定语从句 3 Book 1U3语法
定语从句（三）
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句起补充附带说明的作用，缺少它也不会影响全句的理解，译为汉语时常常不译作定语，而根据句意翻译为相应的其他形式的从句。它与主语的关系不像限定性定语从句的关系那样密切。在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如果把非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都要用逗号与主句隔开。
②引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有when, where。不可用why。
2. 运用非限定性定语从句的情况：
（1）关系代词指代整个主句内容
e.g. Our new house has a lovely garden, which makes us very happy.
（2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
（3）当出现some, many, few, a few, little, much, most, two of which, whom等结构时
e.g. You’ve made many mistakes, most of which were due to your carelessness,
非限制性定语从句主要在以下方面不同于限制性定语从句：
⑴非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，它不是对先行词进行修饰或确定，只是对先行词作些附加的说明。专有名词通常被非限制性定语从句所修饰。例如：地名，人名，国家名等。
⑵非限制性定语从句不是先行词必不可少的修饰语，因此如果去掉从句，主句的意思仍然清楚。
⑶从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，翻译时复合句通常译成两句话。
⑷与限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句也可用关系代词who, which, whom, whose, as 和关系副词when, where, why 引导。that不引导非限制性定语从句。
例如：
①We will fly to Xi’an first, where we plan to stay for a couple of days.
我们将先飞往西安，在那里我们打算停留两天。
②My wife, who is a doctor, is working abroad this year.
我的妻子是位医生，她今年在国外工作。
③As is known to all, ice is water in its solid state.
众所周知，冰是水的固态。
㈢非限制性定语从句中值得注意的几个问题
⑴在which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是一个名词或代词，也可以是句子的一部分，甚至整个句子。
例如：
①My new car, which I paid several thousand dollars for, isn’t running well.
先行词是car
②He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
先行词是he had never seen her before
⑵which和as引导的非限制性定语从句比较
which和as都可引导非限制性定语从句，并且先行词都可以是一句句子，但which通常指代上文提到的情况，而as则可以指代上文或下文。as 在这类句子中经常有“正如”的意思。另外，as还经常与such, the same 等连用。（见第一讲中as 引导的定语从句）
例如：
①He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.
②As we expected, he gave a wonderful performance.
③Mike is late, as is often the case.
④I never heard such stories as he told.
⑤She knew he felt just the same as she did.
⑶在从句中作宾语的关系代词which, who, whom一般不省略。
例如：
①Jeanne was her old friend, from whom she borrowed a necklace.
②He built a telescope, through which he could study the skies.
4. as与which的区别：
关系代词as引导的定语从句
⑴和such连用，这时的as相当于who, which。有时such和as连在一起
例如：
①Wendy is not such a fool as she looks.
②Such cars as I saw were too expensive to me.
③We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had.
注意：这种用法和such … that …的区别
在such … as …中，as是关系代词，它在从句中充当成分。例①中作looks的表语，在例②和③中分别作saw和had的宾语。而在such … that …中that引导的结果状语从句，解释为“以至于”。that不充当任何成分，只起语法上的连接作用。
例如：
①She gave me such a surprise that I couldn’t say anything at that moment.
②His idea was such a good one that we all agreed to use it.
⑵和same连用
例如：
①You must show my friend the same respect as you show me.
②She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister usually does.
⑶引导非限制性定语从句
例如：
①She was the one I met at the party, as you know.
②As was natural, she married Robin.
5. 定语从句和其它从句的区分
很多高三的同学在解题时发现，有时难以区分定语从句，表语从句，时间、地点状语从句和强调句。解决这一问题的关键在于牢记：
①定语从句一定有先行词
②定语从句的关系代词和关系副词在从句中一定充当成分。
我们来看具体的从句的比较：
（一）定语从句和表语从句
例①1) This is where your father worked when he was young.
此句没有先行词，where 引导的是表语从句，where相当于“the place where”，解释为
“……的地方”。
2) This is the shop where my brother once worked.
此句中where引导的是定语从句，先行词是：the shop
（二）定语从句和状语从句
例②1) Let’s do it when we are free.
