初二英语语法动词的时态自己整理全 1

初二英语语法辅导

自己整理全啊~~~~~~~~~~~

动词的时态

初中涉及的八种主要时态：一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时; 现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，现在完成进行时

（1）一般现在时通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作，或目前的特征或状态。构成：一般由动词的原形构成。当主语是第三人称单数时，实义动词要用第三人称单数的形式，在词尾加-s或者-es。

用法：a.可表示目前经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：He goes to school on foot every day.他每天步行上学。

She usually gets up at 6:00 in the morning. 他通常早上六点起床。

I go to Chinese classes every week.我每星期都去上中文课

I often watch TV, but sometimes I read.我常看电视，但有时候读书。

常与一般现在时搭配使用的时间状语有Every day/week/, often, usually等。

b. 表示客观真理时，用一般现在时. 例如：The earth goes round the sun 地球绕太阳转

c. 表示某人的特征，能力或状况。例如：She is very clever and beautiful. 她很聪明也很漂亮。

He is seventeen. 他十七岁了。

（2）一般过去时主要表示过去的习惯动作或过去某时发生的动作或状态。构成：一般由动词的过去式表示

动词的过去式及过去分词一般在词尾加-ed. 例如：work----worked; open-----opened;

stay--- stayed; want---wanted; close----closed.

注意：以-e为结尾的单词，只加d. 如：like-----liked.

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，要变y为i再加ed. 如: study---studied

以重读闭音节结尾的，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed 例如：stopp----stopped

不规则动词的过去式：teach----taught; catch----caught; buy---- bought;

think-----thought; make-----made; have/has------had; find-----found; come----came;

meet----met; give----gave; tell---told; build--- built; get---get; say----said;

begin---began; sing---sang; grow—grew; ride---rode; fly--- flew; wear---wore; take--- took; do---did; go----went; forget---forgot; fall---fell; take--- took; am/is----was;

are----were; write---wrote

一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况，或表示过去习惯性的动作。

Wei Hua had a busy day yesterday.魏华昨天很忙

Were you late yesterday? 你昨天迟到了么？

We went to the Zhongshan Park with our parents last Sunday.上周末我们跟父母去了中山公园I visited my grandparents last night. 昨天晚上我去拜访了我的祖父母。

We came here about two years ago.我们大约在两年前来到这里。

At that moment Lucy came into the library. 在那个时候，露西走进了图书馆。

在谈到死去的人时，多用一般过去时；

例如：Thomas Edison was a great American inventor. 托马斯.爱迪生是一位伟大的美国发明

家。

常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday, last night, last year, two years ago; at that time; just now. at the moment; two days ago等。

（3）一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或者状态，或将来某一段时间内经常性的动作或者状态。构成: will/shall+动词原形。

The day after tomorrow will be sunny. 后天天气晴朗.

I will be more careful next time. 我下次一定会小心.

I shall be twenty years old next year. 我明年二十岁。

表示将要发生的情况或动作，可以用be (am/is/are)+going to +动词原形。该结构表示“即将发生”或者“打算要”做某事

I think it is going to rain.我看看要下雨了。

I’m going to pick my teacher up at the station at seven. 我七点去车站接我的老师。

I’m going to find a part-time job for a year or two and save some money. 我打算找一份干一两年的兼职工作，存点钱。

常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有：tomorrow; next week. In two days; next year等。

注意：在时间和条件状语从句中，一般将来时必须用一般现在时来代替。

If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late. 如果你不马上走，你会迟到的。

I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就给你去电话。

When you climb higher, you will find nothing grows there at all. 当你爬的越高，你就会发现那里寸草不生。

（4）现在进行时表示现在或现价段正在进行的动作。构成：be (am/is/are) +动词-ing形式表示说话时正在发生或进行着动作，例如：

-----What are you doing now？你现在在干什么?

-----I’m doing my maths homework 我在做数学作业。

I am writing on the blackboard. 我正在黑板上写字。

Look！These boys are playing football on the ground. 看！那些男孩子正在操场上踢足球。

We are playing basketball. 我们正在打篮球

动词的-ing形式由动词+ing构成。但有几种情况需要注意：a.以不发音字母e为结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。例如：write---writing; live---living; like---liking; 以发音e为结尾的词，不可以去掉e，例如：see----seeing; agree---agreeing; b. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，当词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这一个辅音字母，再加-ing.

