定语从句和名词性从句中关系词的用法

定语从句和名词性从句中关系词的用法
定语从句和名词性从句中关系词的用法

定语从句和名词性从句中关系词的用法?

定语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句分别用哪些关系词?如何用?

特别是that和what的区别

在英语教学中,关系词常常是学生容易混淆的问题。在某些情况下,学生常常不知道该使用那一个关系词,这个问题常是教学中的重点或难点。因此,本文就学生在学习关系词“that”、“which”、“whose”、“what” 时经常容易出现问题的几个难点部分进行分析,以便于教学中让学生注意区别它们的用法。

一.在定语从句中关系词用法的差异

1.关系代词“that” 与“which” 的区别

在限定性定语从句中,我们知道关系词指代人时,常用who、whom 、whose (或that),指代物时常用whi ch 或that 。例如:

例1.Where is the girl who / that sells the tickets? (卖票的女孩子在哪?)

例2.I’ve lost bananas which / that I bought this morning. (我把今天早上买的香蕉丢了。)

在上述两个例子中who 和which都可以由that 替代。但是当先行词是all、little、few 或是由every(thin g)、any(thing)、no(thing)、none、much、only 修饰时,关系词要用that不能用which 。例如:

例3.Is this all that is left? (是不是就剩下这一个了?)

例4.Have you got anything that belongs to me? (你那有我什么东西吗?)

例5.The only thing that matters is to find our way home .(只有一件事最重要,那就是找到回家的路。)

除上述情况外,当先行词由序数词或最高级修饰时,关系词必须用that(见例6和例7)。

例6.The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan . (我们应该做的第一件事是定个计划/ 我们应该首先定个计划。)

例7.This is the best film (that) I’ve ever seen . (这是我看过的最好的影片。)此句中的that 在从句中做宾语,可以省略。

2.关系副词与关系代词的区别

在定语从句中,当先行词是人或物时,从句的引导词用关系代词;而当先行词是表示时间和地点时,常用关系副词引导。但有时常遇到先行词是表示时间或地点的名词,关系词却要用关系代词。请看例句:

例1.This is the place where we worked last year.(这是我去年工作过的地方。)

例2.This is the place which / that we visited last year.(这是我去年参观过的地方。)

上述两个句子的主句相同,先行词都是place ,但是它在两个从句中的功用不同。例1中的place 指的是从句中谓语动词发生动作的地点(… worked in the place),因此,关系词要用关系副词where (= in wh ich)。而例2中的place是从句谓语动词的宾语(…visited the place),关系词指代的是动作的承受对象,所以要用关系代词which或that ,不能用关系副词where 。

例3.I still remember the day when Nanjing was liberated.(我一直记着南京解放的那一天。)

例4.I still remember the day which / that we spend together.(我一直记着我们共同度过的时光。)

例3中的day 在从句中做状语(表示…on the day) ,所以用when 。例4 中的day 是从句中spend 的宾语(…spend the day) ,所以要用which 或that 。

由此,我们可以看出:当先行词是表示时间或地点的名词时,用关系代词还是用关系副词引导定语从句,要根据先行词在句子中的功用。当先行词在从句中表示的是时间或地点(在从句中做状语)时,要用关系副词;当先行词在从句中做宾语(表示动作的承受者,有时先行词在从句中做主语)时,就要用关系代词。

3.在非限定性定语从句中指物时只能用which

that 只能在限定性定语从句中指代人或物,而在非限定性定语从句中指代物时不能用that ,只能用whic h 。

例1.He showed me a photo that / which upset me . (他给我看了一张令我心烦意乱的照片)

例2.He tore up my photo, which upset me . (他撕了我的照片,这件事令我很不高兴。)

例1中的关系词指的是photo ,从句所修饰的是一个名词,是限定性定语从句,关系词可以用that ,也可以用which 。例2中的从句与主句之间有“,”隔开,从句去掉后意思表达清楚,从句只起补充说明的作用,是一个非限定性定语从句。在这种情况下只能用which ,不能用that 。试比较:

例3.Where is the money that / which I lent you? (我借给你的钱哪儿去了?)