此句中没有先行词，when引导的是状语从句。
2) Let’s do it next month, when we are free.
这里when引导的是定语从句，先行词是next month。又如：
1)Put it where it was. where引导的是地点状语从句，无先行词。
2)Put it in the drawer where I keep documents. where 引导的是定语从句。
（三）定语从句和强调句
例③1) -- Where did you interview the composer?
-- It was in the hotel _____ he stayed.
A. where
B. that
此句看上去很像强调句型，很多同学因而错选B。但选B后意思是：他住在宾馆里。
不能回答上文中提出的问题。而应该选A. where，句子的意思是：是在他住的宾馆。
所以，正确地解这一题除了要求对定语从句和强调句型有很好的掌握以外，还考查
了对题目所给出的语境的理解。
（四）定语从句和并列句
例④1) There are 45 students in our class, of whom two fifths are girls.
of whom/which +分数/百分数/ both / all / none / some / many …这样的结构常出现在定语从句中，尤其是在较正式的文体中。更常见的是：分数/百分数/ both / all …+of whom/which，此句是定语从句。
2) There are 45 students in our class, and two fifths of them are girls.
此句中的第二分句由并列连词and引起，因此，不是定语从句。
反意疑问句
一、基本用法与结构
反意疑问句由“陈述句+简单疑问句”两部分组成，第一部分提出一种看法，第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式，陈述部分为否定式时，疑问部分用肯定式：
He likes English, doesn’t he? 他喜欢英语，不是吗？
He doesn’t like English, does he? 他不喜欢英语，是吗？
二、反意疑问句的用法：
（二）常见句型的反意疑问句
1．当陈述部分是there be 存在句型时，反意疑问句的主语也用there。
e.g. There was nothing in the room, was there? 房间里什么也没有，是吗？2．感叹句的反意疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。
e.g. What a beautiful day, isn’t it? 多好的天气啊，不是吗？
3．祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题
A) 祈使句是否定形式，反意疑问句用will you。
e.g. Don’t forget to post the letter, wil l you? 请别忘了寄信。
B) 祈使句是肯定形式，反意疑问句用肯定、否定均可。
e.g. Please help us, will you/won’t you? 请帮帮我们，好吗？
C) Let开头的祈使句要注意：
1. Let’s 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内，表示提出建议或征求对方意见，其反
意疑问句往往用shall we。
e.g. Let’s go there together, shall we? 我们一起去，好吗?
2. Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内，表示请求对方允许做某事的含
义，let 有allow的意思。附加疑问部分用will you。
e.g. Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?
3. Let me 开头表示请求，反意疑问句用will you，或用may I。
e.g. Let me carry the box for you, may I? 我帮你搬箱子好吗？
（三）复合句的反意疑问句
1．当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，反意疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是，当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时，反意疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。
e.g. I think she is right, isn’t she? 我认为她是对的，是吗？
2．当陈述部分是I’m sure that,；we are sure；I’m afraid that；We are sure that；
I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。
e.g. I’m afraid it is going to rain, isn’t it? 恐怕要下雨了，不是吗？
（四）关于情态动词的反意疑问句
1．陈述部分中有have一词，且表示“所有”含义时，反意疑问句部分既可用have 也可用do。
e.g. You have a bike, haven’t you/don’t you? 你有一辆自行车，不是吗？2．陈述部分中有have to，反意疑问句部分用do。
e.g. He had to go to work when he was very young, didn’t he?
他年轻的时候不得不出去工作，不是吗？
3. 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用
shouldn't/oughtn't +主语。
e.g. He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he/shouldn't he?
4．陈述部分有used to，反意疑问句部分可用used 也可以用did 。
e.g. He used to get up early, usedn’t he/didn’t he?
他习惯早起，不是吗？
5．陈述部分有needn’t时，反意疑问句部分用need但有时也可用must。
e.g. We needn’t do it again, need we ? 我们不必要再做一遍了，是吗？6．陈述部分有must，且表示“必须”时，反意疑问句部分用mustn’t，如果表示“必要”则用needn’t。
e.g. You must leave at once, mustn’t you?
你必须马上离开，是吗?
