初中中考定语从句专项.doc

定语从句讲解及练习

定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

如： 1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2) You must do everything that I do.

上面两句中的 man和 everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who( 宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词 where, when 、why

关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2 、代替先行词 3 、在定语从句中担当一个成分

二 .关系代词引导的定语从句

1. who 指人，在从句中做主语或宾语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

如果先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, 关系代词应该用 who 或 whom.

例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you

2.whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1)Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

关系代词 whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

例如： The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

在句子中做( which 主语 )

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做

宾语 )

4.that 指人时，相当于 who或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which 。

（在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。）

(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子

中做主语 )

(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning (在句子中做宾语) 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

只能使用 that, 不用 which 的情况：

(1) 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代

词时。

例如： All that he said is true.

(2) 先行词被 only, no, any, all, 等词修饰时。

例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。

例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

例如： This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。

例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

只用 which/who,不用that的情况：

(1)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词 that, 作宾语用的关系代词也不能省

略。

例如： The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang.

That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.

非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限 )

There is somebody here who wants to speak to you 这里有人要和你说话 ( 限制性 )

(2)which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所

表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中， which 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与 and this 相似，并可以指人。

例如： He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1). He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2). I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3). The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(4). Do you like the book whose color is yellow

=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow

6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。

例如： I ’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。

例如： This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city

8." 介词＋关系代词 " 是一个普遍使用的结构。

“介词＋关系代词 " 可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从

句。" 介词＋关系代词 " 结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, to at, of, without等，关系代词只可用whom或 which, from, for,

不可用 that

with,

。

例:The man who/whom you spoke to is a teacher.

The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.

一．请分析一下定语从句： ( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)

1.Check the ways you study for an English test.

2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.

3. You couldn ’t understand people who talked fast.

4. I have some ideas that may help.

5. T hey said something you didn’t like.

6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently 8. He would always take pride in everything good I do.

9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.

10.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey

12.If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.

13.Standing very close to the person you are talking with is

quite common in some countries.

14.If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.

二、用关系代词填空： that、which、who、whom、whose

1.This is the man ____________ wants to see you.

2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.

3.The man __________ you went to see has come.

4.The man __________I met yesterday lent me some money.

5.The woman___________ you saw is our geography teacher.

6. The runner _______________ you are asking about is over there.

7. The person _____________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.

8.The man ___________ was passing by saw what happened.

9.Here is the pen ______________ you lost the day before yesterday.

10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.

11. The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be

easilyforgotten.

12. A clock is a machine _____________ tells people the time.

13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.

14. A dictionary is a book ________________ gives the meaning to

the word.

15.The book _______________ is on the table is mine.

16.The film _______________ they are talking about is

very interesting.

17. I will never forget the people and the places ________ I have ever

visited.

18.Is there anyone _________________ family is in Beijing

19.Show me the boy ____________ mother is a well-known singer.

20.The boy________________ father is a teacher is good at English.

三、单项选择

( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.

A. who

B. which

C. whom

D. whose ( ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.

A. in which

B. in that this

C. all that

D. in

everything

( ) 4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.

A. whom

B. whose

C. that

D. which ( ) 5. This is the museum______ we visited last year.

A. where

B. in which

C. which

D. in that ( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. who ( ) 7. Do you know the student_____

A. whom I often talk

B. with who I often talk

C. I often talk with

D. that I often talk

( ) 8. I like the house_____ windows face south.

A. whose

B. who ’s

C. it's

D. its ( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____

A. what I need need

C. which I need it

D. that I need it

( ) 10. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.

A. who

B. to whom

C. whom

D. that 】( ) 11. Do you know the worker ______

A. whom I often talk

B. with who I often talk

C. I often talk with

D. that I often talk

( ) 12. You have seen the girl ____ sister is a Chinese teacher.

A. whom

B. of whom

C. whose

D. of which

() 13. Those ____ finished doing it put up your hands.

A. who have

B. who has

C. which have

D. have

( )14. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comesfrom Beijing.

A. who

B. which

C. whom

D. whose

( )15. What’s the name of the program________.

A. which are listening

B. you are listening to

C. to that you are listening

D. that you are listening

()16. ---- What are your favorite songs

A. ---- The songs _____________ were sung by

B. what

C.

when. D. where

()17. ---Do you remember the woman_________gave you a hand when you were in trouble

--- Of course. I will remember her all the life.

A. what C. which D. who

() have become good friends with several of the students in my

school________I met in the English speech contest last year.

A. who

B. where

( ) Have you found the information about the famous people_________ you can use for the report

---Not yet. I ’ll search some on the Internet.

A. who

()20. Friends are those__________ make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.

A. which

()21. ---- Is there a right music_________ I can dance to

---- Yes ,but I have to look for it.

A. whose

B. that

( )22.She is _________ in hospital. I have to look after the ___ person.

A. ill...sick...sick ...ill A and

B.

()23. How lucky. The police stopped the

accident____________..

A. at times.time time the time

()24. ----- How is your grandma

-----She is fine. She used to____ TV at homeafter

supper. But now she used to____ out for a walk.

A. watch...go...go ...going...going

() is________ with him. He will be all right soon.

A. something serious something

serious nothing.

() found many_________ leaves on the ground.

A. die C. death D. dying

()27. Can we_________ a date for the next meeting

A. agree with to on D. Agree

四．将下列句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句

1. He is reading a book. It ’s about Beijing Opera.

2. Those are the shoes. My mother bought them for me yesterday.

3. Do you know the football player He scored two goals in the last match.

4.We hate those people. They talk much but do little.

5.My sister doesn ’t eat the food. It has chocolate in it.

6.I got an email. My friend sent it to me.

7.He is the boy. You wanted to find him.

8.The man is waiting for you at the gate. His coat is black.

9.I like the novels. They are written by D. Henery

10.The girl is in hospital. She was hurt in the accident.

11.The woman is wearing a hat. She is my mother.

12.I like the dancer. She dances in a special way.