PETS-4试题同步辅导

EXERCISE 1

Information Technology

1982 was the year of information technology in Great Britain. But what exactly is infotech? 85% of the people __1___ recently had not a clue what it means, __2___53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important.They were __3___.It is.So what is it? Well, put simply,it is the "marry-up"of products__4___several key industries:computers, telephone, televisions, satellites.

It means __5___ microelectronics, telecommunication networks fibre optics__6___produce,store,obtain and send information by way of words,numbers,pictures and sound__7___and efficiency than ever before.

The __8__ infotech is having and is going to have on our lives and work is tremendous.It is already linking the skills of the space industry with __9___ of cable television,so programmes can be beamed directly into our homes ___10__ all over the world. Armies of "steel collar"workers,the robots,will soon be working in factories doing the boring,complex and __11___jobs which are at present still done by man. In some areas __12___the car industry this has already started. television will also be used to enable customers __13___from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering___14__ the TV screen, payment being made by direct debit of their credit cards.The automatic booking of tickets will also be done through the television__15___ .Cable television __16___in many countries now gives a choice of ___17__ channels will soon be used to___18___ our homes by operating burglar and fire alarms ___19___to police and fire https://www.360docs.net/doc/1c2987483.html,puters will run our homes,controling the heating,air-conditioned and cooking systems ___20___ robot will cope with the housework.the friendly postman will be a thing of the past as the post service and letters disappear with the electronic mail received via viewdata screens.

1) A polling B being polled C polled D having been polled

2) A so B although C however D but

3) A right B wrong C mad D crazy

4) A from B in C to D for

5) A to use B to be used C being used D using

6) A to help B to helping C to be helped D to being helped

7) A very quickly B more quickly C quicklier D most quickly

8) A force B affect C impact D control

9) A those B that C which D the one

10) A from B in C across D thoughtout

11) A interesting B dull C unpleasant D happy

12) A for example B for instance C like D such as

13) A shop B to shop C shopping D to shopping

14) A on B via C within D by

15) A screen B machine C set D show

16) A where B in which C which D it

17) A a dozen Bdozen C dozen of D dozens of

18) A protect B clean C run D manage

19) A related B associated C linked D joined

20) A while B because C since D for

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EXERCISE 2

The Central Problem of Economics

The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.

The problem we faced with is that our resources,here identified as money are _1__. The only way we can solve the problem is to _2__ choices.After looking at our resources,we must examine our list of _3__ and identify the things we need immediately , _4_ we can postpone,and those we cannot afford.As individuals,we face the central problem involved in economics---decideing how to allocate our limited resources to _5__ ourselves with greatest satisfaction of our wants.

Nations face __6_ problem. As a country's population_7__, the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase,but there _8__ are enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation.Whether the budget meeting is _9__ in the family living room,in the conference room of the corporation __10_ of directors,or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington,the basic problem still exists.We need to find _11__ of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.

A short time ago,economists _12__ goods into two categories,free and economic.The former.,like air and water,were in _13__ abundance that economists had no concern for them.After all,economists is the _14__ of scarcity and what to do about it.Today many of these "free goods" are _15__ very expensive to use.Population has made clean air and water _16__ for producers who have to filter their waste products,for consumers who ultimately _17__ the producer's extra cost,and _18__ taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement _19__ the environment.

In the 1990s,almost all goods are scares.Only by effort and money_20__ obtained in the from people wish.

1) A abundant B scarce C limited D unlimited

2) A have B do C make D ask

3) A want B resources C want D problem

4) A some B others C that D those

5) A bring B provide C take D satisfy

6) A another B the same C the other D a same

7) A growing B grown C grows D grow

8) A sometimes B always C often D never

9) A taking place B happening C replacing D taking the place

10) A board B group C management D function

11) A means B approach C ways D method

12) A seperate B divide C cut D divided

13) A a so B great C such D such an

14) A study B form C means D source

15) A particularly B in practice C pracitally D in reality

16) A cheaper B more expensive C expensive D cheap

17) A pay for Bwill pay for C use D will use

18) A the B with C for D also

19) A cleaning B in cleaning C about cleaning D clean

20) A they can be B they must be

C must they be

D can they be

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EXERCISE 3

Grandma Moses is among the most celebreted twentieth-century painters of the United States,yet she __1_ painting before she was in her late seventies.As she once spoken __2_ herself:" I would never sit back in a rocking chair,__3_ for some to help me."No one could have a __4_ old age.

She was born Anna Mary Robertson _5__ a farm in New York State,one of five boys and girls.("We came in bunches,_6__ radishes.") At twelve she left home and was __7_ domestic service until ,at twnety-seven,she _8__ Thomas Moses,one of the hired hands of her employers.They farms most of their _9__,first in Virginia and then in New York State,_10__ Eagle Bridge.She had ten children,of _11__ five survived; her husband died in 1927.

Grandma Moses _12__ a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a _13__, but only switched to oil in old age because her hands become too stiff __14_, and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time.Her _15__ were first sold at the local drugstore and at a fair, and were soon _16__ by a dealer who bought everything _17__ she painted.Three of the pictures were exhibition in the museum of Modern Art,and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York .__18_ the 1930s and her death she produced some 2000 pictures;detailed and lively portrayals of the _19__ life she had known for so long ,with a marvellous _20__ of color and form." I think real hard till think of something real pretty,and then I pain it."she said.