You must leave at once, needn’t you?
你有必要马上离开，是吗?
7．陈述部分中是mustn’t表示“禁止”时，反意疑问句部分用must。
陈述部分中的must表示“一定”、“想必”等推测意义时，反意疑问句部分而是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。
e.g. You must’s smoke here, must you? 你不能在这里抽烟，是吧？
He must be there now, isn't he? 他现在一定在那里，不是吗？
8．陈述部分是I wish，表示询问或征求意见，反意疑问部分用may I。
e.g. I wish to go with them, may I? 我想同他们一起去，可以吗？
9．陈述部分的主语是each of...结构时，反意疑问句在强调整体时用they，当作个别时用he。
e.g. Each of the boys has a map, don’t they?
每个男孩都有一张地图，不是吗？
10．陈述部分有neither... nor...(either...or...)做并列主语，反意疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
e.g. Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 我和你都不是工程师，是吧？11．陈述部分是：I’m ....结构，反意疑问句一般用aren’t I?
e.g. I’m wrong, aren’t I? 我错了，是吗?
12. 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
e.g. You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
你最好自己看，是吧？
13. 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用wouldn't +主语。
e.g. He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
他宁愿读十遍也不愿意背，是吗？
14. 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
e.g. You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
你想和我一起去，不是吗？
15. 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need (dare ) +主语。
e.g. We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不需要再做一遍，是吧？
He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢那样说，是吧？
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
e.g. She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
她不敢一个人回家，是吗？
语法知识拓展
（一）选择适当的关系代词或关系副词把下列句子补充完整。
1. We should read such books _____ will make us better and wiser.
2. He failed in the exam, ______ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
3. Is it that factory _____ this car is produced?
4. _____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
5. She was very kind towards the children, _____ her husband seldom was.
6. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5.00 p.m., ______ many people have gone home.
7. He called on another girl, ______ he believed was more suitable for the job.
8. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through ______ he could see what was going on inside the house.
9. I intended to compare notes with a friend, ______ unfortunately couldn't spare me even one minute.
10. Last week, only two people came to look at the same house _______ Mr. Black is trying to
sell.
（二）用定语从句合并下列句子
1. Don’t do suc h things.
You are not sure about the things.
__________________________________________________________________________ 2. The weather turned out to be very good.
It was more than we could expect.
__________________________________________________________________________ 3. My uncle had three sons.
Two of them died during the last earthquake.
__________________________________________________________________________ 4. There were dirty marks on her trousers.
She had wiped her hands there.
__________________________________________________________________________ 5. He visited the primary school.
He once studied for four years there.
__________________________________________________________________________
（三）单项填空
1. These houses are sold at such a low price _______ people didn’t expect.
A. like
B. as
C. that
D. which
2. I bought a book written in _____ easy English ____ beginners can understand.
A. such an, as
B. such, that
C. so, that
D. such, as
3. This is so difficult a question _____.
A. that many students can’t answer
B. which many students can’t answer it
C. as no one can answer it
D. as nobody can answer
4. He tore all my letters and _____did n’t upset me at all.
A. this
B. it
C. which
D. as
5. John said he'd been working in the office for an hour, ______ was true.
A. he
B. this
C. which
D. who
6. You should make it a rule to leave things _______ you can find them again.
A. when
B. where
C. then
D. there
7. The manager decided to give the job to ______ he believed had a sense of duty.
A. who
B. whom
C. whoever
D. whomever
8. ____ I had expected, the number of the audience was well over two thousand.
A. As
B. Which
C. Whom
D. That
9. After five hours’ drive, they reached ___ they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. what
10. Do you like any of the music ____ you’ve listened?
A. which
B. that
C. for which
D. to which
11. Whenever I met her, _____ was fairly often, I liked her sweet and hopeful smile.
A. who
B. that
C. when
D. which
12. Nowadays, more and more students are working directly on the Internet _____ different types of courses are supplied.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. whose
13. Is there a supermarket around _____ I can get some food?
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. from it
14. It was on the farm _____ he grown up _____ he told me about his childhood.
A. where, that
B. that, that
C. where, when
D. that, when
15. That was the young man, I think, _____ I saw the other day help to catch the thief.
A. who
B. one
C. the one
D. which
16. You must show my wife the same respect ______ you show me.
A. as
B. that
C. who
D. what
17. ______ is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years.
