研究生英语课后习题答案精简版

Unit One

B

1. sensitive

2. list

3. prevalent

4. deficiency

5. withheld

6. certainty

7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy

10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious

13. purified 14. highlights 15. novelty

E

1. language

2. associates

3. in-laws

4. total

5. responds

6. swell

7. Hardly

8. lives

9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so

13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed

17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. tradition

汉译英

1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important

factors in language learning.

2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films

in the original to them.

3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will c ome up with

it by putting up more discount notices.

4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will

gradually be~ by the public.

5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management

deficiency.

6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.

7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to

learn a new language every twenty years.

8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would help

me.

9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory.

10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the

sake of their culture.

Unit Two

A

1. C

2. D

3. B

4. A

5. C

6. C

7. D

8. D

9. D 10. B

英译汉

那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。他们会对任何事情说谎。他们似乎无法控制说谎的；中动。对这些人的研究表明，他们中很多人小时候受过虐待或者来自有酗酒或有精神病家属史的家庭；也有不少人在他们生长的家庭里，真话得不到尊重，没有人说真话。他们似乎比常人更加强烈地需要得到别人的爱不口别人的尊重。但事实上，他们中并非每个人都无法控制自己说谎的欲望。没人能说清为什么有些人能克制说谎而有些入却无法克制说谎。病态的说谎者往往没有亲近的或长期维持的私人关系。他们非常谨慎，通常不介绍自己的熟人相互认识以免他们将听到的东西进行比较。

汉译英

1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it

should be avoided.

2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York.

3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from

individual to individual and culture to culture.

4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t~-~re faults of their children.

5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out.

6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he li kes and those he dislikes.

7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my intention to hurt her.

8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.

9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy t o step

aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits.

10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.

Unit Three

A

1.B

2. C

3.A

4. D

5. B

6. D

7. A

8.A

9.D 10. A

汉译英

1. Unlike the young people today, we had to take on family responsibilities and help our parents

with housework when we were teenagers.

2. Generation X'ers take work seriously, but they disdain the workaholic, slave~to~the-job

mentality of their parents and bosses.

3. Many young kids today can work with a variety of software programs on their own and

comprehend them quickly.

4. They were referred to as the Lost Generation because they were disillusioned and did not know

what to do with their new liberties.

5. The young people of diverse cultural backgrounds all have in common a love for the same

clothing styles, music and entertainment.

6. Generation X has a strong propensity for fun and enjoyment, and it is a priority for them to

have a good time whether they are at work, school or home.

7. Most people in China look upon their job as a career and have loyalty and commitment to the

workplace.

8. Young people desire to upgrade their situation and they are always jumping ship at the hint of a

better position.

9. Being spoiled by their guilt-ridden, seldom-home parents, X'ers are not ready to take over in

politics, education and business.

10. Young entrepreneurs are encouraged to team up with their colleagues to do the research and

create new products at unparalleled rates.

Reading Practice

1. How to manage X'ers.

2. Create conflicts.

3. Because this conflicts with their independence and'embarrasses them.

4. Because they want very much to be stimulated.

5. We should make work enjoyable.

Unit Four

B

1. corporate

2. devious 3, origins 4. estate

5. greed

6. committing

7. flattering

8. shrewd

9. Electronic 10. violated

E

1. doing

2. no

3. seldom

4. long

5. others

6. something

7. up

8. into

9. realizing 10. behind

11. all 12. chief 13.~vhat 14. never 15. merely

16. sets 17. Nothing 18. discourage 19. ruin 20. emotional

英译汉

卡尔文·特里林在其描述美国暴发户生活的当代故事“成功”中，讽刺了“美国梦”的观念。出色的讽刺故事的要点之一是：在故事中运用几乎可信的夸大手法。在某个事实被歪曲得几乎成真时，你相信它可能是真的——但是你其实仍在怀疑——这就是好的讽刺故事所要取得的最佳效果。讽8g的另一要点是反语。反语指的是词汇的字面意义与其实际意义完全相反。反语往往有趣，但带有悲伤的意味。课文中妻子的最后几句话完全是反语。

汉译英

1. A young man of humble origins dreamed of becoming a millionaire, but he was thoroughly disillusioned because he tried to seek his fortune by means of a law-violating electronics acquisition.