1) A barely startedt B was barely strated

C had barely started

D barely start

2) A about B of C on D over

3) A waiting B to waiting C and writing D am writing

4) A very productive B productive

C most productive

D more productive

5) A in B at C on D about

6) A unlike B like C likely D unlikely

7) A for B in C at D under

8) A married with B married to C marry D married

9) A life B live C lives D lifes

10) A in B at C under D on

11) A whom B which C that D who

12) A worked B read C studied D painted

13) A job B fun C hobby D interest

14) A sewing B to sew C to sewing D to be sewing

15) A books B pictures C arts D clothes

16) A spotted B recognized C damaged D featured

17) A which B who C whom D that

18) A for B in C during D between

19) A urban B town C rural D suburban

20) A feeling B sense C consciousness D feature

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EXERCISE 4

Check have largely __1_ money as a means of exchange for they are widely accepted everywhere.Though this is very _2__ for both buyer and seller,it should not be forgotten that checks are not real money;they are quite _3__ in themselves. A shopkeeper always runs a certain _4__ when he accepts a check and he is quite _5__ his rights if,on accasion,he refuses to do so. People do not always know this and are __6_ if their good faith is called _7__. An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely _8__ experience.He went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large __9_ of precious stone and asked to _10__ some pearl necklaces.After examing several trays,he decided to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked _11__he could pay by check.The assistant said that this was quite _12__,but the moment my friend signed his name,he was invited into the manager's office.

The manager was very polite,but he explained that someone __13_ exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless check not long ago. My friend fot very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace 14___.When he got up to go,the manager told him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay_15__ he wanted to get into serious troubles._16__ the police arrived soon afterwards,They apologized to my friend for the __17_ but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies.Then the police asked my friend to copy out a note _18__ had been used by the theft in a number of shops.The note _19__ "I have a gun in my pocket.Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe."Fortunately,my friend"s handwriting was quite _20__ the thief's.Then he was allowed to go without delay.

1) A made B replaced C instead D pretended

2) A favourite B popular C profitable D convenient

3) A dangerous B meaningless C unimportant D valueless

4) A chance B risk C opportunity D danger

5) A within B out of C without D beyond

6) A unhappy B ashamed Cshocked D puzzled

7) A in doubt B in earnest C in difficulty D in question

8) A exciting B happy C unpleasant D wonderful

9) A amount B accident C stock D number

10) A give B be given C show D be shown

11) A if B when C what D that

12) A in need B in common C in use D in order

13) A used B with C named D by

14) A anywhere B somewhere C somewhere else D everywhere

15) A unless B otherwise C if D whether

16) A really B sure enough C certainly D however

17) A manner B behavior C inconvenience D treatment

18) A told B read C which D what

19) A told B informed C read D wrote

20) A unlike B different C dissimilar D dislike

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EXERCISE 5

The meaning of time differ in different parts of the world.Thus,__1_ arise between prople from culture that _2__ time differently. Promptness is valued _3__ in Americna life.For example, if people are not prompt,__4_ may be regard as impolite __5_ not fully responsible. In the US,no one would __6_ of keeping a business associate __7_ for an hour.It would be too impolite,_8__ equal meet,a person who is five minutes late is ecpected _9__ a short apology.__10_ he is less than five minuteslate,he _11__ say a few words of explaintion ,_12__ perhaps he will not complete the sentence.

This _13__ of treating time is quite different from _14__ of several other cultures.This _15__ to explain the _16__ experience of a certain agriculturist from the United States,__17_ a duty in another country.After what seemed to him a suitable _18__ period,he _19__ that he would like to call _20__ the minister of agriculture.For various reasons the suggested time did not suit the minister;there were indirect indications that the time was not yet suitable.

1) A understanding B misunderstanding C believing D belief

2) A address B treat C handle D apply

3) A lowly B slowly C immediately D highly

4) A friends B they C others D American

5) A but B yet C or else D or

6) A consider B suppose C think D like

7) A waiting B to wait C waited D wait

8) A Since B When C While D That

9) A making B to make C made D have made

10) A Though B However C If D as though

11) A can B will C likely D maybe

12) A and B but C though D however

13) A practice B process C manner D way

14) A those B which C want D that

15) A saves B helps C serves D aids

16) A happy B fortunate C lucky D unfortunate

17) A attributed B assigned C distributed D named

18) A waiting B tried C waited D trying

19) A announced B declare C published D reported

20) A on B out C about D up

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EXERCISE 6

I have always found country life most __1_.The city ,a place _2__ business is only to _3__;it is not an an ideal place for permanent residence.People may say that the city can provide you with the best __4_ life can offer.

Your friends are always _5__ for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment.The _6__ exhinitions,films or plays are always within easy reach.Shopping ,too,is always a pleasure.But what _7__ the hustle and bustle of city like? The city dweller never has a moment __8_peace;he is always__9_.And what about the noise and pollution of the city? Day and night the city is in uproar with its unceasing traffic.The air is polluted _10__ prisonous gases emitted by the smokestacks of factories.The water supply is tained with impurities that are harmful to the human body.The city is indeed not a place to live in.