A. Which
B. That
C. As
D. It
18. New York, ______last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited
B. which I visited
C. where I visited
D. in which I visited
19. ______ is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
20. He invited ten friends to his home, _____ are foreigners.
A. six of whom
B. the six of whom
C. six of them
D. the six of them
21. She was ______I met at the party, _____you knew.
A. the one, as
B. who, that
C. the one what, which
D. that, as
22. He tore up my photo and ______ upset me.
A. this
B. it
C. which
D. what
23. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ___ are sold abroad.
A. of which
B. which of
C. of them
D. of
24. Human beings are different from animals in _____ they can make tools.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
25. It was in the lab ______ was taken charge of by Professor Zhou _____ they did the experiment
A. where, that
B. which, which
C. that, where
D. which, that
26. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _____?
A. do you
B. can we
C. will you
D. shall we
27. Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, ____ she?
A. had
B. did
C. hadn’t
D. didn’t
28. He never said he that he was good at mathematics, _____?
A. was he
B. wasn’t he
C. did he
D. didn’t he
29. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ____?
A. wasn’t there
B. was there
C. didn’t it
D. did it
30. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _____?
A. isn’t it
B. is it
C. isn’t he
D. is he
（四）改错
1. The house, that we bought last month, is very nice.
2. His movie won several awards at the film festival, as was beyond his wildest dream.
3. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, it meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
4. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, and most of whom are healthy.
5. As is known to all that the earth is round.
6. My early attempts at learning to drive were unsuccessful, were they?
7. I don’t think a warm winter always has a negative influence on our life, isn’t it?
8. There’s little water in the glass, isn’t there?
9. I am good at painting, am not I?
10. We have to depend on ourselves, haven’t we?
（五）真题回顾
1. They fly to Washington, ____ they plan to stay for two or three days.(2008重庆)
A. where
B. there
C. which
D. when
2. The Science Museum, _____ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. (2008江苏)
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
3. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, ____ there won’t be much work. (2008上海春季)
A. where
B. that
C. by which
D. without which
4. I’ll give you my friend’s home address, _____ I can be reached most evenings.(2008北京)
A. which
B. when
C. whom
D. where
5. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, ______ are beyond our control. (2008湖南)
A. most of them
B. most of which
C. most of what
D. most of that
6. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ______ New York is an example. (2008四川)
A. for which
B. in which
C. of which
D. from which
7. Yesterday she sold her car, _____ she bought a month ago.(2008浙江)
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
8. The man pulled out a gold watch, _____ were made of small diamonds.(2008陕西)
A. the hands of whom
B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of
D. the hands of which
9. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect.
(2008全国卷II)
A. it
B. what
C. which
D. that
10. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bccares had reached the top of Mount Qomolangms,
____ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (2008福建)
A. of which
B. on which
C. from which
D. above which
11. It was along the Mississippi River ____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. (2008天津)
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. where
12. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ______ spoken in
England. (2008全国I)
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. the one
13. The news _____ our athletes won another gold medal was reported In yesterday’s newspaper.
(2008上海春季)
A. which
B. whether
C. what
D. that
14. If you talk nice and polite, people listen to you. If you shout, this is no good, _____? (2007北
京春季)
A. do you
B. don’t you
C. is it
D. isn’t it
15. When you’ve finished with the book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, _____?
A. do you
B. don’t you
C. will you
D. won’t you
参考答案
（一）选择适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom或whose，把下列句子补充完整。
1. as
2. which
3. where
4. As
5. which
6. when
7. who
8. which
9. who 10. as
（二）用定语从句合并下列句子
1. Don’t do such things as you are not sure about.
2. The weather turned out to be very good, which is more than we could expect.
3. My uncle had three sons, two of whom died during the last earthquake.
4. There are dirty marks on her trousers, where she had wiped her hands.
5. He visited the primary school where he once studied for four years.
（三）单项填空
1-5 BDDBC 6-10 BCADD 11-15DCAAA 16-20 ACBAA 21-25 ABACD 26-30 CDCAA
（四）改错
1. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
2. His movie won several awards at the film festival, which was beyond his wildest dream.
3. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, which meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
4. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of whom are healthy.
