案例美国明尼阿波利斯城市滨水设计

In a competition sponsored by The Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board and The Minneapolis Parks Foundation, Turenscape, teamed with six other firms, developed this proposal for miles of waterfront redevelopment along the Mississippi River. The team proposed using landscape as ecological infrastructure and an integrative tool to address ecological, social, economic, and cultural challenges, and creating a 21st-century vision (to be implemented over decades) for a new landscape and urban fabric for this now neglected site.

在一个由明尼阿波利斯市公园与市民休闲委员会与公园基金会赞助的比赛中，土人景观与其他6家事务所或公司一起为明市市内，延密西西比河长约英里的滨水地区的发展做出规划与设计建议。土人团队建议通过以景观的方式作为生态基础设施策略以及将景观作为整合的媒介，来应对该地区在发展工程中所要面临的来自生态，社会，经济以及文化方面的挑战，并且能够为这个目前被城市发展所遗忘与抛弃的场地勾勒出21世纪的景观与城市发展架构的愿景。

Since Minneapolis’s founding, th e Mississippi River has been the engine of its development. The city and its riverfront have a rich industrial past, starting with lumber mills and then flour mills. Whereas the city’s lower riverfront can boast tremendous success, the upper riverfront is waiting to be rediscovered and designed. Challenges facing this zone include a diminishing industrial base and large-scale infrastructure that divides the river from surrounding communities.

自明尼阿波利斯建市之日起，密西西比河就成为了这个城市发展的引擎。城市与河流都曾拥有辉煌的过往，从最开始的木料场到后来的磨坊----面粉加工. 然而，辉煌造就的同时，也

导致了河流沿岸的不平衡发展，南段地区发展的相对较好，而北段河岸至今仍然在等待人们的关注。挑战主要来自于日渐衰败的工业区与一些把河流与社区分隔开的大型设施。

The design team identified four primary challenges:

四大挑战

?Ecological renewal: what can be done on the upper riverfront and in surrounding communities to rebuild a healthy natural ecosystem and make best use of a park system for its productive potential How can the site adapt to the coming effects of global climate change How can we discover a new aesthetic that reflects and foresees a lifestyle in which cultural and human processes adapt to and mediate the changing natural environment

-生态更新：有什么方法可以使一个健康的自然生态系统在北段河岸以及周围的社区中得以重建与修复，并且利用这个生态公园系统来满足其潜在的生产性诉求我们又如何使基地能够应对全球的气候变化问题进而，我们该如何去寻找并定义一种新的美学，这种新的美学可以描绘出人们未来的生活方式：无论人们的生活和文化如何演变，这种美学，这种新的生活方式都可以适应并且成为人类与自然环境的敏感媒介。

?Social equity: The communities of the upper riverfront, especially North Minneapolis, have very little parkland and other amenities. This inequity compounds and exacerbates other social challenges. How can this project create a more equitable

society in which North Minneapolis becomes as much of a destination for the whole city as its other areas

-社会公平：基地附近的社区，特别是明市北部的社区，拥有很少的公园用地以及其他的设施。这种不平等激化并且产生出了一系列新的社会问题。因此，我们如何能使该项目在明市北部能营造出一个相对平等的社会环境，使得该地区能够像明市其他片区一样成为市民公共生活的目的地之一

?Vibrant economy: Commercial uses in the upper riverfront including many that don’t relate to the majestic river. How can we foster new better related industries in a resurgent river corridor How can investments in the river catalyze broader economic activity and attract the businesses of the future

-经济活力：当下，北段的商业使用大多与密西西比河无关。我们该如何在重生的河流廊道中找到一个与河流关系更为密切的产业发展模式又如何能够使对于这片地区的投资产生更强，更广泛的经济活力，从而在未来可以吸引更多的投资与商业机会

?Authentic cultural identity: The site of Minneapolis was an important gathering spot for native peoples and for European settlements for fur trade, lumber milling, and grain storage. As Minneapolis has recently attracted a more diverse population, can the river also help gather its contemporary citizens

-文化的可辨识度：历史上，基地曾经是本土居民与欧洲殖民定居点的重要贸易节点，包括了皮毛，木材，以及谷物等产业内容。而最近，明市仍然是族裔多样性的城市代表，那么现在，密西西比河是否能够继续承担起融合各族裔的积极角色呢

The design team proposed three strategies to address these challenges:

三大策略以应对挑战

?Build an ecological infrastructure: A strong city park system is rooted in robust and resilient nature. We identify natural assets to design an ecological network that protects and enhances critical natural and cultural processes: sustainable transportation, natural stormwater management, urban agriculture, and other green infrastructures.

-建立生态基础设施系统：一个有效的城市生态公园系统将被建立。我们将会建立自然的生态网络以保护并促进基地自然与文化的演变过程，其中包括可持续的交通系统，自然的雨洪管理，城市农业，以及其他的绿色基础设施。

?Reorient urbanism to the river: As green infrastructure grows, the city can be reoriented around the river’s natural assets, juxtaposing with it schools and housing, jobs and research, art and commerce. All this will improve economic stability, social justice, and cultural identity.

-重新定位河流两岸的城市发展：随着生态基础设施的确立，河流两岸的城市发展将被重新定义，学校-居住-工作-研究-艺术-商业等城市功能将被引入基地。这将有效的提升明市北部地区经济的稳定性，社会的公平与正义，以及该地区的文化特性。

?Curate the vision through time: The cit y’s civic leaders have understood that its land uses and architecture will change, but that its fundamental landscape elements will endure. Our planning and design approach explores ideal growth over a fifty-year period as grounded in those essentials.

-对于规划设计愿景的管理与修正：城市的领导者们清楚的知道土地利用或者建筑也许会改变，但是景观最本质的东西是不会改变的。我们的方案以及策略就是为了探寻一种理想的景观与城市发展构架，它能在50年甚至隔更长的周期内持续的产生作用。