Country life is in many respects superior __11_ city life.For one thing , the people there are friendly.People are acquainted with one __12_.You can never _13__ receive a friendly nod or a kind word from anyone you _14__ meet.In the city people who live in the same _15__ are often strangers to one another.The air in the country is fresh and pure.Air pollution is a thing _16__ of there.You live a healthy life in the open air.Life goes on in a _17__ way and you don't have to hurry to catch _18__ bus or travel in a crowed bus with people _19__ like sardines.Gardening and fishing will be pleasant pasttimes.Reading a book _20__ the warm fireside will be another pleasant pastime on a cold winter night.Life in the country is indeed simple and pleasant.

1) A enjoyable B exciting C experienced D unpleasant

2) A in B on C out of D for

3) A be visiting B be visited C visit D visited

4) A where B when C what D who

5) A wanted B wanting C available D enjoyable

6) A latest B kindest C richest D poorest

7) A of B about C if D should

8) A for B even C once D often

9) A in a moment B at the moment C in a hurry D in a line

10) A in B with C of D within

11) A than B to C over D for

12) A another B other C what else D the others

13) A expected to B want to C fail to D plan to

14) A long to B be glad to C want to D chance to

15) A apartment B school C room D city

16) A hearing B unhearing C heard D unheard

17) A leisurely B easily C conveniently D effectively

18) A a B the C / D no

19) A fighting B fighted C packing D packed

20) A behind B by C in D on

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EXERCISE 7

In addition to their academic work,children in the United States are offered a wide range of activites in the after-school hours.

They are designed to help _1__ their skills,ability and appreciation of life; to give them a chance to practice leadership and __2_ responsibilities;_3__ school courses;and to provide additional outlets and stimuli.There is often a _4__ of activities from which to choose,such as nature clubs,musical organizations,science clubs,art and drama groups,or language clubs.A _5__ selection of sport activities is always available.__6_ every school has a student-run newspaper;often a photographic darkroom is also _7__,some of these activities take place during the school day,but _8__ are held after classes are over._9__ they're optional they _10__ a part of the American educational experience. Parents encourage their children to participate in those program that __11_ suit their own special talents and interests.Much is learned during these off-duty hours,especially in _12__ of human "give-and-take".Americans believe this _13__ human relationships,social skills and a well-trained body,_14__ intellectual development .Both _15__ and college admission officers in the United States carefully consider the extra curricular activities _16__ students have participated,both during their free time after school and also during the long holidays.These indicate to them _17__ of a young person's leadship potential enthusiasm,creativity,_18__ of interest,vitality and personality.They weigh these qualities,together with the academic record,in order to _19__ a student's intelligence,perseverance and ability to use what he knows,_20__ merely repeating it by rot on examination papers.

1) A broaden B extend C stretch D concentrate

2) A resume B assume C adopt D presume

3) A to supplement B supplemening C to support D supporting

4) A scale B specimen C ring D range

5) A deep B long C wide D high

6) A Lastly B Virtually C Finally D Consequently

7) A possible B available C peobable D capable

8) A many B few C other D some

9) A Even though B in case C despite D however

10) A consider B considered C are considering D are considered

11) A most B best C least D worst

12) A conditions B terms C condition D term

13) A included B includes C to include D including

14) A after all B except for C as well D as well as

15) A employers B employees C parents D relatives

16) A which B that C in that D in which

17) A anything B something C everything D nothing

18) A bread B butter C breadth D broad

19) A assess B assume C assist D assign

20) A no more than B rather than C better than D less than

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EXERCISE 8

Some personal characteristics play a vital role in the development of one's intelligence.But people fail to realize the importance of cultivating these factors in young people.

The so-called "non-intelligence factor" include __1_ feelings ,will,motivation,interests and habits.After a 30-year follow-up study of 8000 males,American psychologists _2__ that the main cause of disparities in intelligence is not intelligence _3__,but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn ,will-power and self-confidence.

_4__ people all know that one should have definite objectives,a strong will and good learning habits,quite a number of teachers and parents don't pay much attention to __5_ these factors. Some parents are greatly worried __6_ their children fail to do well in their studies.They blame either genetic factors,malnutrition,or laziness,but they never take _7__ consideration these non-intelligence factors.At the same time,some teachers don't inquire into these,as reason _8__ students do poorly.They simply give them more course and exercises,or _9__ rebuke or ridicule them.After all,these students lose self-confidence.Some of them just feel defeated and _10__ themselves up as hopeless.Others may go astray because they are sick of learning._11__ investigation of more than 1000 middle students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 percent of them were _12__ of learning,because of examination ,36.4 percent lacked persitence,initiative and conscientiousness and 10.3 percent were sick of learning.

It is clear _13__ the lack of cultivation of non-intelligence factors has been a main _14__ to intelligence development in teenagers.It even causes an imbalance between physiological and __15_ development among a few students.

If we don't start now to _16__ the cultivation of non-intelligence factors,it will not only obstruct the development of the __17_ of teenagers,but also affect the quality of a whole generation.Some experts have put forward _18__ about how to cultivate student's non-intelligence factors.