5. It is known to all that the earth is round.或者As is known to all, the earth is round.
6. My early attempts at learning to drive were unsuccessful, weren’t they?
7. I don’t think a warm winter always has a negative influence on our life, is it?
8. There’s little water in the glass, is there?
9. I am good at painting, aren’t I?
10. We have to depend on ourselves, don’t we?
（五）真题回顾
1-5 AADDB 6-10 CDDCD 11-15 CCDCC
高一英语语法定语从句归纳总结.pdf
高一英语定语从句的归纳一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能（作用）： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 Themanwhoyou’retalkingtoismyfriend. ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导 Themantowhomyou’retalkingismyfriend. IneedapenwithwhichIcanwritealetter. =IneedapieceofpaperonwhichIcanwritealetter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在 从句之尾。例如： Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity. =ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity. Thepalace(which/that)Ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcentury. =ThepalacetowhichIoftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。 Iliveinahousefarawayfromthecity,infrontofwhichisabigtree. Thereisanappletreestandingatthegate,onwhicharemanyapples. ThisisthemantowhomIgavethebook. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“ofwhich/whom+名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom,指物用which)引导。 One,some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either等词、数词、分数或百分比与ofwhom或ofwhich连用。 Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomareabroad. (比较：Hehasfivechildren,andtwoofthemareabroad.) Wehavethreebooks,noneofwhichis/areinteresting. (比较：Wehavethreebooks,butnoneofthemis/areinteresting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句 一样。但要注意以下区别。 1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。 2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
考研英语翻译中定语从句的翻译技巧
考研英语翻译中定语从句的翻译技巧 导语：今天小编给大家带来了“考研英语翻译中定语从句的翻译技巧”，供大家阅读和参考。希望它对您有帮助。如果您喜欢这篇文章，请分享给您的好友。 根据我们的统计，从1994年开始到2006年13年的65道翻译题中总共出现了36处定语从句，占到了55.3%的比例，一半还要多的比例！因此定语从句的翻译的好坏直接影响到考研翻译的分数。所以定语从句翻译的好坏直接影响到广大考生考研翻译的分数我们知道，能够作定语的不仅是单词、词组和短语，还有从句也可以作定语，那么这种从句我们称之为定语从句。 英语中的定语从句起到了一个修饰的作用，作用相当于形容词，那么定语从句我们也称之为形容词性从句。同时，我们把定语从句分为两类，一是限制性定语从句，一类是非限定性定语从句。那么，什么是限定性定语从句，简单来讲就是对所修饰的先行词的意思加以限制，表示“….的人或是物”， 举个例子来说：He is a man whom you should marry. 在这个句子中，如果去掉定语从句whom you should marry. 这个句子意思就不完整，甚至可以说是不成立了。 而非限定性定语从句，顾名思义，这类定语从句对于所修饰的事物没有限制意义的作用，而起到一种补充说明和解释的作用，与主句的关系并不密切，拿掉非限定性定语从句，主句意思照样成立。 举个例子来说：He is my father, who love me deeply. 在这个句子中，如果去掉这个“who love me deeply.”非限定性定语从句，He is my father，这个主句照样成立，意思也不会受到太大影响。 而定语从句种类的不同，我们在翻译的时候采用的翻译方法也不尽相同。 一、前置法 当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单，或是较为简短时，我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。 我们看一个2003年的一个句子。 Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 本句中the environment后面又跟了一个定语从句。大家看下他是什么定语从句，是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。限定性吧！它有什么特点呢，只有三个词，意义和结构都较为简单，因此我们在翻译的时候就要把它放在他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的'想法和想像。 再比如： 98 年71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 这个句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一个定语从句，其先行词是the patterns and structures.这个定语从句比较简单，我们可以直接将其翻译他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 二、单独成句 当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂，意义较为繁杂的时候，如果把它翻译在其修饰
大学英语语法大全_太经典了
大学英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给 我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
大学英语语法与练习——unit14倒装
14. 倒装 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, com e, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之部分倒装
高一英语定语从句教案
高一英语定语从句教案 一、基本概念 1. 定语从句： 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法 指人：who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语 指物：which, that 指人：whom, who, that（who常用在在非正式和口语体中） 宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物：which, that 定语：whose （whose + n.=of which + n. ） 关系词 时间：when 关系副词----状语地点：where = 介词+ which 原因：why 解题技巧：关键看从句缺何种成分 三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man ＿you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen ＿he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend ＿father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。 注意：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替，例： 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day ＿I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校 的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city ＿I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason ＿you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题：This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。
高中英语语法系列：定语从句
高中英语语法系列：定语从句 知识要点 1.关系代词和关系副词的选用 2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 3.几组的关系词特殊用法 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who,whom,that,which,wh ere,when,why等 关系词三重作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中担任句子成分。 The man who lives next to me sells vegetables. 该句中，who lives next to me是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系词 引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词w here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人，用作主语 whom指人，用作宾语 which指物，用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物，用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句： 先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.
