一)常用简短词 英文报刊用词最大的特点在于简短词的使用。简短词,就是指短小精悍或字母、音节较少的词语。报刊版面的有限性决定了标题篇幅必须使用简短词来节省空间。新闻的时效性也要求标题的用词简洁明了。同时,简短词的使用更有利于文章的编辑和换行。而且小词词义范畴宽广生动,能为报道起到画龙点睛的作用。如:separation=rift(隔阂);pledge= vow(宣誓);opponent = foe(敌人)。 World Eyes Mid-East Peace Talks(eyes=watches, observes 关注); With Jobs Cuts, New York is Losing War of Brooms (cuts=reductions 裁减) (二)常用缩略词 缩略词又称为首字母缩略词,指将一个词组中的几个单词的首字母合起来组成一个新的单词。缩略词的用法很广泛,在英文报刊标题中扮演着十分重要的角色。如:NPC drafts new law to stem corruption (NPC =The National People’ s Con gress 人大);PLO says big Israeli drive

毕业论文英文参考文献与译文

Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of

英语报刊新闻标题的特点

英语报刊新闻标题的特点 摘要:新闻标题是英语新闻中很重要的组成部分,因为标题是读者在尽可能短的时间里获得尽可能多的消息的语言媒介,在新闻报导中起着独特的作用。对于读者来说,读懂标题是阅读英语报刊的第一步。英语新闻标题形式纷繁多样,但有其内在规律和特点,有其独特的标题词汇、语法体系和修辞手段。本文从词汇、语法及修辞三方面探讨英语新闻标题的特点:简约、概括、省略、新鲜、有趣等。 语言学习主要是一个实践的过程,对于英语学习者来说,阅读英语新闻报刊是接触现代英语脉搏的一条捷径。新闻标题是读者学习阅读报刊英语的第一步,而很多读者最初阅读英语报刊时,首先遇到的难题是标题。刚开始阅读英语报刊的读者普遍遇到这样的问题:标题里的单词都认识,意思却不懂或似懂非懂。因为报刊的标题往往具有简约、省略、风趣等特点,不仅要高度概括新闻的主要内容,起到画龙点睛的作用,而且为了引人入胜要尽量把标题制作得标新立异和富有色彩,使读者“一见钟情”。 由于受版面限制,标题有时难免过于简约,使中国读者难以理解;有时由于文化背景方面的原因,标题也会给读者造成理解上的困难,加之英文报刊种类繁多,立场风格各异,作者或编辑制作标题的习惯千差万别,因此大大增加了读懂标题的难度。但是如果掌握了制作标题的内在规律及标题特点,就可以有效地理解标题的含义。从词汇、语法和修辞角度来说,英语新闻标题有一套独特的标题词汇、语法体系和修辞手段。 1. 词汇 简约概括是新闻标题的一大特点,为达到此目的,英语新闻标题广泛使用名词、缩略词和所谓“小词”(Midget Words)。 1.1 名词 “名词具有很强的表意功能,同时又具有广泛的语法可容性(Grammaticality)。它可以充当多种词类,可以以简约的结构形式表达完整的句法概念。”名词(包括动名词、复合名词等)可以广泛用以作单词式标题或代替形容词(名词叠用)、词组和从句。 (1)用名词作单词式标题 Entrepreneurs (创业者发迹史) Wineswomanship (妇女酗酒问题) Harvesttime (收获期见闻) (2)名词叠用 Miracle Rescue (神奇般获救) Taiwan’s UN Entr y Proposal Opposed (台湾进入联合国提议遭到反对) Cabinet Papers Leak Inquiry (内阁文件泄密事件调查工作) (3)名词代替词组或从句

