谢孟媛初级文法讲义1_60讲

谢孟媛初级文法讲义1_60讲
谢孟媛初级文法讲义1_60讲

孟媛初级文法讲义(1-30课)

孟媛英文初级文法第1集笔记

名词的功用。当主语,补语,受词

1. 名词的种类单数/复数

普通名词 book pencil. dog. Spaceship宇宙飞船、

例如 I like dogs。我喜欢狗。

集合名词 class, family, audience 听众。

例如 1. My family is large. 我家是一个大家庭。

2.My family are all early risers 起早的人。我家人都起的很早.

专用名词。------ Bob, Smith, April, London. 专用名词前不能加冠词、后面不加S。下面的专用名词需要加上定冠词。

例如 The united states . 美国 The united Nations .联合国。

物质名词---glass glasses wood woods paper newspaper butter fruit meat sugar air gas water

数字+容器(度量衡)+ of +物质名词

例如 a loaf of bread 一片面包。 Loaves of bread 很多面包

a cup of coffee. 一杯咖啡。Two cups of coffee.

a sheet of paper. 一纸。Sheep(绵羊) Two sheets of paper. 两纸

a spoonful of sugar 一勺糖。

a kind of fish 一种鱼

抽象名词-------beauty美丽 honesty诚实 love爱 live居住

life(生活) patience 耐心happy幸福的 happiness 幸福 music 音乐。

2. 名词的数-------个数1单数/ 个数2 以上是复数(七种变化)

1、例如 dog---dogs book ---books girl ---- girls

2、名词字尾为 s. sh. ch .x. o----+ es 如 classes buses dishes benches boxes

注意名词字尾为字音+ O 复数名词+es 如tomato---tomatoes

也有例外的如 photo---- photos phone() Piano----pianos

3、名词字尾为+y 的复数名词要去y + ies

如 baby-babies boy(男孩) cowboy(牛仔) story(小说)---stories city---cities lady----ladies

4、名词字尾为f 或fe 去 f/fe + ves

如 leaf叶------ leaves knife—knives wife---- wives

也有例外。 Handkerchiefs 手帕。Chiefs 酋长 Roofs 屋顶

5、不规则变化的复数名词字尾加 en , 或 ren 如 Ox ---oxen , bull cow cowboy chicago bulls child----- children

6、改变母音如 man---men / woman --- women / goose----geese/ tooth/teeth/ mouse /mice Old couple(老夫妇)

7、单复数同行如 fish , deer chinese japanese

One fish / two fish a kind of fish 一种鱼 two kind of fishs 两种鱼

3. 名词的所有格形成

单数名词------名词’s 例如The boy’s schoolbag

Joan’s dress

复数名词-------名词s’ 例如 a girls’ school

these students’ teacher

字尾非s 的复数名词---名词’s 例如children’s playground操场Child(儿童)play(玩耍)ground(n.地面,土地;基础;围;阵地,战场vi.搁浅,停飞;着陆vt.把…放在地上;在…的基础树立上;交给…基本知识;使…受初步训练v.grind的过去式和过去分词)特别注意的所有格用法共同所有格及个别所有格

共同所有格----- 名词+名词+名词’s

个别所有格--------名词’s +名词’s +名词’s

例句 1 Harry and Bill’s father is a scientist harry 和bill 的爸爸是个科学家。

2.Harry’s and Bill’s fathers are scien tists harry 的爸爸和bill 的爸爸是科学家.

(无)生物所有格 A 的 B = B of A

如桌子的脚 the legs of the table

车门 the door of the car

女孩子的名字the girl’s name有生命的东西可以这样用 the name of the girl

所有格之后的名词如在句中非常容易理解时可以省略。

例如1. she’s going to the dentist’s 她要去看牙医,

牙医(dentist)。Scientist(科学家)

2.I met him at the barber’s(shop)我在理发店遇见他。Barber

(理发师) Shop(店铺)省略

3. We like to eat lunch at McDonald’s 我们在麦当老吃午餐。

4 . 冠词

冠词可分为不定冠词a / am 及定冠词 the 它通常放在名词前用来修饰名词。

a/ an 的用法子音开头的单数用 a母音开头的单数用 an 母音有5个AE I OU

如 a book a girl a young man

An apple an umbrella an old womana/ an 的发音

Old couple

I read a novel, 我读一本小说I read a novel。 not two

the 的用法----母音前读(低)子音前的读(则)

