(英语)高三英语作文句型写作指导

高三英语作文句型写作指导

(1)句子多样性

各种句型：

1．松散句（即主句在前）

Misunderstanding is likely to exist in students' daily life, which will lead to argument and conflicts. （+定语从句）

Students who are selfish, indifferent and not out-going tend to stay alone, resulting in a lack of communication with classmates and gaining a poor friendship. （+非谓语）

We need to be open-minded and warm-hearted first, if we want to be popular with others. （+状语从句）

Every day I have to work my way through piles of homework, tired and stressed out.（+形容词

作状语）

Every day I will run and play with my friends happily, in order to release our stress.（+状语）

2．圆周句（即主句在后）

During the daily life, we learn to accept and tolerate others despite heavy stress from study.（介词词组+）

Due to the exam-oriented education, teachers and parents tend to ignore children's problems of getting on with others, which results in poorer relationship.（介词词组+定语从句）

Although conflicts are unavoidable, we persuaded ourselves to keep calm, which is quite useful to solve problems．（状语从句+）

Immature and self-centred, many of them fail to stand in others' shoes and understand their feelings．（形容词作状语+）

Having finished my trip, I will return to China and find a part-time job to earn enough money for my college life．（非谓语+）

3．there be 句型

There are various reasons why middle school students fail to get along well with each other.

4．祈使句Keep in mind that we should be active and positive to show ourselves.

5．倒装句Seldom do they have time to play or talk together since every student spends most of their time in studying.

6．强调句It is the lack of communication skills that makes matters worse.

7．平行结构

When I am in trouble, my friends will immediately come to me comfort me and help me pull through.

By finishing our homework, we can practice the concepts taught in class. build good study habits and reflect on our own learning, thus developing our learning skills and academic grades.

8．It 作形式主语的句型

It is essential for us to put ourselves into others' shoes, which helps improve the relationship and leave a better impression on others.

9．省略句When faced with difficulties in study or daily life, I can turn to them for help and comfort.

其他手段还有：

1．恰当变换句子的主语

如佛二模基础写作中：

My last destination is Brazil,at which I plan to watch 8 football matches of the World Cup and get to know more about the local culture,（用物作主语，而不是总是用人做主语）

又如：Besides, the lack of communication skills and enough social experience often causes them a lot of trouble when they deal with the conflicts with others.

2．适当使用被动语态

招聘广告，通知类文章里经常使用到被动语态。（可参考二轮书P137 兼职小记者那篇，P133 世界环境日那篇）如：

Extraordinary reporters with excellent performances will be awarded an“Outstanding Young Reporer” certificate.

The results will be announced online before June 31st.

P149 1968：第一次允许妇女参加奥运射击比赛

Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting in 1968.

P133 评奖一等奖3名，二等奖6名，三等奖12名

Lots of prizes will be delivered for the contest, including three first prizes, six second and twelve third ones. /Three first prizes, six second and twelve third ones will be awarded to those excellent students.

举例:

The reasons why middle school students have a poor relationship are as follows. It is mainly determined by their characters. Some are selfish and mean. These people have never shared good things with others. Others are demanding. They get annoyed easily because they can not bear such a little mistake.

Revised（修改）：... It is mainly determined by their characters. Some are selfish and mean. They

are never willing to share good thing with others, so they are less likely to gain popularity among others. Others are demanding. Because they can not bear even a slight mistake, they tend to get annoyed easily and lose temper.

Or: ...It is mainly determined by their characters. Unwilling to share good things with others, those selfish and mean students are less likely to gain popularity among others. Meanwhile, for those demanding and critical ones, they tend to get annoyed easily and lose temper, because they can not bear even a slight mistake.

句型/结构雷同：

1．I think there are two reasons causing bad relationship of middle school students. Firstly, the students concentrate so much on study that they ignore others' feelings, just doing what is good to academic performance. Secondly, nowadays students lack an awareness of empathy, which leads to selfishness.

Revised: I think there are two reasons causing bad relationship of middle school students. Firstly, the students concentrate so much on study that they ignore others' feelings, just doing what is good to academic performance. Secondly, without an awareness of empathy, they tend to be selfish and thus they are not welcome among others.