First,parents and teachers should _19__ understand teenage psychology.Onthis basic,they can help them to pursue the objectives of learning ,_20__ their interests and toughening their willpower.

1) A one's B their C his D her

2) A came out B found out C figured out D worked out

3) A in itself B by itself C itself D on its own

4) A though B nevertheless C however D moreover

5) A believing B studying C cultivating D developing

6) A about B when C how D whether

7) A for B in C into D over

8) A why B that C when D how

9) A ever B even C still D more

10) A put B get C handle D give

11) A the B an C another D and

12) A afraid B ahead C aware D ashamed

13) A that B how C why D which

14) A storage B tendency C threat D obstacle

15) A intelligent B characteristic C psychological D physical

16) A chase B thrust C strengthen D physical

17) A intelligence B diligence C maturity D performance

18) A projects B warnings C proposals D decision

19) A fully B greatly C very D highly

20) A insuring B going C exceeding D stimulating abcac bcabd

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EXERCISE 9

Ludwig Van Beethoven,a major composer of the nineteenth century,overcame many _1__ problems to achieve artistic greatness.

Born in Bonn,Germany,in 1770,he first studied music _2__ the court organist,Gilles Vander Eeden.His father was excessively strict and given to _3__ drinking.When his mother died,Beethoven,then a young man,was __4_ guardian of his two younger brothers.Appointed deputy court organists to Christian Gottlob Neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782,Beethoven also __5_ the harpsichord and the Viola.In 1792 he was sent to Vienna __6_ his patron.court Ferdinated Waldstein,to _7__ music under Haydn.

Beethoven __8_ unmarried.Because _9__ irregular payment from his publishers and erratic support __10_ his patrons,he was troubled by financial worries throughout his _11__ life.Continually plagued by _12__ health,he developed an ear infection which _13__ to his tragic deafness in 1819.

In _14__ of this handicap,however,he continued to write music.He completed mature mastepieces of great musical depth;three piano sonatas,four string quarters,the Missa Solemins,and the 9th Symphony.He died in 1872.His life was marked by a passionate dedication __15_ independence.

Nothing that Beethoven often __16_ into fits of rage,Goethe once said__17_ him," I am astonished by his talent,but he is unfortunately an altogether untamed personality." _18__ Beethoven's personality may have been _19__ ,his music shows great discipline and control ,and this is _20__ we remember him best.

1) A personal B himself C private D own

2) A by B within C with D for

3) A small B heavy C many D great

4) A sent B send C name D named

5) A played B play C playing D to play

6) A by B on C in D from

7) A studying B have studied C study D be studied

8) A reminded B remarked C remanded D remained

9) A for B of C with D on

10) A from B on C under D between

11) A older B younger C adult D old

12) A good B worse C illness D ill

13) A led B caused C leads D caused

14) A despite B spite C although D though

15) A of B on C to D with

16) A flew B fly C came D come

17) A with B for C to D of

18) A in spite of B although C however D since

19) A intamed B distamed C untamed D iltamed

20) A how B when C where D who acbda acdba

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EXERCISE 10

We know we have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything.Making up is also a useful practice,_1__ you shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours.Librarian who_2__ you books expect you to keep them clean,and you should .If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books,you will have to _3__ them.

There are two ways in _4__ one can own a book.The first is the property right you establish by _5__ it,just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But the act of purchase is only the prelude to __6_.Full ownership comes only when you have made it a _7__ of yourself,and the best way _8__ yourself a part of it is by writing in it.An illustration may make the point clear.You buy a beefsteak and transfer it __9_ the butcher's icebox to you own.But you don't own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you comsume it and get it _10__ your bloodstream.I am arguing that books,too,must be absored in tour bloodstream _11__ you any good.

There are three kinds of book owners.The first has all the standard sets and best sellers—unread,__12_.The second has a _13__ many books —few of them read__14_,most of them dipped into,but all of them as clean and shiny _15__ the day they were bought.The third has a few books or many—every one of them__16_ and dilapidated.

Why is __17_ a book indispensable to reading?First,it keeps you awake.I mean wide_18__.In the second place,reading if it is active,is thinking,and thinking __19_ express itself in words.Finally,writing helps you remember the thought you had,ot the thoughts the author _20__ .

1) A but B although C and D so

2) A borrow B borrrowed C lend D lent

3) A buying B buy C borrow D exchange

4) A which B that C what D there

5) A pay for B pay C paying D paying for

6) A possesses B possess C possession D possessions

7) A group B part C series D number

8) A to change B to make C making D changing

9) A from B into C to D form

10) A away from B out of C into D under

11) A having doing B doing C do D to do

12) A untouching B untouched C touching D touched

13) A great B large C big D greater

14) A on B aloud C through D about

15) A when B which C before D as

16) A dogearing B dogeared C to be dogeared D to dogear

17) A marking up B mark up C to mark up D to mark

18) A wake B wake up C awaking D awake

19) A tend to B tends to C tending to D tending

20) A expressing B to express C expressed D to expressing acbad cbbac

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EXERCISE 11

Although many people speak English,they don't pronounce it or spell the word they use the same way.The United States, in __1_ ,has its own special way of pronouncing and spelling the English language.They speak American English ,and they __2_ a lot of its special character to one man:Noah Webster.