2. She managed what amounted to a smile of satisfaction.

3. He ended up designing a software program to solve this problem which had been unsolved for years.

4. He went to the station in the company of his classmates to pick up his sick mother.

5. After graduation from university, he was granted a govemment scholarship to further his study, which was far beyond his dream.

6. He was an excellent teacher who always stuck by his students whenever th ey had difficulties.

7. He is nobody here in the city, but I suppose he is a somebody in his own village.

8. She said that it was her father, not herself, who was a millionaire, and that she would like to earn her own living.

9. Therefore I think we must, so to speak adopt more extreme measures to curb inflation.

10. After his company failed because of poor management, he decided to try his luck in

insurance.

Unit Five

B

I.B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5.A

6. A

7. D

8. C

9. C 10. B

A

I. spouse 2. counterpart 3. touchy 4. counseled

5. subtle

6. therapist

7. prospective

8. adorable

9. opening 10. gallivant

汉译英

1. Mr. Black felt somewhat upset when his wife pulled down $1000 a w eek

2. With the increasing number of high-paid women, more and more men will be comfortable with

their spouses' success.

3. It is atough problem for ca~erwomen howto make up forthe responsibility to the family that

they are supposed to take.

4. In order to comfort the patient, the doctor thought it wise to play down the serious nature of

his illness.

5. It may be hard for a person to adapt to a shift in economic power if his or her self-esteem is

derived mostly from a career or income.

6. A survey shows that some problems between husband and wife are con- nected with

traditional ideas.

7. Owing to the traditional idea, some husbands still try hard to hold their wives back from

working outside their houses.

8. We should make everybody realize that it is stupid to retaliate by drinking more or having an

affair when a person has some problems in life.

9. Wang was offered a good job in the head office of Hong Kong, but she passed it up because she

had a two-year old infant.

10. A famous movie star kept up appearances in public with her husband for eleven years but

recently she has announced a divorce.

Unit Six

A

1.B

2. D

3. A

4. D

5. C

6. A

7. A

8. B

9.B 10. D

B

1. dignity

2. heritage

3. insight

4. ingredients

5. makes a difference

6. excellence

7. differentiates

8. been ashamed of 9. believe in 10. incorporate

D

1. motivate

2. cross

3. accepted

4. convinced

5. variety

6. exposed

7. especially

8. explain

9. difference 10. arrogant 11. reasons 12. trouble

13. aware. 14. hide 15. attempt 16. neglected

17.Worse 18. assignments 19. multinational 20. right

汉译英

1. Having worked in this company for a certain period of time, most employees came to agreement on its basic beliefs.

2. Each company should keep its peculiarities which will differentiate one from another rather than strip them away.

3. More and more entrepreneur~ believe in managing for profit and the common good and contributing to the well-being of the communities in which their companies are located.

4. Being one of the nation's key universities, it is instrumental in developing the community's culture.

5. Respecting customers and offering the best services have made us more and more competitive with large discount chains.

6. He has devoted himself to his work for the community and is passionate about what he is doing.

7. Some people believe that it does not make any sense to transplant foreign production and managerial techniques into Chinese companies.

8. In spite of the fact that we have made a great success in the development of technology, we are ashar0ed of the damage we have done to our environment.

9. There is no doubt that the introduction of foreign investment has made a difference to

the local economic development.

10. The new scheme is open to discussion and new constructive suggestions can be

incorporated.

Unit Seven

A

1--e 2--h 3--i 4--b 5--a

6--d 7--j 8--c 9--f 10—g

1. instantaneously

2. sheer

3. fling off

4. obscure

5. hypotheses

6. screwed up

7. stipulate

8. blundering

9, credulous 10. nonetheless

B

1. tamper

2. infallible

3. After all

4. choked

5. embedded

6. by the book

7. endowments

8. fallible

9. conned 10. wincing

D

1. thinks

2. informed

3.with

4. challenging

5. off

6. overly

7. absorb

8. without

9. before 10. decided 11. inefficient 12. beg

13. people 14. processing 15. can 16. that

17. Indeed 18. value 19. easy 20. random

英译汉

目前，一种被英国警察广泛使用的电脑破案方法称为“模拟影像”。由目击者描述疑犯，然后像拼图版似的用五种不同部位的特征把照片拼出。这五个部位是：发型，眼睛，鼻子，嘴巴和下巴。这种方法对寻找罪犯很有帮助，但二十件案子仅能破一件。事实上，通常几近半数的“模拟影像”是误导。造成这种情形有两个原因。第一种原因是这种模拟影像的照片与疑犯毫无相象之处。第二是相象之处太大众化而没有任何帮助。不幸的是，这种误导的想象会导致一个无辜的人被关押。

汉译英

1. Knowing many places in China were badly flooded, actors and actresses volunteered to

perform and appealed to charitable contributions from society.