例如：swim---swimming; plan---planning; begin---beginning; stop---stopping;

prefer----- preferring. C. 以”辅音字母”+y 为结尾的词，要直接加-ing。例如：study---studying. 有两个特殊的词：die---dying; lie---lying.

（5）过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作，常由“was/were+动词-ing形式”构成。

What were you doing yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午在干什么？

I was watching TV with my parents at 8:00 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上八点我正在跟

父母一起看电视。

注意区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间“发生了的动作”或“存在着的”状态，而过去进行时强调在过去某一时刻或某一段时间“正在进行的动作”。

I lent a pan to you two weeks ago. 我两星期前借你了一口锅（此句表示两星期前发生

了的动作，故用一般过去时）

I was watching TV at ten o’clock yesterday morning. 昨天上午十点钟我正在看电视。

（表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时）

常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有两类：一类是表示过去的“某点”时间，如:at that time, at this time last week, when he came in 等类时间状语从句等；另一类是表示过去的“某段”时间，如yesterday morning 等。

At this time yesterday, the man downstairs was trying to sleep. 在昨天的这个时候，楼下的男人正准备睡觉。

What were you doing yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午在干什么？

（6）现在完成时表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作，或者表示过去某时间一直延续到现在的动作或状态。常由“助动词have或has+过去分词”构成。

I’m afraid that you’ve lost it, you may pay for it. 如果你把书弄丢了的话，恐怕你得赔偿。（“已经丢了”，对现在的影响“是赔偿”）

She has been here for four years. 她已经在这呆了四年了。（动作从过去一直延续到现在）

We have studies English for five years. 我们学习英语应经有五年了。

This is the first time I have been there. 这是我第一次来这里。

注意：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。现在完成时和一般过去时虽然都表示过去的动作；但现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是与现在的关系，不能与in 1949 或just now等

明确的过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示明确的过去的时间状语连用。

The train has arrived. 火车已经到了。（没有明确的表示过去的时间状语）

The train arrived half an hour ago.火车是半个小时前到的。（有明确的表示过去的时间状语）

Have you ever been to West Hill Farm? 你去过西山农场么？（强调对现在的影响，暗含是否了解西山农场之意）

One day, Mrs. King asked Lucy to go shopping for her. 一天，金夫人让露西去给她买点东西。（ask用过去时只表示过去的动作，与现在没有关系。另外有明确过去时间状语one day）

与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：already, never, ever, just, before, in the last/past ten years, so far, for+一段时间等。表示明确的过去的时间状语（in 1949, just now, last week, when等从句）与一般过去时连用。

注意区别：have been to 常用来表示“到过某地”，暗示过去的经历使主语对那个地方有所了解，“而现在已经不在该地”；而have been to 表示“已经出发去了某地”，有“此刻已经在去某地途中或已到达某地之意”暗示过去发生的“go”的动作造成现在不说话现场的结果。

Have you ever been to West Farm? 你去过西山农场么？

He has gone to England with his family.他与家人去英格兰了。

（7）过去完成时表示在过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作或一直延续的动作或状态。他表示的动作所发生的时间是“过去的过去”，常用“助动词had+过去分词”构成。

He said that he had never seen such a beautiful bird before. 他说他以前从没见过这么漂亮的鸟。

过去完成时与现在完成时的主要区别是时间的参照点不同：过去完成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的”时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是“现在”。

When I got there, you had already started playing. 当我到那儿的时候，你们已经开始比

赛了。

Have you taken your medicine today？你今天吃药了吗?

常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the end of)+过去的时间，for +段时间，since+

点时间，when 引导的时间状语从句（从句中谓语动词用过去时）

By the end of the match, they had kicked two goals and we had kicked four. 到比赛结

束时，他们已经踢进了两个球，我们进了四个球。

1.-----He comes early this morning, doesn’t he? -----Yes, he does. He often________ to school

early.

A. come

B. comes

C. came

D. has come

2.Ann ____ her hair every week. A. is going to wash B. wash C. washes D. is washing

3.They usually _____TV in the evening. A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches

4.The sun ___ in the east and___ in the west. A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D. rises;

set

5.Miss Gao___ English on the radio every morning. A. had studied B. studies C. study D.

studied

6.-I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim?

-So do I, but my sister ___.