Noah Webster was born in Connecticut in 1758.He _3__during a period of great American patriotism.He gratuated from Yale University when he was 20. The __4_ of the American Revolution brought independence to the United States,but political _5__ didn't satisfy Webster.He wanted to _6__ "the King's English" and replace it __7_ a special American Language.

In 1783,Webster published a textbook called The American spelling Book.It was used by generation after __8_ of American school children .Because the book had a blue back,it become famous __9_ "the blue-backed speller".

Webster also _10__ a dictionary.It too,became very __11_ and was updated and reprinted many times.__12_ are,when you go to look up a word,you'll _13__ the word in a new edition of Noah Webster's book.

In his books,Webster made many changes in the English used in the United States.He suggested new ways to __14_ and spell English words.He also added new American __15_ to the language. Webster made many other changes,most of _16__ American use today.However,Webster did not go __17_ his friend Benjamin Franklin wanted him to.Franklin wanted to __18_ all the silent letters from words;he also wanted to change the spelling of many words.Had Franklin written the dictionary __19_ Webster,he would spell give[giv],and wrong[rong].Franklin really wanted to give us our own mother tongue－but we would have _20__ it tong!

1) A particular B special C ordinary D extraordinary

2) A owing B own C owning D owe

3) A grows up B has been grown up C grew up D has grown up

4) A final B end C finish D terminal

5) A independence B dependence C independent D dependent

6) A doing away with B doing with C do away with D do with

7) A using B by C under D with

8) A a generation B generation C many years D generations

9) A for B by C with D as

10) A compiled B has compiled C was compiling D compiles

11) A popularity B population C popular D pollution

12) A opportunities B chances C opportunity D chance

13) A look up B look after C look for D look to

14) A write B learn C have pronounced D pronounce

15) A sentences B words C ways D means

16) A that B them C which D the

17) A as far as B as quick as C as long as D as good as

18) A do away with B keep C get rid of D drop

19) A instead of B instead C in the stead of D replace

20) A been spelling B read C spelled D been reading adcba cdbaa

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EXERCISE 12

English belongs,in a rather complicated way,to the Indo-European family __1_ includes most of the European languages and a few Asiatic ones. We don't know __2_ the orginal speakers of the parent Indo-European language lived.Guessed about their homeland __3_ all the way from northwestern Europe __4_ central Asia.According to all the early _5__ ,they were a tall,blond,and warlike people,with a good __6_ of energy and intelligence.In their native land they had developed _7__ writing nor cities,so there is not much __8_ about how they lived when they were at home.But when they __9_ home and went out in __10_ of new lands,the Indo-European seem to have been generally successful in _11__ the countries they came to.

When a wave of them _12__ a territory already crowded,they _13__ the original population._14__ they lost their distinctive appearance by intermarrying with the earlier inhabitants,and sometimes they also _15__ most of the features of their language.When a _16__ went to a more thinly-settled territory,they naturally _17__ their physical characteristics comparatively unchanged for a much longer time;and they were likely to preserve the _18__ features of their language also,though the two things did not always go together.

The Slavic and Celltic languages,__19_ Indian,Persian ,and some others,are of Indo-Euro-pean origin,but the three branchs with _20__ English is most concerned are the Greek,Latin,and Germanic,particularly the last.

1) A which B whose C that D whom

2) A that B which C where D whose

3) A is ranging B range C have ranged D have been ranged

4) A into B towards C from D to

5) A records B recording C tapes D notes

6) A number B great C amount D deal

7) A either B neither C other D both

8) A evidence B points C understanding D knowing

9) A leave B would leave C left D were leaving

10) A search B wanting C looking D demanding

11) A conquer B conquering C defeat D defeating

12) A settled in B settled C settled down D settled to

13) A mix with B mixed together C mixed with D mix together

14) A on time B from time C by time D in time

15) A give in B gave in C gave up D give up

16) A branch B wave C group D kind

17) A preserve B reserve C preserved D reserved

18) A special B particular C distinguished D distinctive

19) A as well as B as good as C as well D as good

20) A them B which C the three branches D that

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EXERCISE 13

Although many governments try to convince their respective subjects that atomic energy is an acceptable alternative _1__ the burning of fossil fuels,no government has taken the least trouble to explain the dangers.Maybe they are __2_ them.__3_ the reason,the public must learn by experience,even though this _4__ may be catastrophic.

While it is true that nuclear reactors do not produce visible smoke,it is certainly not __5_ that they do not pollute.And the pollution they produce is much more insidious precisely because it is __6_.

__7_ inconvenient it may be for governments to publish all the facts,they have no moral excuse for not doing so,__8_ they think they are acting in our best interest.At least some of the facts are known,even though they are not widely reported.

Nuclear reactors produce radioactive water and gases in vast _9__.What __10_ all this waste?It is __11_ concrete tanks and stored on tank farms.It is __12_ in disused salt mines.It is run into fractured rock.It is buried.It is __13_ about in special trains.But even when dumped,it has to be kept __14_ by sprinklers to stop it from boiling.And the contents of the tanks are,of course,extremely corrosive.The efforts of a fracture in the tank or a failure of the cooling system would be _15__.