2. Ifyou manage to get in touch with Mr. Smith, the problem will be solved easily because he is

an expert in this field.

3. The advisor forgave him for mixing the two chemicals together; after all he had intended to

help his advisor.

4. I want to throw away the computer I am using now for it gets stuck all the time.

5. Teachers are worried about students who seem to do everything by the book

6. He was in a bad mood for some time and therefore he felt everything around him was screwed

up.

7. We all believe that he will succeed sooner or later though he failed more than ten times.

8. Teenagers over 16 years old should be responsible for what they say and do, because they are

considered to have the faculty for doing and saying the right thing,

9. He thought everything was within his grasp but in fact, the result of the experiment turned out to be

controversial.

10. Any average good fax machine can send a message in an instant across the ocean.

Unit Eight

B

1. criminologist

2. penalty

3. mandatory

4. averted

5. irresistible

6. rash

7. sanction

8. overly

9. bias 10. overwhelming

汉译英

1. Parents of young children often become depressed, and this is especially true of single

parent.

2. Through communications satellites, we are able to be in touch with events on the other side

of the world almost as they happen.

3. That change seems certain to heat up inflation, so government officials felt that they should take

some measures to cool it off.

4. The most serious politicians are those who respond most quickly to social changes.

5. The chart shows that the level of crime in this area is almost always in direct proportion to

the number of the unemployed.

6. She acted so strangely that she had to be put away.

7. If you don't need the money at present, put it in the bank. It's always useful to have something to

fall back on.

8. The opposition has consistently accused the government of corruption. What's more, they

have named names.

9. He was guilty of an important misjudgment. Given his old age, he was only sentenced to five

years' imprisonment.

10. In the face of repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people have stopped buying

it.

Unit Nine

B

3. a. impulsion b. impulse c. impulsive

5. a. manifestation b. manifests c. manifest

6. a. contending b. contention c. contentious

7. a. multitude b. multitudinous c. multitude

8. a. initiate b. initiative c. initiated

英译汉

我认为我们谁也不会相信山姆(Sam)的缺点是低层黑人生活的准确写照。山姆只是黑人形象的一种自我定义的方式，而这种定义并不具有社会学意义上的准确性。山姆对于我们来说根本不像白人种族主义者所描述的那种黑人，也不是我们恨铁不成钢的心态的体现。它只是与我们进取心的表达形成鲜明的对比。如果恨自己也是一种动力因素的话，那么对于我们黑人来说恨的不是低层黑人，而是我们不愿成为低层的黑人。

* * * * ， * * * * * * *

再者，且不说爱和恨，一个根本的事实是：我的中产阶级的标志是摆脱一切低层黑人的生活形象，与大家都公认的中产阶级的价值观和责任感保持一致。这些价值观使我产生了清楚的信念：做一个既有个性又负责任的公民，懂得了你的生活质量会基本反映出你本人努力的程度；懂得了每个人的责任感是自由的基础，命运所带来的限制(无论命运对你是公平或不公平)不应成为坐视等待、听天由命的借口。

汉译英

1. Children can hardly live up to the expectations of their parents because their parents ask for too much.

2.What you are doing now is no more difficult than what have done before.

3. Sometimes people try to get around the question by changing the subject.

4. Before graduation some students tried to sell their used bikes or computers by means of putting a notice on the bulletin board.

5. The completion of the project calls for a joint effort of everyone in the company.

6. He has his own principles and doesn't care about what other people will say.

7. Their job is to write down the data that came out of the experiments and then to do the analysis.

8. When both parties are in a position to negotiate, a meeting should be arranged in order to conclude a deal.

9. Correction at the right time is very important; otherwise, students will be discouraged and held back in class activities.