2020考研英语：易混语法解析(三).doc
2020考研英语：易混语法解析(三) 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由我为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：易混语法解析(三)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! 2020考研英语：易混语法解析(三) ⑴定语从句 从定义来看，能充当定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句通常对名词起修饰、限定作用。它的构成如下：先行词+关系词+从句。其中，被定语从句修饰的名词称为先行词连接先行词和定语从句的连词称为关系词，分为关系代词，如who, whom ,what, whose, that等关系副词when, where, why.句子中的关系词该用关系代词，还是关系副词，取决于句子缺什么成分，缺主语、宾语和定语，用关系代词缺状语，用关系副词。 ⑵同位语从句 能充当同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。通常后面的从句能对前面的名词起一个解释、说明的作用。它的构成也是：名词+关系词+从句。通常，后面的从句解释说明前面的名词内容。 ⑶区别 看到这里，不少同学会发现，定语从句和同位语从句的构成非常相似，都是“名词+关系词+从句”的结构。那它们岂不是没有区别了?不对，肯定是有区别的，否则不都可以称为一个从句了?何还费事的取两个名字呢?那区别在哪呢?定语从句中，关系词引导的从句是一个不完整的从句，即从句中是缺少成分的，缺少什么成分决定了使用什么关系词而同位语从句中，关系词引导的从句是完整的句子，不缺少成分。 例：①He told me the news that is surprising. ②He told me the news that the plane is exploded.
考研英语语法之定语从句详解
考研英语语法之定语从句详解 考研英语语法体系中包含了三大从句，其中定语从句是考频最高的一种，且也是最重要的一种，在各个题型中都有所体现。因此在基础阶段各位考生一定要学会在长难句中如何快速的识别定语从句。 一、定语从句的构成：先行词（所修饰的名词）+关系代词/关系副词（从属连词）+从句 二、定语从句的类型：根据从属连词的不同可以将定语从句分为三种类型：关系代词引导的定语从句，关系副词引导的定语从句，和as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 who/whom 修饰人 which 修饰物 that，whose 修饰人或物 在这一类从句中需要注意的是关系代词在句子中所起的作用。首先，关系代词连接主句和从句；其次关系代词指代所修饰的先行词；最后关系代词往往在从句中做主语或者宾语，且做主语时关系代词不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。 例1：He who laughs last laughs best.（笑到最后的人笑得最美。） 分析：who引导定语从句修饰主句的主语he，且在从句中做主语，不能省略。 例2：He is collecting authentic material which can prove his argument.（他正在收集确凿的证据以证明他的观点。） 分析：that引导定语从句修饰名词material，且在从句中做主语，不能省略。 例3：The house (which) we bought last month is very beautiful.（我们上周买的这套房子很漂亮。） 分析：which引导定语从句修饰名词house，且在从句中做宾语，可以省略。 例4：The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.（妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。） 分析：whose引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词the girl，且在从句中做主语，不可以省略。 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 when 修饰表示时间的名词，在从句中做时间状语。 where 修饰表示地点场合的名词，在从句中做地点状语 why 修饰表示原因的名词，在从句中做原因状语 whereby 修饰表示方式或方法的名词，在从句中做方式状语 前三种关系副词在考研英语中出镜率比较高，最后一种不太常见，容易被考生忽略。关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 例1：The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments when the pictures speak for themselves. (播音员必须懂得沉默的价值，懂得在画面不需要解释说明的时刻如何利用沉默。) 分析：when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的名词moments，在从句中做时间状语。 例2：When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operation is established where time lose due to injuries is kept at a minimum.（工作完成后，一种无事故操作的环境被建立起来，在这种环境中，由于伤害造成的时间损失被保持在最低水平。） 分析：where引导定语从句修饰表示场合的名词climate，在从句中做地点状语。
(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
最新考研英语：翻译定语从句四大译法