例4.He lent me the money, which was exactly the amount I needed to solve my problem.(他

借给了我一笔钱,这笔钱正好解决了我的问题。)

例3 是限定性定语从句,关系词用that 和which 都可以。例4 是非限定性定语从句,从句只起补充说明的作用,关系代词只能用which 。

二.表示物的所属关系时关系词用whose

我们知道,whose 是表示所属关系的词。在表示人的所属关系时,常用whose 。在定语从句中,不论是表示人的还是表示物的所属关系时,关系代词都要用whose 。例如:

例1.What is the name of the boy whose father is a doctor?(他父亲是医生的那个男孩儿叫什么名字?)

例2.Tom lives in the room whose window opens to the south..(汤姆住在窗朝南开的房间里。)

显然,例1中whose 是指代人(the boy’s father) ;例2中whose 所指代的是物(the room’s window )。例2是“黑龙江省中等专业学校外语学业等级考试样题”中的一道题。原题是:

“Tom lives in the room ________ window opens to the south.. ”

供选择的答案有:a. what b. it’s c. whose d. which

正确答案应该是c 。但是,在做这道题时,多数学生都选错了答案,原因之一是只考虑到room 是物,忽略了从句中表示所属关系时要用“whose”,而且“it’s” 不能做引导词。因此,必须注意:在定语从句中,当关系词在从句中表示所属关系时,其先行词不论是人还是物,关系词都要“whose”,“it’s”不能做定语从句中的引导词。

三.“that” 与“what” 的区别

“that” 可以做定语从句中的关系代词,“what” 也常做名词性从句中的引导词,学生在使用它们时常分辨不清。因此,在教学中应注意区别它们的用法。

我们知道,关系代词that 指代的是它前面的先行词,而what = the things that 。所以,what 与that 不同,what 有两层含义:其一作为关联词引出从句,其二为先行词本身的含义。如果主句中已经出现了先行词,关系/关联词就要用that ;如果主句中没有先行词出现,关系/关联词就要用what 。例如:

例1.I give her just the money that she need.(她需要多少钱,我就给她多少钱。)

例2.I give her just what he need. (她需要多少钱,我就给她多少钱。)

例1中的that 引出的是定语从句,先行词是money ,that 为关系代词,主句中出现了先行词,所以用th at 。例2 中的what 引出的从句是give 的宾语,主句中没有出现先行词,what 既引导了从句,又含有先行词的含义。

例3.I will tell you all that I know.

例4.I will tell you what I know.

例3中出现了先行词all ,所以从句中的引导词用that ;例4中没有先行词,从句中的引导词用what 。两个句子意思相同:“我会告诉你我所知道的一切。”

例3.T he thing that I’d like is a digital watch .

例4.What I’d like is a digital watch.

例5中有先行词the thing ,所以关联词用连词that 。而例6中没有出现先行词,所以关联词用疑问代词w hat 。两个句子意思相同:“我想要的东西是一块数字表。”

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英语语法从句讲解

从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]

1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

定语从句及其引导词用法

一、基本概念: 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如: Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。 引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which; 关系副词有:when, where, why. 二、关系词的用法: (一)关系代词的用法: 1.作主语用who, which和that, 如: He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2.作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如: The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? 注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3.作定语用whose, 如: (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注:“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句),又能作宾语(如上b句)。whose 的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与of which 结构互换,词序是:“名词+of which”,如: They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4.作表语只用that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。如: He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. (二)关系副词的用法: 1.when 指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有:time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如: I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注:when时常可以省略,特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如: Each time he came, he did his best to help us. But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill. 2.where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有:place, spot, street, house, room,

定语从句特殊用法

定语从句中的特殊用法 定语从句是起定语作用的,修饰,说明名词,代词或句子内容的从句,被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句,并在句中担任成分的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。定语从句是高考常考内容之一,使用时要尤其注意以下十种特殊用法。 一、只用that不用which的情况 1、当先行词是all, little, few, much, something,everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如:Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。 I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。 2、当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very(恰好的,表示强调)等词修饰时。例如:The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。 That’sthe very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。 3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如:The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。 This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。 4、被修饰词为数词时。例如: Yesterday I caught two fishes and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.昨天我捉到了两条鱼,把它们放在一盆水里。你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。 5、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句:There’sstill a room that is free.还有一个空房间。

(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识,也是高考常考点,大家也不容易掌握,这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容,有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有:when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2)whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构,因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如: There are occasions when (on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错: (错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对)This is the mountain village (which)I visited last year. (对)I'll never forget the days (which)I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关

