热水器用相变储热材料的研究进展

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 2017年第36卷第1期·268·

化工进展

热水器用相变储热材料的研究进展

邹得球,詹建,李乐园,马先锋,朱颖颖

(宁波大学海运学院,浙江宁波 315211)

摘要:相变材料(phase change material,PCM)具有较高的潜热值,储热密度大,且能近似等温的储、放热,可提高系统的稳定性和效率。本文针对热水器的应用背景,阐述了相变储热材料的遴选原则,分析了热水器用有机类、无机类相变储热材料的特点及性能,介绍了有机类相变储热材料强化换热的方法及无机类相变储热材料克服过冷及相分离的方法。在此基础上,重点分析了相变储热材料在太阳能热水器和热泵热水器中的应用情况,最后指出了相变材料在热水器中的合理布置中存在的问题,提出未来在相变储热材料的性能优化、相变材料与热水器的结合形式优化、太阳能热水器与热泵热水器的有效组合方面需要进一步探索。

关键词:太阳能;热泵;热水器;相变材料

中图分类号:TB34 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000–6613(2017)01–0268–06

DOI:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017.01.033

Research progress of phase change thermal energy storage materials in

water heater

ZOU Deqiu,ZHAN Jian,LI Leyuan,MA Xianfeng,ZHU Yingying

(Faculty of Maritime and Transportation,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,Zhejiang,China)Abstract:Phase change materials have high latent heat and high heat storage density. Due to the very slight temperature change when phase change occurs,they can improve the system operation efficiency.

Based on their applications in water heater,the selection principles of phase change materials were summarized,and the characteristics of organic and inorganic phase change materials were reviewed.

The methods to improve heat transfer of organic material,and to solve the phase separation and supercooling of the inorganic material were also introduced. Analysis was emphasized on their application in solar water heater and heat pump water heater. Finally,the arrangement problem using phase change materials in water heater was pointed out. The optimization of phase change materials properties,the way of applying phase change material into water heater,and the effective combination of solar water heater and heat pump water heater should be further studied in the future.

Key words:solar energy;heat pump;water heater;phase change material(PCM)

随着节能意识的提高和环境问题的日益突出,节能型热水器是未来的发展方向。继电热水器、燃气热水器之后,太阳能热水器、热泵热水器被称为第三代、第四代热水器。作为低能耗产品,其发展势头较好,但水箱占用空间较大,一直限制了其应用推广。利用相变储热材料储热近年来引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。相变储热材料具有较大的相变潜热值,单位体积储存的热量大于水,可以减小储热箱的体积。同时,由于相变材料在相变区间内储、放热过程中,温度变化很小,有利于系统稳定。因此,采用相变储热可以使储热系统的体

收稿日期:2016-04-14;修改稿日期:2016-05-30。

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51206083)、浙江省自然科学基金(LY17E060001)、浙江省公益性技术应用研究项目(2012C21063)及浙江省教育厅项目(Y201120967)。

第一作者及联系人:邹得球(1981—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事相变储热材料及其强化传热研究。E-mail:zoudeqiu@https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b12114914.html,。

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