高考英语阅读理解二轮系列答案 (2)

陕西延安中学2016高考英语阅读理解二轮系列（1）答案

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.

Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.

1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?

[A] Types of mass transportation.

Instability of urban life.

[C] How supply and demand determine land use.

[D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.

2.Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?

[A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.

To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.

[C] To show mass transportation changed many cities.

[D] To contrast their rate of growth.

3.According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?

[A] It was expensive.

It happened too slowly.

[C] It was unplanned.

[D] It created a demand for public transportation.

4.The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,

[A] that is large.

that is used as a model for land development.

[C] where the development of land exceeded population growth.

[D] with an excellent mass transportation system.

Vocabulary

1.revise 改变

2.fabric 结构

3.catalyze 催化，加速

4.sort out 把……分门别类，拣选

5.omnibus 公共汽车/马车

6.trolley （美）有轨电车，（英）无轨电车

7.periphery 周围，边缘

8.sprawl 建筑物无计划延伸，蔓延，四面八方散开

9.lot 小片土地

10.underscore 强调，在下面划横线

11.transit lines 运输线路

12.subdivision （出售的）小块土地，再划分小区

写作方法与文章大意

文章论述了“公共交通从三方面改变了城市的社会和经济结构。”采用分类写法。文章一开始就提出三方面：第一，促进城市实质性的扩展；第二，把人和土地分民别类加以利用；第三，加速了城市生活的不稳定性。然后就是三方面的具体内容。

答案详解

1.D公共交通运输对城市扩展的影响。文章开门见山提出这一点“公共交通运输从三个根本方面改变了美国城市的社会和经济结构。”后面文章内容就是三方面的具体化。

A. 公共交通运输类型。

B. 城市生活的不稳定性。

C. 供需如何决定土地利用。这三项文中作为具体问题提到，并不是文章涉及的主要题目。

2.C说明公共交通改变了许多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“举例说，1850年，波士顿市界离老的商业地区几乎不到2英里，到了这世纪末，其半径扩至10英里。现在供得起的人们可以住得很远，远离老的城市中心，仍然来回去那里上班、购物和娱乐”。第七句，“举例说，在1890至1920年期间，据记载，芝加哥市界内有约250，000个新的住宅楼区大多数设在郊区。经过同样这段时期，市区外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地区内，又计划建造了550，000个住宅楼区。”

A. 表示成长的正反两方面效果。

B. 举有无公共交通运输的城市为例。D. 对比两者成长率；都不是本文中举两城市例子的目的。

3.C没有计划。见第二段第三句起“城市扩展蔓延根本无计划，好几千个小的投资商进行扩展，毫不考虑相互协调配合利用土地，也不考虑未来土地利用。”

A. 太贵和

B.太慢，两个选项，文内没有提。D. 它创造了对公共交通运输的需求。这不是住宅扩展的一个缺点，而是三个根本改变城市的一个方面。见第一段第三句：“通过大量开发未占土地扩建住宅，公共汽车、马车、铁路、来回火车，有轨电车把已有人定居的居住区向外扩展了三四倍，比他们先现代时期的市中心更远。”

4.C（第二段中以芝加哥城市例子说明）土地开发超过人口增长速度。答案详见第二段“这些购买和置备土地建设住宅，特别是购置临近城市或就在市界外的土地，抢在交通线路和中产阶层的居民进去之前。他们这样做的目的是创造一种需求，也是响应这种需求。芝加哥就是这种过程的典型例子。那里的房地产小块土地比人口增长快得很多很多。”

A. 城市大。

B. 用作土地开发的样板。D. 具有优越的公共的交通系统。

阅读理解

In today's throw-away society，dealing with the city's growing mountain of waste is an increasing challenge for the city council(市议会)．

Recently, Edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of(处理)about 250,000 million tons of waste a year. Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner—largely through encouraging recycling—its aging facilities such as the Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it.

The European Union(EU) has issued a new policy，regulating how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of.The five councils (Edinburgh，East Lothian, West Lothian，Midlothian and Borders) face fines around ￡18 million a year from 2013 if they don't increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill.With this in mind，the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚烧厂)to burn half of the waste produced in their districts.But this plan fell apart after the change of target levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the city's waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.

After the plan was abandoned，a private company which already transported millions of tons of the city's waste by train to a landfill site near Dunbar，offered an alternative solution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near Portobello.

Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015，it seemed necessary for the members of the Edinburgh Council to accept the suggestion.But soon they turned it down—after 700 local objections reached them—because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas.

That still leaves the council with a problem.By 2013，only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill.Even if recycling targets are met，there will still be a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up.Due to this，Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.

回收利用曾是最绿色的垃圾处理方式。但是，这种处理方法却不能短时间内满足欧盟对于及时解决废物的政策需求，因此，在回收利用的同时，他们还是得重建一所大型的垃圾焚烧厂。1．The main way of handling waste in a green manner in Edinburgh is ________.

A．recycling B．restoring

C．burying D．burning

答案：A。细节判断题。第二段中的信息词“largely through encouraging recycling”可以断定选项A的说法是与原文保持一致的。

2．The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to ________.

A．reduce the cost of burying waste B．meet the EU requirements

C．speed up waste recycling D．replace landfill sites

答案：B。细节判断题。在第三个段落的开头提到了“The EU has issued a new policy...”便可以断定他们制定这个处理垃圾的计划也正是这个政策的出台，所以与选项B的说法是相符合的。3．The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near Portobello because ________.

A．it came from a private company B．the council was not interested in it

C．it was not supported by EU D．the local people were against it

答案：D。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“...700 local objections reached them...”，可以断定市民是反对的。

4．What is the final decision of Edinburgh and Midlothian councils?

A．To open a new landfill nearby.

B．To close the Powderhall landfill in 2015.

C．To set up a plant for burning waste.

D．To persuade people to reduce their waste.

答案：C。细节判断题。根据文章最后一句话中的“set up an incenerator plant”，即：建一个垃圾焚烧厂，就可以断定，选项C与本信息句是相吻合的。

阅读理解。

Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.

Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.

Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts.

In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.

“our brain has billions of nerve ceils. These send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the m uscles,” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”

The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.

Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”

He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit front. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.

1.BCI is a technology that can

A. help to update computer systems

B. link the human brain with computers

C. help the disabled to recover

D. control a person's thoughts

2. How" did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?

A. By controlling his muscles.

B. By talking to the machine.

C. By moving his hand.

D. By using his mind.

3. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?

A. scalp → computer →cap →wheelchair

B. computer →cap →scalp →wheelchair

C. scalp →cap →computer →wheelchair

D. cap → compute →scalp →wheelchair

4. The team will test with real patients to

A. make profits from them

B. prove the technology useful to them

C. make them live longer

D. learn about their physical condition

5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center

B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works

C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled

D. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries

【文章大意】科普说明文。本文介绍了BCI脑机接口技术，它是帮助残疾人向机器输送指令。【参考方案】1---5、BDCBC

阅读理解。

Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.

Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U.S. , where are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005 , after the fall of the Taliban（塔利班）,which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013——pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.

Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant(有意义的) improvement in their reading skills.

Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.

( ) 1. The underlined w ord “outlawed” in paragraph 2 probably means “”.

A. allowed

B. banned

C. offered

D. refused

( ) 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Americans used to get access to the Internet easily.

B. The w orld’s TV sets will total 150 million by 2013.

C.45% of families in the developing countries had a TV in 2005.

D. Over two thirds of families in the world will have a TV by 2013.

( ) 3. The author intends to .

A. stress the advantages of TV to people’s lives

B. persuade women to become more independent

C. encourage people to improve their reading skills

D. introduce the readers some websites such as Google

( ) 4. What would be the best title for the passage?

https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b1568537.html, Will Rule the World

https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b1568537.html, Will Disturb the World

https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b1568537.html, Will Better the World

https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b1568537.html, Will Remain in World

【语篇解读】本篇文章为议论文。本文围绕着电视仍然是世界上最有影响力的媒体说起，并用事实进一步证明了电视的存在会让我们的生活越来越好

1.答案B。

【解析】词义猜测题。由本句中the Taliban及1 in 5 Afghans had one可以猜测出，塔利班在政期间是对电视持反对态度，因此是禁止的。故选项B符合题意。

2.答案D。

【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中“pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families”可知，到2013年，世界上三分之二的家庭都将会有一台电视。因此选D项。

3.答案A。

【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide”可以推断出，作者主要强调电视对人类生活积极的方面。故选A项

4.答案C。

【解析】主旨大意题。由第一段第二句“Television is still the most influential medium”及第三段第一句“Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women”及文章最后一段第二句“However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.”可知，本文主要讲的是电视将会让人们生活越来越好。由此可知应选C项。