A. hasn't

B. doesn't

C. didn't

D. won’t

7.She will go if it ___ tomorrow.

A. isn't rain

B. don't rain

C. doesn't rain

D. didn't rain

8._____ they often ___ these old men? -Yes, they___.

A. Do; help; are

B.Are; helping; are

C. Do; help; do

D. Are; helped; are

9.___ he ___ to work on foot? -Yes, he___.

A. Do; go; do

B. Does; go; does

C. Is; going; does

D. Does; go; is

10._____ you ___ some speaking in English every day?

A. Is; speaking

B. Do; do

C. Do; does

D. Does; do

11._____ here and ask him about it yesterday?

A. Did you come

B. Would you not go

C. You didn't come

D. Aren't you go

12.___ he ___ a good time last Sunday?

A. Were; were

B. Did; do

C. Did; has

D. Did; have

13.-____ the bus ____ just now? -Yes, but it has left.

A. Has; come

B. Did; come

C. Is; come

D. Does; come

14.He came in, ___ his coat and sat down.

A. took down

B. took off

C. taking down

D. taking off

15.We carried some water, dug some holes and ___ to plant these trees.

A. begin

B. began

C. beginning

D. begins

16.The old lady cleaned the tables, ___ some dirty clothes and did some cooking.

A. washing

B. washed

C. washes

D. wash

17.When he was a child, he____ in the garden in the morning.

A. always plays

B. always played

C. plays always

D. played always

18.Look! There ___________ some apples in that trees.

A.is

B. was

C. are

D. were

19.Jenny is a nurse and _____________ in Town Hospital.

A.works

B. worked

C. had worked

20.Listen! Mary is ___________in the next room.

A.Sings

B. singing

C. sang D . was singing

21 . Mother ____ me a new coat yesterday, I _____ it on. It fits me well.

A. has made…have tried

B. made…have tried

C. has made…tried

D. made…tried

22. “ He ____ to draw horses already .” “ When ____he ?”. “ Last year. “

A. learned...has B. learned (i)

C. has learned...has D. has learned (i)

23. Tom ____ up into the tree. Look, he _____ high up there !

A. has got… is

B. has climbed… was

C. got… was

D. climbed… is

24. _____you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we _____ it two hours ago.

A. Did…copy…did

B. Have… copied…have

C. Have… copied… did

D. Did …copy…had

25. “Why _______she angry?" "Because he _____ at her just now.

A. did… get, shouted

B. has…got…shouted

C. did… get… has shouted

D. has…got…has shouted

26. _____ you ______ the film before ? Where ____ you _____ it ?

A. Have… seen… did… see

B. Did…see…die…watch

C. Have…seen… have… seen

D. Did…see…have…see

1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ back

A. come

B. comes

C. will come

D. came

2. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.

A. tries…buys

B. tries… buies

C. trys… buys

D. trys… buies

3. The girl often ______ cold when she ______.

A. cathcs…d ance

B. catches… dances

C. catchs…dancees

D.

catches… dancee,

4. _____ he ____ himself there? No, I don't think so.

A. Do…enjoy

B. Does… enjoies

C. Does… enjoys

D. Does…enjoy

5. _____ your teacher ____ from them very often? Certainly.

A. Do…hear

B. Does…hear

C. Do… receive

D. receive

6. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays?

A. Does…does

B. Do…does

C. Does…do

D. Do… do

7. _____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _____.

A. Has… x…does

B. Has…x…does

C. Does…has…has

D. Does… have…does

8. Don’t make so much noise. We ___________ to the music.

A. are listening

B. listen

C. listened D have listened

9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____? _____ , he does.

A. does he…No

B. does he…Yes

C. doesn’t he…No

D. doesn’t he…Yes

10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?

A. goe s…doesn’t

B. goes…isn’t

C. doesn’t go…does

D. doesn’t go…is

11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.

A. watch

B. watches

C. watching

D. is watching

12. We’ll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorr ow.

A. snow

B. snows

C. will snow

D. snowed

13. Neither I nor he ______ French.

A. speak

B. doesn't speak

C. speaks

D. doesn't speak

14. Nobody ______ how to run this machines.

A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing

15. We ___________ our grandparents last weekend.

A. visit

B. visits

C. visited D are visiting

16. Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.