While every effort is made to _16__ that radioactive wastes do not excape into the sea or _17__ supplies of drinking water,such a leakage would be too horrible __18_ contemplate.But even then ,governments would presumably continue to belittle the hazards.

It seems that __19_ governments can get away with not telling the truth,they will continue to keep silent.Nevertheless the people _20__ to know the full facts.Do you know what happens to the radioactive waste in your country?No?Well—find out!

1) A for B with C to D instead of

2) A unaware of B aware of C unaware from D aware from

3) A however B whatever C whenever D wherever

4) A experiment B government C danger D experience

6) A visible B invisible C disvisible D unvisible

5) A unture B unreal C true D distrue

7) A however B whatever C whenever D wherever

8) A even B if even C if D even if

9) A numbers B quality C quantities D degree

10) A happens to B happen to C happened to D happening to

11) A put down B put into C put up D puto onto

12) A stored B storing C being stored D to be stored

13) A transporting B transport C being transported D transported

14) A hot B cooled C cool D to cool

15) A disaster B danger C a disaster D disastrous

16) A reassure B ensure C convince D assure

17) A in front of B behind C forward D into

18) A against B that C to D too

19) A as long as B as well as C as good as D as smart as

20) A has a right B with a right C having a right D have a right cabdc badca

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EXERCISE 14

I __1_ by myself in my usual compartment for at least 10 minutes,waiting __2_.The train never seemed to start on time and I often thought that I could have __3_ in bed a little longer,or had another cup of tea before _4__. Suddenly I heard someone __5_ on the platform outside.A young girl _6__ towards the train.The man on duty put out his hand __7_ but she ran past him and opened the door of my compartment.Then the whistle blew and the train started.

"I nearly missed it,__8_?"the girl said."How long does it take to _9__ London?"

"It depends on the engine driver."I said ,"Some day it's much slower than others."

"I'll have to __10_ so as not to be late again tomorrow,"she said."_11__ my first day at work with a new firm today and they told me that the man _12__ is very strict.I __13_ him yet so I don't know __14_ but he sounds a bit frightening."

She talked about the new job on the way to London and before long,I realized that she _15__ for my firm.I _16__ in the firm for nearly 20 years.Our boss was really a very strict man.My own secretary _17__ so I must be her new boss._18__ fair to her.

"Oh,dear,"she said."What a terrible mistake!I wish I _19__."

"Never mind,"I said."at least you'll know when you train's late_20__."

1) A have been sitting B had been sitting

C sit

D am sitting

2) A for the train to start B the train starting

C the train start

D for the train starting

3) A lain B laid C lied D lay

4) A I have left the home B I leave from home

C leaving home

D to leave home

5) A shouting B shouted C was shouting D be shouting

6) A running B runs C is running D was running

7) A stop her B stops her C and stopped her D to stop her

8) A haven't I B wasn't I C don't I D didn't I

9) A get to B reach to C arrive to D make to

10) A mend me the watch B mend me my watch

C have my watch mended

D have mended my watch

11) A there was B there is C it is D it was

12) A I am going to work for B what I am going to work for

C for which I am going to work

D which I am going to work for

13) A did not meet B haven't met C didn't know D haven't known

14) A what he is like B what is he like

C how he is

D how is he

15) A had been working B will go to work

C is going to work

D was going to working

16) A had been working B have been working

C worked

D have worked

17) A was left B leaves C had left D have left

18) A there was B that was C it was D was

19) A know B knew C have known D had known

20) A so will the time be B the mine will be,too

C so will mine

D mine will be,too

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EXERCISE 15

Glass is everywhere in our lives.It is so common __1_ we hardly think about it.We _2__ it when we look out of the window and if we wear glasses.We drink from it and sometimes eat from it.The light in our homes comes through glass windows in the daytime and from glass lights _3__.Glass __4_ in homes,schools,businesss,industry,and automobiles.

Fortunately for us,glass is __5_ very inexpensive materials.The main material is sand from quatz rock.The mixture is heated until it becomes a syrupy _6__. When the liquid cools,it becomes glass.

No one knows __7_ first discovered glass or how.Early humans used obsidian,a natural glass __8_ by volcanoes,to make tools and jewelry.People probably began making glass themselves around 3000 B.C. in Syria.Then in a war __9_ Egypt and Syria in 1400 B.C,Syria became part of Egypt.The Egyptians took Syrian glassmakers __10_ to Egypt,and over the centuries the entire eastern Mediterranean area became a glassmaking center.

Probably around 300 B.C. the blowpipe __11_. Egyptian glassmakers developed the use of the blowpipe.They specialized _12__ beautiful jewelry,dishes,and other containers.

The Romans soon started making their own glass.Then they _13__ that glass could be used to make windows.__14_ centuries later,Europeans made magnificent church windows __15_ colored glass.

__16_ 1900 companies have developed many new types of glass.Safety glass is a sandwich of glass and plastic.If it breaks,the pieces stay together _17__ flying in all directions.This invention is very useful _18__ automobile windows.

Today most glass is made __19_ machines in large factories.No one _20__ it. People use television and computers to control the machines.