定语从句讲解关系代词的用法

Un itl 《 school life 》 Grammar (1) 定语从句(AttributiveClause) I根据初中所学知识,请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语 定语从句的定义及其作用: 定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似,有时可以相互转换,例如:金发女孩可译作abl on degirl, agirlwithbl on dehair 或agirlwhohasblo ndehair。定语从句通常由关系代词 that/which/who/whom/which/as 或关系副词when/where/why 引导,这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词,又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面,所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句,根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。 川定语从句的必备三要素 1先行词(名词或代词) | relativepr on. (assub.,obj.,pred.) 2关系词 (that 指人或物/which 指物/who(m)指人/whose) 3关系词在从 句中充当成分ativeadv. (asadverbial) (whe n/where/why) 找出下列句中的定语从句;分析定语从句三要素 1.Youaretherightmanwhomwearelookingfor. 2.I ' vespentallthemoneythatwasgivenbymyparents. 3.Iwillneverforgettheday whenljoinedtheparty.

定语从句的基本用法

定语从句的基本用法 先请认真阅读下列各句,下列各句中的黑体部分均为该句所包含的定语从句: 1.This is the teacher who played basketball with us yesterday. 2.Tom is the boy whom they are looking for. 3.The house , which they built last year looks very new. 4.Physics is the most interesting subject that we learnt in the middle school. 从以上各句中我们可以看出定语从句是用来修饰它前面的名词或代词的,它起着修饰或限定作用。当然定语从句也可以用来修饰一个句子,在此我们不作讨论。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句所修饰的词是一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物,一般不能省略,拿掉后剩下的部分则没有意义,或者表述不清。非限制性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,拿掉以后剩下的部分仍然可以成立,常常用逗号将其隔开。例如: This is the place where the Chinese Communist Party was founded. 此句中的定语从句是限制性定语从句。如果拿掉则This is the place.一句没有意义。 This message was left by Xiao Wang, who telephoned you just now. 此句中的定语从句是非限制性定语从句。如果拿掉则This message was left by Xiao Wang,一句仍有意义。 被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系代词或关系副词。常见的关系代词和关系副词有who, whom,that,whose,which,where,when,why等。现在我们侧重讨论如何使用这些关系代词和关系副词。如果关系代词在从句中作主语时一般不能省略,而作宾语时一般可以省略。 一,关系代词who, whom的用法。 1.who可以代替人(即它的先行词必须表示人),在从句中可以担任主语。也可以在 从句中担任宾语,但是它的前面不能带介词,如果带介词则必须使用宾格whom。 whom在从句中只能担任宾语。例如: a)This is the teacher who often tells us interesting stories in class. b)Mary is the girl who/whom Tom wants to marry. c)Mrs White is a teacher whom every student likes. d)She is the girl with whom I will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 2.在定语从句中当先行词表示人时who和that是通用的。例如: a)Miss Green is the new teacher who/that teaches us spoken English. b)John’s father is an engineer who/that came to see him last Wednesday. 但在下列情况下则宜用who 而不用that。

高一英语定语从句讲解精华版

定语从句 一、基本概念: 定语: 定语从句: Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词:关系词 关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当: 关系副词有:when, where, why. 在从句充当: 先行词: 定语从句中引关系词的作用: 二、关系词的用法: (一)关系代词的用法: 1. He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week (二)关系副词的用法: 1. I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born

(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点: 1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构: when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如: I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2.当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较: I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1.限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2.非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.

定语从句用法讲解

高中定语从句详解与练习 (一)定义及相关术语 1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中, who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。 (二)关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想 去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车 上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我 们的班长。 注意:关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3.Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4.That 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。

定语从句之关系副词用法和特殊用法及专项练习

定语从句三 (关系副词的用法) 一.关系副词引导的定语从句 1. when指______,在定语从句中做________。 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. 2. where指_______,在定语从句中做_________。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3. why指_______,在定语从句中做________。 、 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city where/in which I was born. 二.关系代词和关系副词的区别 1. 取决于从句中的谓语动词。 不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须用关系副词或介词+关系代词; 及物动词后接宾语,就要求用关系代词。 ~ 2. 要看他们在从句中充当什么成分而定,即先行词在从句中是作主语、宾语还是作状语而定。 (1) This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. (2) I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. (3) I’ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 【专项练习3】 用关系代词、关系副词或介词+关系代词填空 1. I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together in Paris. 2. I’ll remember the days __________ we stayed together in Paris. 3. This is the factory ____________ we visited last year. ) 4. This is the farm ____________ Lincoln once worked 5. The reason ___________ he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.

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