10. With the better service provided by the community, many people can be free of housework and have more leisure time.

Unit Ten

B

1.C

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.D

6.D

7.B

8.A

9.C10.A

A

1. adjoining

2. slapped

3. alarmingly

4. burnout

5. conscientious

6. psychotherapy

7. theorized

8. depressive

9. emotional 10. misery

英译汉

对于全世界的大部分农民来说，饥饿是他们最为焦虑的事。他们不会为是否加薪而感到忧虑，不会为选择三所大学中的哪一所而感到忧虑；也不会为究竟购买福特汽车还是凯迪拉克车感到忧虑；或为他们想买的电视机的价格太贵而感到忧虑。他们饥寒交迫。在世界许多地区，农民害怕局部的战争、暴徒、政变可能危及他们的家园、危及他们缺吃少穿的生活和生命。但是可以确切地说他们并不感到焦虑。

* * * * * * * * * * * *

正如我们一直用焦虑来描绘一种典型的心态一样，焦虑与饥饿、损失、暴力以及死亡的恐惧感完全不同。焦虑是一种在即刻将发生的、导致生命危险的恐怖事件消失时所出现的正常情感。此类恐怖事件有火山爆发，冷箭袭击，背后挨刀以及其他灾难等。

汉译英

1. Only after I slapped him on the back did he see me and cry happily.

2. Depression comes in quite a number of forms, one of which is chronic hypomania.

3. Depression can be a dreadful, fatal disease and can even screw up careers and marriage, but it

can be treated.

4. The advanced teacher training course was characterized by its emphasis upon the evaluation of

teaching and learning.

5. She may have fallen into depression because there was a touch of sadness on her face.

6. In the case of a highly intelligent animal like the seal, elementary training is easy.

7. When I spent my holiday in Europe last year, my friend left his house at my disposal.

8. He specialized first in painting birds and later in writing about them.

9. Some people think that depression is more prevalent among poorer or less educated people;

in fact, it often hits the most ambitious extra hard.

10. Hypomanics may go for years with extraordinary energy and a talent for synthesizi ng

seemingly disparate bits of data.

Unit Eleven

A

1. stroll

2. formidable

3. tilt

4. to the hilt

5. prestige

6. priority

7. depreciate

8. currency

9. fluctuates 10. disrupt

B

1--g 2--e 3--f 4--a 5--c

6--b 7--d 8--j 9--i 10--h

1. cocoon

2. laissez-faire

3. run amok

4. meddlesome

5. monsters

6. bureaucrats

7. prudent

8. to the hilt

9. shrine 10. destiny

汉译英

1. You will be up against it if you don't pass the test. You will probably fail in maths.

2. In order to know more about society;, students voluntarily help out in the store after school.

3. 'You should learn how to be independent. Don't leave all the housework up to your mother.

4. Tom had a party with his classmates and came back at four o'clock this morning. No wonder he

is late after such a night.

5. The mismanagement and inefficiency of systems have given birth to bureaucrats.

6. Shocked by noises, one of the big male elephants was running amok i n the village, tearing up

the trees by their roots.

7. Some people love taking part in sports games because they feel it is exciting to compete with

others.

8. What can the opposition party do to bring this government to its knees?

9. People may agree that the quickest way to go about New York is by subway.

10. The factory leader explained the factory's problem and asked the workers to take a big swing

to complete the task in time.

Unit Twelve

B

1. appreciation

2. constituted

3. sparkles

4. compartme ntalized

5. niche

6. heightened

7. binding

8. articulately

9. mutual 10.irreconcilable

C

1.B

2. A

3. D

4. B

5.A

6. C

7. C

8. B

9. D 10.B

F

1. whom

2. crossing

3. neighb or

4. mother

5. maybe

6. indeed

7. for

8. when

9. lift 10. as 11. come 12. public

13. which 14. being 15. depressed 16. blind

17. never 18. over 19. sufficient 20. mutual

汉译英

1. If you have agreed to pay your brother's school expenses, and give your sister ￡100 a year

for clothes, you have quite a lot of commitments.

2. Her affected manners were in striking contrast with Harriet's spontaneous gaiety.

3. His remarks drew heavily upon his experiences in that country.

4. His acting in the play was remarkable, taking into account his youth and inexperience.

5. He exerted himself to take up where his father had left off.

6. The President took his place on the platform, and t he military band struck up the national

anthem.

7. The friendly contacts between the two countries go back to the Tang Dynasty.

8. That kind of people stay put in one job all their lives.

9. The new responsibilities drew out his latent talents.

10. The President's public statements are obviously out of step with the majority of his party.