A. swimming… playing

B. swimming…plaiing

C. swimming… I playing

D. swimming…plaing

17. Look ! The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ .

A. playing… dance

B. playing… dancing

C. play… dancing

D. play… dance

18. ---- hi, Andy. How was your trip to Disneyworld? ----- oh, we __________ a good time

there.

A. are having

B. have had

C. had

D. have

19. He turned off the lights and then __________ the classroom.

A. leaves

B. will leave

C. is leaving

D. left

20. ---________ he ___________ at this school last term? ---- yes, I think so.

A. Did; study

B. Does; study

C. was; study

D. Did; studied.

21.The world___________now. Things never stay the same.

A. changes

B. is changing

C. was changing

D. will change

22.Do you know ____________________ over there?

A.what happens

B. what was happened.

C. what is happening

D. what did happen

23.Other people won’t be pleased if he _______ the queue.

A.will jump

B. jumps

C. jump

D. jumped

24.We’ll climb Qianling Hills if it ____________ next Sunday.

A.won’t rain

B. rain

C. rainy

D. doesn’t rain

25.I will let you know about it as soon as I _________ the news.

A.will get

B. gets

C. got

D. get

26.-----It’s time to do your homework, jack. ----Yes, Mum, I’ll turn off the TV as soon as the

program __________.

A.ends

B. end

C. will be ended

D. will end

27.He won’t leave his office until he ____________his work.

A.Will finish

B. finishes

C. is finishing

D. finish

28. You _____ me waiting for two hours. I _____ for you since five.

A. Kept…waited

B. have kept…waited

C. kept…have waited

D. have kept…have waited

29. Where _____John _____? To the library. He _____ there for an hour.

A. has… been … has gone

B. has…gone…has been

C. did… go… went

D. did…be…went

30. _____ the baby still _____ ? No, it ______ crying.

A. Has… cried… has stopped

B. Is…crying…stopped

C. Did… cry… stopped

D. Is…crying…has stopped

31. I _____ the way. I ______ here for quite many years.

A. knew... have lived B. knew (iv)

C. know... have lived D. know (iv)

32. _____ you ever _____America ? Yes, I have.

A. Have… gone to

B. Have… gone in

C. Have… been to

D. Have… been in

33. He _____ angry because he _____ for a long time.

A. had got…had waited

B. got…waited

C. had got…waited

D. got…had waited

34. He _____ the Army by the end of 1992. He ____ in the army since then.

A. joined…is

B. has joined…has been

C. had joined…is

D. has joined… has been

35. By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten metres.

A. came…have climbed

B. came…had climbed

C. come…have climbed

D. had come…climbed

36. Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock. Then he____ a te st.

A. went…took

B. went…had taken

C. had gone…took

D. had gone…had taken

37. We _____ out by that time that he ____ a thief for a long time.

A. had found…had been

B. had found…was

C. found…had been

D. found…was

38. He _____ angry because he _____ for a long time.

A. had got…had waited

B. got…waited

C. had got…waited

D. got…had waited

39. Paper _____ first invented in China.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

40. The Greens _____ China for five years.

A. has been in

B. have been in

C. went to

D. has gone to

41.There _____ an eraser under the desk. Is it yours ?

A. is

B. has

C. was

D. had

初二语法：现在完成时

一、意义与构成

1. 意义：表示过去

1) 发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果

2) 某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态

2. 基本构成：have/has+ done (过去分词)

3. 句型

基本结构：主语+have/has+ done (过去分词)

a. 肯定句：主语+have/has+ done (过去分词)

b. 否定句：主语+have/has+not+ done (过去分词)

c. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+ done (过去分词)

d. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+ done过去分词

二、过去分词

与动词的过去式一样，动词的过去分词有规则动词过去分词和不规则动词过去分词两种。

1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同

1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed ”

如：work—worked—worked; play—played—played; enjoy—enjoyed—enjoyed.

2) 以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d ”

如：dance—danced—danced; live—lived—lived; place—placed—placed.