英文论文翻译

汲水门大桥有限元模型的分析 By Q. W. Zhang, T. Y. P. Chang,and C. C. Chang 摘要:本文提出的有限元模型修正的汲水门大桥的实施,是位于香港的430米主跨双层斜拉桥。通过三维有限元预测和现场振动测试,对该桥的动力特性进行了研究,。在本文中,建立的有限元模型的更新,是基于实测的动态特性。一个全面的灵敏度研究证明各种结构参数(包括连接和边界条件)的影响是在其所关注的模式进行,根据一组的结构参数,然后选择调整。有限元模型的更新在一个迭代的方式以减少之间的预测和测量频率的差异。最后更新的有限元模型,使汲水门大桥能在良好的协议与所测量的固有频率状态,并可以进行更精确的动态响应预测。 简介: 汲水门大桥(图1),位于大屿山及香港湾岛之间,是世界上最长的斜拉桥,是公路交通和铁路交通两用桥梁。为确保其结构的完整性和操作安全性,桥梁已经配备了一个相当复杂的监测系统,包括仪器参数如加速度传感器,位移传感器,液位传感器,温度传感器,应变计,风速仪(Lau and Wong 1997)。由Chang 等人通过有限元预测和现场振动测量对该桥的动力特性进行了研究(2001)。三维有限元(FE)模型,它是基于非线性弹性梁元件构建的塔和甲板上的桁架单元,电缆,和弹性或刚性连接的连接和边界约束[图1(d)]。桥面,包括钢/混凝土框架结构在大跨度和梯形箱梁的中心部分的剩余部分,是使用一个单一的脊柱通过剪切中心桥面的。由于截面的非整体性,通过一个虚拟的等效单片材料来表示复合甲板。这是通过等效的整体桥面的质量和刚度性能检核的复合甲板了。由Chang证明(1998),对截面模量的计算细节可以通过改变报告发现。电缆,另一方面,使用的是线性弹性桁架单元模拟。非线性效应由于电缆张力和下垂的电缆进行线性化,采用弹性刚度等效模量的概念考虑。有限元模型包括464个梁单元,176个桁架单元,和615个节点,总共有1536个自由度。 一般的有限元建模,给出了该桥的物理和模态特性进行详细的描述,而现场振动测试则是作为(理想化的)有限元模型评估基础信息的重要来源。有限元计算结果与现场振动试验表明在自然频率合理的相关性和桥的振型。然而,在预测

英文报刊常用术语

英文报刊常用术语 Accredited journalist n. 特派记者advertisement n.广告. advance n.预发消息;预写消息 affair n.桃色新闻;绯闻 anecdote n.趣闻轶事 assignment n.采写任务 Attribution n. 消息出处,消息来源Back alley news n. 小道消息 back grounding n.新闻背景 Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。banner n.通栏标题 beat n.采写范围 Blank vt. "开天窗" Body n. 新闻正文 boil vt.压缩(篇幅) Box n. 花边新闻 Brief n. 简讯 bulletin n.新闻简报 Byline n. 署名文章 caption n.图片说明 caricature n.漫画 carry vt.刊登 cartoon n.漫画 Censor vt. 审查(新闻稿件),新闻审查chart n.每周流行音乐排行版 clipping n.剪报 column n.专栏;栏目 columnist n.专栏作家 continued story 连载故事;连载小说contributing editor 特约编辑contribution n.(投给报刊的)稿件;投稿contributor n.投稿人 copy desk n.新闻编辑部 copy editor n.文字编辑 correction n.更正(启事) correspondence column读者来信专栏correspondent n.驻外记者;常驻外埠记者cover vt.采访;采写 Cover girl n. 封面女郎 covert coverage 隐性采访;秘密采访 crop vt.剪辑(图片) crusade n.宣传攻势 cut n.插图vt.删减(字数)

英文报刊标题特点及其翻译技巧

目录 一、引言 (2) 二、英文报刊标题的词汇特点 (2) (一)常用简短词 (2) (二)常用缩略词 (2) (三)常用节缩词 (3) (四)常用外来词 (3) (五)常用新词 (4) 三、英文报刊标题的句法特点 (4) (一)省略 (4) (二)一般现在时的广泛使用 (5) (三)大量使用动词的非谓语形式 (5) (四)灵活使用标点符号 (5) 四、英文报刊标题的修辞特点 (6) (一)借代 (6) (二)比喻 (6) (三)双关 (6) (四)引用 (7) (五)夸张 (7) 五、英文报刊标题的翻译技巧 (7)