例如 please shut the door .请把那门关上(特指一定要加the )The rich aren’t always happy. 有钱并不是幸福。

孟媛英文初级文法第2集笔记

Until 2 be动词一般动词的现在时

1. be动词的现在时am are is / 是. 在。。。的意思

例如1 . we are happy.. 2. she is in America.(the united states u.s)主词+ be 动词第一人称 I am a boy.第二人称 you they 复数名词+are You are my sons .你们是我的儿子。第三人称的单数加 Is 。He is my student

Be 动词的否定, am/ are / is + not

He is not a good baseball player. He isn't good baseball player

Be动词的疑问句肯定句----主词+ am/ are /is ..疑问句 am / are / is +主词。。。that is his camera-------------Is that his camera?

The girl is a junior high school student 这个女孩是中学生。

Senior high school. 高中生、Is the girl a junior high school student?

Be 动词开头的疑问句可用yes 或 no 回答

Is that man your math teacher 。那个男人是你的数学老师吗?Yes. He is / no he isn’t

Are you eating your lunch ? 你吃中午饭了吗?yes, I am / no, I am not

主词+一般动词------现在式中主词为第三人称单数一般动词+S 或ES例如。 I like dogs / we like dogs

You like dogs / you like gods

He likes dogs 第三人称单数+S 一般动词加S或eS

的方法1. 大部分动词加S发音为

如 works plays

A. 一般动词字尾为 o .s .sh. ch. 时加 es-------如 goes washes watches

B. 一般动词字尾音为 y 时去 y 加 ies --------如 cry-cries study-studies

Have 和has --------have (有吃)的单数动词为 has

例如 1. They have a lot of money . 他们有很多钱。

2. He has a lot of money 他有和多钱.。第三人称单数用has

一般动词的否定句--------不可在一般动词后加 not 必须用助动

词 do / does Do 用于主词为 I . you 复数 Does 用于主词为第三人称单数,

否定句主词+ do/ does + not +原型动词

例如1. The twin brothers go to school by bus.这对双胞胎是乘公交车上学的。改成否定 the twin brothers do not go to school by bus

Don’t2. Sam has dinner at the restaurant . Sam 在那家餐厅吃晚餐。改成否定句 Sam doesn't have dinner at the restaurant.

比较------否定句

Be 动词 He is my boyfriend

He isn't my boyfriend

一般动词-- He likes dogs

He doesn’t like dogs

一般动词的疑问句---不能将一般动词放在主词前,必须用助动词

do/ does

疑问句 Do / Does +主词+动词原型。例如1. You visit your grandmother on Sunday.改成疑问句Do you visit your grandmother on Sunday? 你每逢星期天去看你的外婆吗

例如2. He come from England改成疑问句 Does he come from england 他是来自英国吗?

助动词do/ does 开头的疑问句回答用yes/no之后用do/ does 回

答例如 Does the little boy go to school. 这个小男孩已经上学了吗?Yes he does . No, he doesn’t

比较-----疑问句

Be 动词----- She is beautiful

Is she beautiful?一般动词-----she loves tennis

Does she love tennis?孟媛英文初级文法第3集笔记 Unilt 3 be 动词一般动词的过去式

1. be 动词的过去式 was / were am/ is= was are /were过去时be 动词的动词表示过去时间中发生的状态例如 1. 现在式 He is busy now.

2. 过去式 He was busy then 那时他很忙。时间副词改变,动词也必须改变。

例如 1.现在式 My parents are at home now。我的父母现在在家。

2.过去式My parents were at home yesterday.我的父母昨天在家

Be 动词(过去式)的否定句----主词+ was / were +not例如 1. Mr brown was a vet 否定Mr brown wasn’t a vet .2.Joe and brian were in the living room at that time 否定Joe and brian weren’t in the living room at that time ,

Be动词过去式的疑问句 was / were +主词例如 1. wendy was in the seventh grade last year. Wendy去年读7年级。疑问句 was wendy in the seventh grade last year?

例如 Were you a pianist? Piano 钢琴 pianist钢琴家。

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