1) A that B which C where D as

2) A look for B look in C look after D look through

3) A in night B at night C for night D with noght

4) A was used B used C is used D are used

5) A made from B made of C make from D make of

6) A solid B the solid C the liquid D liquid

7) A whom B whoever C who D whose

8) A was from B formed C was formed D was forming

9) A between B among C beneath D both

10) A from B go C back D come

11) A was discovered B was invented C discovered D invented

12) A in B on C for D from

13) A knew B recognized C told D realized

14) A few B little C a few D a little

15) A from B to C into D on

16) A because B as C for D since

17) A instead B take place of C instead of D replace

18) A on B onto C into D in

19) A into B for C by D from

20) A smells B touches C sees D feels

EXERCISE 16

From the very beginning,water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel.The first civilizations arose __1_ water was dominant element in the environment,a challenge__2_ man's ingenuity.The Egyptians invented the 365-day calendar __3_ the Nile's annual flooding.The Babylonians,_4__ were among the most famous law-makers in ancient times,invented laws_5__ water usage.Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1000__6_ canal,a complex system __7_,after 2500 years,remains partically __8_ and still commands the astonishment of engineers.But _9__ never found complete solutions_10__ their water problem .The Yellow River is also known _11__ "China's sorrow".It is so unpredictable and dangerous __12_ in a single flood it has caused a million _13__.Floods slowed the great _14__ of the Indus River Valleys,and innumerable damage ruined _15__ of its land.Today,water dominates man _16__ it always has done.Its presence continues to __17_ the location of his homes and cities;its violent variability can _18__ man or his herds or his crops;its routes links him __19_ his fellows;its immense value may __20_ to already dangerous political conflicts.There are many examples of this in our own time.

1) A where B the place C when D in the place

2) A with B as C to D on

3) A in regard to B in response to C in case D in spite of

4) A they B / C that D who

5) A regulates B regulate C regulated D regulating

6) A miles B mile C mile's D miles'

7) A who B in which C which D by which

8) A in use B for use C by use D on use

9) A ancient B the ancients C ancients D ancients people

10) A for B of C to D on

11) A for B by C to D as

12) A that B which C because D as

13) A people B deaths C damages D ruins

14) A influence B effect C society D civilization

15) A many B lot C much D a lots

16) A for B as C because D whereas

17) A effect B control C lead D influence

18) A cause B violate C kill D damage

19) A by B on C at D to

20) A increase B add C solve D intensify

EXERCISE 17

According to government statistics,men of all social calsses in Britain visit pubs quite often,_1__ the kind of pub they go to may be different and their reasons for going there __2_,too.At present,they often take their wives or girlfriends,which _3__ to be the case.

The fact is that the Typical English pub is changing,not only __4_ the licensing laws not being so strict as they __5_,but also because publicans are trying to _6__ away with the old Victorian _7__ of the pub and _8__ provide couples with an atmosphere where they can both feel happy.Pubs used not to open __9_ at certain time.The result was that they were usually _10__ with men who seemed to be drinking as much as possible in the time_11__.But the kind of pub is quickly becoming a thing of the past.

Curiously enough,the old British licensing laws,which foreigners found so objectionable and absurd ,were_12___introduced as a_13___measure to stop workers drinking in the World War I.__14___,the strong puritanical _15__in Parliament took_16__of the law and_17__it.

Opening hours are _18__ limited to eight hours a day,but publicans can now choose which hours _19__ them best.And nowadays you can even get a cup of coffee if you prefer __20_ beer.But in spite of this the Puritans would never dream of admitting that a pub could become a repeatable place.

1) A and B though C when D as

2) A disagree B diverge C vary D deviate

3) A used not B not used C used D is used

4) A because B because of C as D in that

5) A were B are C used D had been

6) A take B do C keep D go

7) A sight B image C appearance D perception

8) A then B instead C further D still

9) A except B except for C only D only for

10) A covered B crowed C full D plenty

11) A available B proper C probable D accessible

12) A ordinarily B generally C originally D formely

13) A perpetual B temporary C uniform D temperate

14) A Nevertheless B However C Afterward D Furthermore

15) A factor B element C component D atom

16) A advantage B profit C use D charge

17) A retained B contained C maintained D protected

18) A even B just C but D still

19) A suit B match C meet D agree

20) A against B for C with D to

EXERCISE 18

Each company has many "public" who would be able not only to recognize its name __1_ to correctly identify its industry and its _2__.These publics include present customers and stockholders as well as banks,insurance companies,stockbrokers,and securities __3_ who supply the company with essential services and capital.

The _4__ names of many well-established companies can be one of misinformation,thereby _5__ communication with them. This was the problem that faced Michigan Seamless Tube Company---a company with sales of 128 million a year. At first__6_,the company's name tell us that it is located in Michigan _7__ that it manifactures seamless tubing.What the name does not __8_ to most people is the fact Michigan Seamless tube also has operations in five __9_ states and has a varied production line of forgings,broaching machines,tools,ans steel bars in addition to seamless tubing.The problem was __10_ by the company's _11__ ,which operated _12__ their own names and were not clearly identified with the _13__ company.