2．With overprotection from parents, students are always self-centred and they always do what to do without permission, ignoring other students' feelings. Besides, without enough social experience, they are always lacking in ability of communication.

Revised:Besides, the lack of communication skills and enough social experience often causes them a lot of trouble when they deal with the conflicts with others.

参考：

Besides, they are not mature and skilful enough to cope with tiny misunderstanding, which may grow into major conflict and exchange of bitter words.陈立之

Besides, the lack of maturity and skills to tackle problems also contribute to the poor relationship. Not mature enough to deal with conflicts, they tend to quarrel over trifles or even fight against each other.严天月

3．Some students who don't take their responsibility on their duty easily annoy their classmates. Additionally, the ones who always tell lies are not welcomed by others.

Revised: Some students will easily annoy their classmates when they don't take their responsibility on their duty. Additionally, the ones who always tell lies are not welcomed by others.（个人看法：我会选择改动第一句，而保留第二句，因为第一句有点头重脚轻。）

好的例子请参考12周周一测作文分析里面的范例。

小结：

1．要做到句子多样性，要多种句型合理使用，切忌走极端，不是要求你整一篇文章所有句型都用一遍，而是以每一段为单位，合理组合，稍微能做到多样化即可。其中以前两种句型

最为常用，就是主句在前或者主句在后那两种，但是可以变换拓展的部分。还可以适当变换句子的主语。

2．句型的挑选还是要服从句子逻辑，而且要放在合适的地方，再对其他句型进行调整。如下：

佛山二模基础写作中，有这样的句型：

On June 9th, I will fly from Guangzhou to Paris, where I will visit my uncle and listen to his experience in France. ...Then, I will pay a visit to some places of interest in Paris, after which I will do some sightseeing in two cities in the south of France. My last destination is Brazil, at which I plan to watch 8 football matches of the World Cup and get to know more about the local culture.

这三句话句型相当雷同，那么在草稿时就要调整好，在适当的地方保留合适的句型，其他句改成别的：如

On June 9th, I will fly from Guangzhou to Paris to visit my uncle, listening to his experience in France. ...Then, I will pay a visit to some places of interest in Paris and do some sightseeing in two cities in the south of France. /After paying a visit to some places of interest in Paris, I will do some sightseeing in two cities in the south of France. My last destination is Brazil, where I plan to watch 8 football matches of the World Cup and get to know more about the local culture.（第三

句可以换物作主语，个人觉得在这里保留where比较合适）

3．比起记叙文（写经历那种），句型多样性在议论文中的使用会显得更明显更容易操作一些。试分析高考这两篇文章除了书写因素以外，为什么第一篇在词汇亮点并不多的情况下，读起来的感觉比第二篇要好，更流畅，更舒服。

点评：句型多变，交错使用，内容的连贯性很好，不造作。

Revised: The memory of how she helped me still sticks in my mind. I used to be lazy when solving maths problems and thus do badly in maths due to the Lack of patience. She straightly pointed out my mistakes and persuaded me to spend more time in this subject. Besides, she even spent her weekend time in teaching me, urging me to do a lot of exercises and correcting my mistakes. Every time I made little progress, a huge smile spread through her face, which fills my heart with indescribable satisfaction and inspires me to place more emphasis on maths. Thanks to her support and devotion, my maths became second to none in my class.

以上所有修改仅作参考，不一定是最好的。

(2)避免重复

一、替代：替代是英语中最常用的有效避免重复的方法与手段，主要包括以下几个方面：一）同义词和同义句型的使用：

英语中存在着大量的同义词和表达同类内容的不同句型，这就为有效避免重复提供了物质条件：使避免重复成为可能。比如表达意见和看法的词有think，consider，find，feel等等：句型有think that...，think consider it+adj /n (to do/ that...)等等。这类表达方式在各种教材中都有大量的经典范例。现以人教版高三英语为例加以说明：

1．1)There are many different varieties of bee.

2)Among the different kinds of bee，it is the honey-bee that has interested scientists most.... 2．1)Things were clear now. It was evident that the circle dance told the bees about the location of

the feeding place. It was also apparent that the wagging dance sent another message about the

feeding place.

2)So another astonishing fact came to light.