3) 以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将“y”变为“i”，再加“ed”

注意：元音字母+y结尾的动词的过去分词的变法参见一般动词。

如：carry—carried—carried; hurry—hurried—hurried; cry—cried—cried

4) 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母，再加“ed”

如：plan—planned—planned; stop—stopped—stopped; drop—dropped—dropped

2. 不规则动词

不规则动词的过去分词有5种形式：

A-A-A 如：cost—cost—cost; cut—cut—cut; hit—hit—hit

A-B-B 如：bring—brought—brought; build—built—built; catch—caught—caught;

keep—kept—kept; sell—sold—sold; smell—smelt—smelt;

learn—learnt—learnt; say—said—said; meet—met—met;

make—made—made; leave—left—left

此类变化涉及到的动词较多，需要同学们认真记忆。

A-B-C 如：begin—began—begun; blow—blew—blown; drive—drove—drive;

break—broke—broken; forget—forgot—forgotten; eat—ate—eaten;

take—took—taken; do—did—done

此类变化涉及到的动词较多，需要同学们认真记忆。

A-A-B 如：beat—beat—beaten

A-B-A 如：come—came—come

不规则动词的过去分词变化规则多，但是还是有一定的规律所循，希望同学们多花心思，细心记下，这是使用完成时态的基础。

三、用法

1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已发生过或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说，动

作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。

I have spent all of my money. 我花光了身上所有的钱。

(含义是：I don’t have any money now.)

Jane has laid the table. Jane已经把桌子摆好了。

(含义是：We can sit and have dinner.)

Michael has been ill. Michael病了。

(含义是：He can’t come to school.)

He has returned from abroad. 他已经从国外回来了。

(含义是：He’s at home now.)

2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for（+时间段），

since（+时间点）连用。

Mary has been ill for three days. Mary已经病了三天了。

I have lived here since 1998. 我从1998年起一直住在这。

I have been a teacher for 10 years. 我当老师已经10年了。

注意：点动词（buy, die, join, finish等）不能直接与for, since 连用，需要改变动词。

1) have代替buy

I have bought new car. 他买了辆新车。(含义：他自己有车，不用搭别人车等。)

I have had this bike for almost 7 years. 我买这辆自行车七年了。

2) 用keep或have代替borrow

He has kept the book for a long time. 他借这书好长时间了。

3) 用be in替代come to/ join/ move to等

How long have you been in America? 你来美国多久了？

4) 用be+副词替代start/ get up/ return to/go back to

The show has been on for half an hour. Hurry up!

演出已经开始了半个小时了。快点！

I’ve been up for an hour, but I still feel sleepy.

我起床已经一个小时了，但是我还是觉得很困。

He has been back to his hometown for a year, but he’s still missing the life in the

city.

他回到故乡都一年了，但是他还是很怀念城市生活。

总之，后加时间的完成时表达中，都表达一个动作所延续的时间，而点动词只表达那一动作，动作之后所处的状态，应该用相应的状态词来表达，如come是“来”的意思，而来之后的日子都是“在…”因为不能用come表达，应该用be in…来表达，意为“一直处于…”。

3. 现在完成时的时间状语

现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last Sunday,

in1990, three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时

间状语连用。

如：I have finished my homework yesterday. (×)

I finished my homework yesterday. (√)

1)副词already和yet

already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

如：I’ve already slept for 12 hours but I’m still feeling tired.

我都睡了12个小时了可是我还是很累。

I haven’t finished working yet.

我还没有完成工作。

Have you found your lost cat yet?

你找到你丢了的小猫了吗？

2)ever和never

多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未”。

如：---Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？

---No, I haven’t. I have never been to the Great Wall. 没有。我从未去过长城。

3)用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如：just, before, up to now, the past few years 等。

如：I have just finished my paper. 我才写完我的论文。

I’ve dream about that before. 我以前梦到过那个情景。

Up to now, he has got 3 gold medals in the Olympic Games.

到现在为止，他已经在奥运会中取得了三块金牌。

He has been there three times the last few days.

近几年他去过那里三次了。

4)用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)

等。

如：---Have you met him today?

---No, I haven't.

---今天你见过他吗？---没有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去过那里多少次？

四、练习

（一）单项选择

1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they __________ what happened to him.

A. knew

B. have known

C. must know

D. will know

2. Have you met Mr. Li __________?

A. just

B. ago

C. before

D. a moment ago

3. The famous writer __________ two new books in the past two year.

A. is writing

B. was writing

C. wrote

D. has written

4. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I __________ it twice.

A. will see

B. have seen

C. saw

D. see

5. ---These farmers have been to the United States.

---Really? When __________ there?

A. will they g

B. did they go

C. do they go

D. have they gone

6. ---__________ you __________ your homework yet?