Customers,suppliers,and the financial community did not see Michigan Aeamless Tube as a _14__ based metal producer.They perceived it only as a small,_15__,regional manufacturing company.The company's __16_ decided to adopt a new corporate identity.

The _17__ point for this change was the company name. The new name had to be one that could encompass all of the company's products and subsidiaries, a name that would correctly project the image of a _18__ corporation.After considering many different possibilities,management decided on a __19_ word:Quanex--- a name _20__ from a combination of the first three letters of the word "quality" and the first three letters of the Latin word "nex",which means connection.

1) A and B but C however D either

2) A production B product C producing D by-product

3) A analytical B analyst C analysis D analysts

4) A business B co-operation C incorporation D corporate

5) A limiting B limits C limit D limited

6) A glance B view C watch D consideration

7) A and B but C so D however

8) A pass B transfer C convey D transmit

9) A else B others C other D rest

10) A decreased B increasingly C increased D compounded

11) A headquarters B plants C agents D subsidiaries

12) A in B under C with D have

13) A parent B mother C head office D original

14) A broadly B sizebly C competitively D largely

15) A specialized B special C specialty D specialization

16) A managements B managerial C managers D management

17) A first B start C begin D starting

18) A diversification B dicersifying C diversify D diversified

19) A created Bcoined C made D imagined

20) A resulted B compounded C derived D changed

EXERCISE 19

During the 1980s,unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 percent.Some countries did not _1__ enough food;basic needs in housing and clothing were not _2__.Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed countries _3__ solutions.

__4_,problems cannot always be solved by copying the Industrialized countries.Industry in the developed countries is highly automated and very __5_.It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes,and highly __6_ workers are needed to _7__ and repair the equipment.These workers must be trained _8__ many countries do not have the necessary training institutions.Thus,the __9_ of importing industry become higher.Students must be sent abroad to _10__ vocational and professional training.__11_,just to begin training,the students must _12__ learn English,French,German,or Japanese.The students then spend many years abroad,and _13__ do not return home.

All countries agree that science and technology _14__ be shared.The point is:countries __15_ the industrial precesses of the developed countries need to look carefully _16__ the costs,because many of these costs are _17__. Students from these countries should __18_ the problem of the developed countries closely.__19_ care,they will take home not the problem of science and technology,_20__ the benefits.

1) A generate B raise C produce D manufacture

2) A answered B met C calculated D remembered

3) A for B without C as D about

4) A moreover B therefore C anyway D however

5) A expensive B mechanical C flourishing D complicated

6) A gifted B skilled C trained D versatile

7) A keep B maintain C retain D protect

8) A since B so C and D yet

9) A charge B price C cost D value

10) A accept B gain C receive D absorb

11) A frequently B incidentally C deliberately D eventually

12) A soon B quickly C immediately D first

13) A some B others C several D few

14) A might B should C would D will

15) A adopting B conducting C receiving D adjusting

16) A to B at C on D about

17) A opaque B secret C sealed D hidden

18) A tackle B learn C study D manipulate

19) A in B through C with D under

20) A except B nor C or D but

EXERCISE 20

Predictions of many robots in industry have yet come true.For ten years or more,manufacturers of big robots have explained how their machines can make industry more competitive and productive.The maker for _1__ robots is oversupplied now,and the driving force of the robotics revolution is _2__ to be with maker of machines that handle a few kilos at most.

"Heavy-robot manufacturers are in some difficulty __3_ finding customers.They are offering big __4_ just to get in the door.There has been a _5__ growth everywhere in the numbers of robots,so we admit we are either deceiving __6_ or that the market is slowly growing."said John Reekie,chairman of Colen Robotics."The following things must happen__7_ the robotics revolution to occur.We must achieve widespread robot literacy._8__ there has been a computer __9_ program,there must be a robot literacy program.__10_,some kind of artificial intelligence needs to be _11__.

Colen makes educational robots and machine tools.It is small _12__ with companies like ASEA or Fujitsu Fanuc. But Colen with others in departments in universities such as Surrey,Manchester,and Durham posses an advantage _13__ the giants.The big companies sell very expensive _14__ to businesses with expert knowledge in automation.The _15__ companies make robots for teaching people,and now they have realized that there is a need for small,__16_ robots that they can meet.

The little companies either bring their educational machines _17__ an industrial standard or design from the start.One technique that they all adopt is to choose __18_ components where possible.The major cost of making __19_ their models is the electronics,which will fall in price.There is _20__ scope for reductions in mechanical costs.The use of standard parts,which are easily replaced,should give these robots a mechanical life of something in the order of five years.

1) A small B educational C big D business

2) A claimed B called C thought D told

3) A to B with C over D in

4) A money B discounts C prices D costs

5) A exciting B encouraging C satisfying D disapointing

6) A ourselves B customers C companies D us

7) A to B for C in D with

8) A as if B even though C just as D although

9) A custom B literacy C poem D tradition

10) A however B finally C whereas D because

11) A capable B possible C probable D available

12) A compared B comparing C contrasted D contrasting

13) A than B above C over D from

14) A tools B robots C machines D electronics

15) A other B big C little D robot

16) A expensive B artificial C educational D low-cost

17) A up to B on C in D about

18) A mechanical B standard C cheap D small

19) A much B many C both D some

20) A more B less C no D least