以上两组例句选自于人教版高三英语第三册第十四单元“The Language of the Honey-bees”，不难看出其中的黑体字部分就是通过同义词的使用而有效的避免了不必要的重复。

3．People react to advertisements in different ways. Some people find ads useful and entertaining; others think that they are annoying. Defenders of ads say that ads help us make informed choices as consumers by introducing good quality products. On the other hand, critics sometimes accuse companies of using ads to mislead us by making us believe that a certain product is better than it really is or that we will be happier if we buy it.

仔细阅读人教版第五单元“Advertising”中的这段文字，我们可以发现作者在表达不同的意见和看法时，除了使用近义词如find, think, say, accuse的手段避免了重复外，句型结构的变化也是很值得研究和借鉴的，如find ads useful, think that, accuse companies of...最近写过的作文也有类似的例子，如二轮书P154 模仿：imitate/copy

二）代词替代：即用代词替代上文或下文中出现的名词、词组或句子：

1．Translation from English to Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French.（英译汉不如英译法容易）（用that替代前文中的translation）。

2．We still have many failings. We are not afraid to admit them and are determined to get rid of them. （我们的毛病还很多。我们不怕说出自己的毛病，我们一定要改正自己的毛病。）（用them替代failings）

3．Ours is still a very poor country.（我们的国家现在还是一个很穷的国家。）（用ours替代后文中的country。）

上述情况英汉两种语言存在着较大差异，重复是汉语常用的手段，而英语中则常用代词替代。学生写作时往往容易受汉语的干扰而犯简单机械性重复的错误。

三）上下义：主要指表示“种”与“类”的名词之间的替代关系。如：

The cattle became tired and weak. The animals dragged their legs, too weak to pull their burden, and their tongues hung out in desperate need of water. Yet, our water supply was so low that we dared not share with the beasts.

上述例句中，animals（动物）是“种”概念，beast（兽，尤指四足兽）是“类”概念，是animal的一种；而cattle（牛）也是“类”概念，是beast中的一类。

又如：在介绍爱因斯坦时，前文用了很多Einstein和he，him之类的词，还可以用这样的词，诸如他的身份，或者评价的词：On April 18th，1955，the great scientist passed away.二轮书P152电子词典一词出现很多次，可以利用它的上义词，如“工具”：

The proper use of this useful gadget/tool will make students' English learning much easier.

P156 评价老师那篇做法可以用this practice/ this behavior等

四）词性变换：如果找不到合适的同义词，可以考虑同根词，比如说动词，名词，形容词等。

如P154 小孩模仿暴力镜头，造成伤害。

Without proper guidance, children's imitation will do great harm to themselves and others.

二：省略：省略是英语中的又一种常见的有效避免重复的重要手段，其种类繁多，用法灵活，概括起来主要包括以下几个类型：

一）句法省略：英语中的由when、while、whenever、till、until、once等引导的时间状语从句、if、unless等引导的条件状语从句、although、though、no matter wh及wh+ever等引导的让步状语从句中都有大量的省略句。只要主从复合句中主语是一致的或从句为it is necessary, it is possible,且从句中的谓语部分含有be动词，我们就能将从句中的主语和谓语部分的be动词予以省略。如：

1．When (be was) at college, he often went to the library.

2．While (you are) crossing the street，look out for cars.

3．You can turn to him for help when(it is) necessary.

二）上下文省略：这是英语口语和书面语中都非常普遍而又极其重要的省略原则，根据上下文，在惹义清楚不至于产生歧义或误解的前提下，我们通常将下文中重复的部分予于省略。如：

1．It is hotter in Nanjing than in Shanghai.（从句中主系表全部省略，只保留地点状语。）

英语中的比较状语从句中经常使用省略结构。

2．Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.（省略了后两句中的are。）

最近作文中出现的类似例子：第八周周一测作文中：

身高：男，1.62米以上；女，1.60米以上

Besides, males should be over 162 cm tall and females over 160 cm.

P133评奖一等奖3名，二等奖6名，三等奖12名

Lots of prizes will be delivered for the contest, including three first prizes, six second and twelve third ones. /Three first prizes, six second and twelve third ones will be awarded to those excellent students. （six second这里省略了一个prizes）