---Yes. I __________ it a moment ago.

A. Did; do; finished

B. Have; done; finished

C. Have; done; have finished

D. will; do; finish

7. His father __________ the Party since 1978.

A. joined

B. has joined

C. was in

D. has been in

8. ---Do you know him well?

---Sure. We __________ friends since ten years ago.

A. were

B. have been

C. have become

D. have made

9. ---How long have you __________ here?

---About two months.

A. been

B. gone

C. come

D. arrived

10. The house is dirty. We __________ it for weeks.

A. didn’t clean

B. hadn’t cleaned

C. don’t clean

D. haven’t cleaned

11. You don’t need to describe her. I __________ her several times.

A. had met

B. have met

C. met

D. meet

12. He __________ English for six years by the time he takes his examination.

A. has studied

B. studied

C. will study

D. had studied

（二）翻译句子

1. 我父亲以前到过长城。

_________________________________________________________

2. 她去过上海。

_________________________________________________________

3. 这本字典我已经买了三年了。

_________________________________________________________

4. 他们已经互相认识。

_________________________________________________________

5. 我哥哥还没有回来。

_________________________________________________________

答案：

（一）单项选择

1. 现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，题目中提出父母很悲伤，这是对现在的影

响，由此可知应用完成时，答案B。从意思来讲，父母看上去很悲伤，也许他们已经知道了他的事。

2. B，D 两选项应用于一般过去时，A，C两词用语现在完成时，但是just用于助动词have/has 后，而

本题应填在句末，因而使用before，答案C。

3. 现在完成时常与“in the past + 一段时间”连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一

段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故应选D。

4. 现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等

表示重复次数的词语连用。故应选B。

5. when这个时间状语表达“何时”，问确切的时间，多用于一般过去时、一般将来时和一般现在时，

故答案为B。

6. 问句中yet是一般现在时的标志，a moment ago中的ago是典型的一般过去时的标志，因而答案为B

7. 现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的

延续性动词来代替。故答案依为D。

8. since是现在完成时的典型标志，而become是个点动词，在用语完成时表达时，应换成相对应的延续

性动词，因而答案为B。

9. 有问句可知是完成时，而“到这儿”这个概念应该用延续性动词表达，对应词为been，答案为A。

10. 从意思来看，房子很脏，推断出一定是一直没有打扫，又看到for weeks，for+一段时间是完成时

中的用法，因而答案为D。

11. Several times 几次，现在完成时常与次数连用，因而答案为A。

12. for+一段时间是完成时中的用法，因而选择A。

（二）翻译句子

1. My father has been to the Great Wall before.

2. She has been to Shanghai.

3. I have had this dictionary for three years.

4. They have already known each other.

5. His elder brother hasn’t come back yet.

初二语法：现在完成时补充

本周教学难点：完成时中非延续性动词向延续性动词的转换

1、什么时候一定要用延续性动词：

在含有以下三个标志词的完成时句型中：since，for，how long

2、哪些瞬间性动词需要变成相应的延续性动词或结构

open--- be open close--- be closed

come/go/ arrive--- be (in) become--- be

start/ begin --- be on finish/end--- be over

leave--- be away die--- be dead

get up--- be up wake up--- be awake

get married--- be married borrow--- keep

catch a cold--- have a cold buy--- have

join --- be in/ be a member of

3、句型：

(1)如：这本书他借了一个月了。(不用borrow)

He has kept the book for a month.

He has kept the book since a month ago.

(2)这本书他借了多久了？

How long has he kept the book?

现在完成时专项练习

一、单项选择

1. —My god! I ______ the book from the library for more than two months.

—Go to see if you will be fined.

A. have lent

B. have borrowed

C. have returned

D. have kept

2. —David, where have you ______ recently?

—I have ______ to Shanghai with classmates.

A. been, gone

B. been, been

C. gone, been

D. gone, gone

3. —Where is Jack’s brother? I haven’t seen him for a long time.

—______.

A. He has been to Suzhou

B. He has gone to Suzhou

C. He is going to Suzhou

D. He will go to Suzhou

4. My friends have ______ there since the firm set up.

A. work

B. start working

C. begun to work

D. worked

5. Sara ______ the Summer Palace twice.

A. went to

B. goes to

C. has gone to

D. has been to

6. It ______ 20 years since they ______ to China.

A. was, came

B. was, have come

C. is, have come

D. is, came

7. ----______ to Italy?