考研英语翻译中，定语从句的考查是一个重点和难点，且考查频次也很高。据统计平均每年翻译真题中对定语从句的考查达到2次。所以考生必须要掌握这个句型翻译，下面分享四大翻译法，帮你搞定定语从句! 英语中的定语从句起到了一个修饰的作用，作用相当于形容词，那么定语从句我们也称之为形容词性从句。同时，我们把定语从句分为两类，一是限制性定语从句，一类是非限定性定语从句。那么，什么是限定性定语从句，简单来讲就是对所修饰的先行词的意思加以限制，表示"…的人或是物"，例如：He is a man whom you should marry.在这个句子中，如果去掉定语从句whom you should marry.这个句子意思就不完整，甚至可以说是不成立了。 而非限定性定语从句，顾名思义，这类定语从句对于所修饰的事物没有限制意义的作用，而起到一种补充说明和解释的作用，与主句的关系并不密切，拿掉非限定性定语从句，主句意思照样成立。例如：He is my father, who love me deeply.在这个句子中，如果去掉这个"who love me deeply."非限定性定语从句，He is my father，这个主句照样成立，意思也不会受到太大影响。而定语从句种类的不同，我们在翻译的时候采用的翻译方法也不尽相同。 ?前置法 当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单，或是较为简短时，我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带"的"的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前,将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。 Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.(2003) 本句中the environment后面又跟了一个定语从句。大家看下他是什么定语从句，是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。限定性吧!它有什么特点呢，只有三个词，意义和结构都较为简单，因此我们在翻译的时候就要把它放在他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。 But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998,71) 这个句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一个定语从句，其先行词是the patterns and structures.这个定语从句比较简单，我们可以直接将其翻译他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 ?单独成句 当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂，意义较为繁杂的时候，如果把它翻译在其修饰的先行词的后面的话，会显得定语太过于臃肿和复杂，而无法让评卷老师看的清清楚楚，明明白白。所以这个时候我们要把定语从句单独翻译出来,放置于原来它所修饰的词的后面当定语。同时当定语从句是一个非限定性定语从句的时候，往往也要单独成句。 Tylor defined culture as "...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." (2003,64) 在这个句子中，whole后面是一个很长的定语从句，无论从结构和意义上看都较为复杂，所以翻译时可以和先行词拆开。 译文：泰勒把文化定义为"一个复合体"，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(2004,61) "which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be."是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子;在定语从句中long before引导时间状语从句修饰动词短语Take Root，在状语从句中又包含了一个由how引导的宾语从句，作realized的宾语。句中Take root in作"扎根"讲。因此这个非限定性定语从句是较为复杂的，所以我们采用单独成句的翻译方法。 译文："希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程有着某种关系，这种观点在人们认识到语言的千差万别之前就在欧洲扎了根。" ?融合法 把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句，定语从句译成谓语。这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句，尤其是"there be"句型中。 There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。 There are many people who are interested in the new invention. 很多人对这项发明感兴趣。
大学英语语法与练习——unit14倒装资料讲解
大学英语语法与练习——u n i t14倒装
14. 倒装 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, com e, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes.Away they went. 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 14.2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, n ot until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题
高一英语定语从句讲解精华版
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
高中英语定语从句 例句
高中英语定语从句练习 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.