浅谈英文报刊标题特点及其翻译技巧 摘要:英文报刊标题提纲挈领,是新闻报道的灵魂。本文从词汇、句法和修辞的角度概括分析探讨了英文报刊新闻标题的文体特点及其翻译技巧。 关键词:英文报刊新闻标题;词汇;句法;修辞;翻译技巧 一、引言 报刊标题是新闻报道的眼睛,是读者在尽可能短的时间里获取最大信息量的语言媒介。好的标题往往是言简意赅、短小精悍,具有传神达意和吸引读者的作用,读者可以由标题的内涵悟出主旨,从而阅读那些证明、阐发或衬托标题的内容。由此可以看到,正确全面地理解英文报刊标题,是有效进行英文报刊阅读的难点和重点。标题提纲挈领,最富特色,从词汇、句法和修辞的角度分析概括英文报刊标题的文体特点能帮助读者提高英语阅读水平和了解西方社会文化。 二、英文报刊标题的词汇特点 一般来说,报刊文章用词简洁明了,画龙点睛,独具匠心,耐人寻味。英文报刊标题的用词也显著地体现了报刊这一文体的特点。 (一)常用简短词 英文报刊用词最大的特点在于简短词的使用。简短词,就是指短小精悍或字母、音节较少的词语。报刊版面的有限性决定了标题篇幅必须使用简短词来节省空间。新闻的时效性也要求标题的用词简洁明了。同时,简短词的使用更有利于文章的编辑和换行。而且小词词义范畴宽广生动,能为报道起到画龙点睛的作用。如:separation=rift(隔阂);pledge= vow(宣誓);opponent = foe(敌人)。 World Eyes Mid-East Peace Talks(eyes=watches, observes 关注); With Jobs Cuts, New York is Losing War of Brooms (cuts=reductions 裁减) (二)常用缩略词 缩略词又称为首字母缩略词,指将一个词组中的几个单词的首字母合起来组成一个新的单词。缩略词的用法很广泛,在英文报刊标题中扮演着十分重要的角色。如:NPC drafts new law to stem corruption (NPC =The National People’ s Con gress 人大);PLO says big Israeli drive

论文中英文翻译

An Analysis of Cooperative Principles and Humorous Effects in Friend s 合作原则的分析和在朋友的幽默效应 Humor is a very intriguing and fascinating phenomenon of human society, which is multidimensional, complex and all pervasive. Therefore, many scholars and experts at all times and in all over the world have done profound research on humor. 幽默是人类社会的一个非常有趣和引人入胜的现象,这是多方面的,复杂和无孔不入的。所以,在任何时候,在世界各地的许多学者和专家总是对幽默进行深入的研究。 The significant functions of humor have aroused the interest of many scholars. About 2,000 years ago, people began the research on humor. However, the study of humor is not a simple task for the reason that it is an interdisciplinary science drawing upon a wide range of academic disciplines including biology, psychology, sociology, philosophy, geography, history, linguistics, literature, education, family science, and film studies and so on. Moreover, there are different reasons and purposes for humor. One may wish to be sociable, cope better, seem clever, solve problems, make a critical point, enhance therapy, or express something one could not otherwise express by means of humor. 显著幽默的功能已引起许多学者的兴趣。大约在2000年前,人们对幽默开始研究,然而,这项幽默的研究不是一个简单的任务,理由是它是一个跨学科的科学绘图在各种各样的学科,包括生物学、心理学、社会学、哲学、地理、历史、语言、文学、教育、家庭科学和电影研究等。此外,幽默有不同的原因和目的,人们可能希望有点大男子主义,随机应变,似乎是聪明,解决问题,使一个临界点,加强治疗,或表达的东西不能以其他方式表达幽默的方式。 Within the 20th century, linguistics has developed greatly in almost every area of the discipline from sounds, words and sentences to meaning and texts. Meanwhile, linguistic studies on humor have also extended considerably to social, cultural, and pragmatic concerns. One of the most noticeable achievements in linguistics over the

英语新闻标题特点

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例3: July 13, 2011 China Daily CNOOC’s new oil spill in Bohai Bay Control system failure at oilfield blamed for third leak since June 例4: March 6-7, 2010 China Daily Pledge to narrow gap welcomed Addressing social divide takes govt priority 二、标题的类型 1. 陈述式 例: 1) Girls Die in Blaze 2) Taiwan Recognizes Mainland Currency 2. 设问式 例:1)Oil Price to Rise 2) Korea Unity in Five Years 3) Murder on Campus: Can It Be Averted 3. 引语式

论文外文翻译

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