----No, never, but I went to France 5 years ago.

A. Did you go

B. Have you gone

C. Have you been

D. Are you going

8. She is not going to the concerts this Sunday night because she ______ her ticket.

A. didn’t lose

B. has lost

C. will lose

D. didn’t have

9. Stephen has studied Chinese in China ______.

A. for three months

B. three monthsago

C. since three months

D. for three monthsago

10. We ______ our mission so far. It is really fantastic.

A．to finish B. finish C. have finished D. finishing

11. Mathew_______ already _______ Eton Town since 1998.

A. have, lived

B. has, lived

C. have, live

D. has, living

12. ----Are you familiar with the famous singer---Jay Chou?

----Certainly! I _________ to his concerts many times.

A. go

B. am going

C. have gone

D. goes

13. ----Nowadays my hometown has taken a new look. It is so wonderful.

----Really. Great changes _______________during the past 30 years.

A. have taken place

B. are taken place

C. took place

D. take place

14. ----Where is my wallet?

----I __________it here just now but I can’t find it now.

A. saw

B. have seen

C. was seeing

D. see

15. It’s 8:00 now. You_______ to write your homework yet, Bob.

A. haven’t started

B. didn’t start

C. don’t start

D. won’t start

16. My elder sister ____ a new pair of trousers last night. I _______ them on. They are

perfect.

A. has made, tried

B. made, tried

C. had made, have tried

D. made, have tried

17．----We ____how to drive already.

----When ______ you learn?

----Two years ago!

A. learned, does

B. learned, did

C. have learned, does

D. have learned, did

18. Billy _____up for a few minutes.

A. was getting

B. is getting

C. has got

D. has been

19．----____ Jim and you _____ the paragraphs _____ ?

----Yes, we ____ them last night.

A. Have, copied, already, have

B. Did, copy, yet, did

C. Have, copied, yet, did

D. Did, copy, ever, had

20. ----Have you finished your homework ______?

----No,_________.

A. already, not yet

B. yet, not yet

C. already, I haven’t

D. ever, not yet

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. With a book in his hand, Mr. Liu ______(hurry) to enter the room just now.

2. Nicolas _________(make) a lot of friends since 2000.

3. They _________(know) many foreigners up till now.

4. He _________ already _______(write) a letter to the president of the U.S.A.

5. —When _________ she _________(leave)? —4 weeks ago.

6. —_________ you ever_________(watch) the movie?

—Yes, I _________.

—Where __________ you ________(watch) it?

—At Beijing Theater.

7. —Sally, I _________( not see) you for a long time.

—Yeah, I also miss you very much.

8. The class______ (end).for ten minutes.

9. How long _________ she _________(be) ill?

10. They _______(stop) to have a rest already.

三、按要求完成句子(同义句转换，每空一词)。

1. The twins arrived home three days ago.

The twins ___________ _________ home for three days.

2. They bought a new computer last week.

They have __________ a new computer___________ last week.

3. The foreign guests left China two days ago.

The foreign guests have __________ ___________ from China for two days.

4. The film began fifteen minutes ago.

The film __________ ___________ ___________ for fifteen minutes.

5. The old lady died 10 years ago.

The old lady ___________ ___________ ___________ for 10 years.

四. 根据汉语提示完成句子

1．你最近收到你美国笔友的来信了吗？

_______ you ______ ________ your American pen-pal _________ ?

2. 我们已经很长时间没有看望老师了。

We________ ________ our teacher ______ ______ _______ _______.

3. Billy曾经去过几次日本。

Billy _______ _______ _______ Japan for ______ times.

4. 他们已经去火车站了。

They ______ ______ ______ ______ station.

5. 史密斯一家还没有回来。

The Smiths _______ _______ _______ _______.

参考答案

一、

1-5 DBBDD 6-10 DCBAC

11-15 BCAAA 16-20 DDDCB

二、

1. hurried

2. has made

3. have known

4.has written

5.did, leave

6. Have, watched; have; did, watch

7. haven’t seen

8. have been over

9. has been10. have stopped

三、

1. have been

2. has been on

3. had, since

4. has been dead

5. been away

四、

1. Have, heard from, recently

2. haven’t visited, for a long time

3. has been to, several

4. have gone to

5. haven’t been back yet