Removed_英语单词的偏旁部首21

英语单词的偏旁部首

英语中某些字母组合可以表示一定的含义，英国语言学家弗思(J.R.Firth, 1890-1960)将这种字母组合称作“联觉音组”（phonaesthemes）。“联觉音组”就像汉字的偏旁部首一样，也具有表意功能。

1．fl- 与“火焰”有关：

flame [fleim] n. visible part of fire火焰, 光辉, 光芒

Love isn’t a bunch of coals that can be blown by an bellows into a flame at any time.爱情不是一捆柴火，并不是每时每刻都可以拉一拉风箱就能燃起大火。

flare [flε?] burn with a bright, unsteady fire闪光, 闪耀；发火，生气

Once more Athens flared into importance as the head of a confederation.雅典再一次脱颖而出，成为联邦首领。

flash [fl??] sudden burst of flame or light闪光, 闪现

A lighthouse was flashing in the distance. 一个灯塔在远处闪着光。

flicker ['flik?] burn or shine unsteadily闪烁

These lights flickered continuously like traffic lights which have gone mad. 这些灯象发狂的交通灯一样不停地闪动着。

flamboyant ['fl?m'b?i?nt] adj. brightly colored and decorated辉耀的, 华丽的

→flamboyance (n. 华丽, 火焰)

They lived in that flamboyant hotel with nothing to do.他们住在那家华丽的旅店里无所事事。inflame [in'fleim] v. become red, angry, overheated燃烧；激怒

→inflammation (n. 怒火, 发火, 燃烧), inflammable (adj. 易燃的, 易怒的)

Our lack of response seemed to inflame the colonel. 我们没有反应好象惹怒了上校。

inflammable [in'fl?m?bl] adj. easily burnt易燃的, 易怒的

A thing was inflammable if it contained phlogiston. 只要含有可燃物就可以燃烧。

conflagrate ['k?nfl?ɡreit] v. to cause to start burning燃烧, 着火

→由con-(together)+flagr (to burn)+-ate (to make)构成

→conflagrant (adj. 燃烧的, 炽热的), conflagration (n. 大火, 大火灾, 突发)

By the time they arrived at the woods, it has already been conflagrated into ash. 他们赶到森林时，它已经烧成了灰。

2. gl- 表示“光线”：

gleam [ɡli:m] n. &v. beam or ray of soft light闪烁, 隐约地闪现

The moonlight gleamed on the river. 月光在河面上闪烁。

It was a glorious night, with a great full moon gleaming in a purple sky.那是个亮晶晶的夜晚，皓月在紫色的天空上闪烁。

glimmer [ im ] v. send out a weak, uncertain light发出闪烁的微光

Now the raft was passing the few glimmering lights of the distant village.现在小筏子划过了远处村庄里几盏微微闪烁的灯。

glisten [ is n] v. shine brightly, sparkle闪光

It was a hot July morning, and perspiration glistened on Robbie’s forehead.那是个七月的炎热早晨，汗水在罗比的前额闪着光。

glitter [ it ] v. shine brightly with flashes of light闪闪发光, 闪烁

It is an old saying that all is not gold that glitters 古话说闪光的东西并不都是金子。

glint [ int] n. send out flashes of light闪烁

The sun glinted through the leaves. 阳光穿过叶隙而闪耀。

glare [ ] n. & v. shine in dazzling way眩目的光, 显眼, 怒目而视

The sun glared out of the blue sky. 太阳在蓝天上发出炫目的光芒。

We could see nothing because of the glare of the car’s lights.由于车灯很耀眼，我们什么都看不清。

gloom [ u:m] n. & v. semi-darkness阴暗, 阴沉

In the gloom of the thick forest, they nearly lost their way.他们几乎在黑暗的密林中迷了路。glaze [ eiz] n. &v. cover with a glass-like surface上釉

The moon lay on the glazed snow of backyard. 月光洒在后院光滑的雪上。

glossy [ si] adj. smooth and shiny光滑的，有光泽的

Everything looked so glossy, and clean and ordered. 一切都显得那么有光泽，清洁干净，井井有条。

3. 以-mum结尾的常词表示“数量”：

maximum [ ksim m] n. &adj. the largest amount 最大量（的）；最大值（的）

The maximum load for this truck is ten ton. 这辆卡车最大载重量是10吨。

minimum [ minim m] n. &adj. the smallest amount最小量（的）；最小数（的）；最低限度（的）

You must get a minimum of 40 questions right to pass the examination. 你必须最少答对40道题才能通过考试。

optimum [ ptim m] n. &adj. the best amount 最佳值, 最佳的

→optimal (adj. 最佳的, 最理想的), optimize (v. 使最优化), optimization (n. 最佳化, 最优化)

This approach provides good economics and the ability to formulate the optimum design.这种方法提供很好的经济前景，并能够选出最佳的设计。

4. 不少以sl- 开头的词与“滑动”有关：slide, slip, slope

slick [slik] adj. smooth, slippery光滑的

The slick floor brought me down in a heavy fall. 光滑的地板让我摔了一大跤。

sleek [sli:k] adj. smooth and glossy圆滑的

He himself is as sleek as a miller’s rat. 他本人就象磨坊里的老鼠那样圆滑。

slime [slaim] n. soft, sticky mud滑的粘土

But you dragged the entire race into the slime. 但是，你将整个民族拖进泥潭中。

slippery [ slip ri] adj. smooth, wet, polished光滑的，滑溜的

Much of the ride was through rainy and slippery road. 该行程的一大段都是经过又湿又滑的道路。

sloppy [ sl pi] adj. wet and sliding with rain 湿滑的

The melting snow made the roads very sloppy. 融雪使得道路又湿又滑。

slush [sl ] n. melting snow, soft mud烂泥

Next day his luggage arrived through the slush. 第二天，他的行李从泥泞中运送过来。sludge [sl ] n. thick, greasy mud软泥

Fluid sludge can be sold to farmers for spreading on their fields.流态的软泥可以卖给农民，让他们铺到田地里。

sledge [sled ] n. vehicle pulled by dogs or horses to slide on snow雪橇

The dogs pulled the sledges over the ice and the sledges carried equipment. 狗在冰上拉着雪橇，

雪橇上装着设备。

6．sn- 表示从鼻孔发出的音：

sneeze [sni:z] n. &v. n. sudden outburst of air through the nose 喷嚏，打喷嚏

When you have a cold, you sneeze a lot. 感冒时要打很多喷嚏。

sniff [snif] n. &v. draw air through the nose so that there is a sound鼻吸声

When she had stopped crying, she sniffed and dried her eyes. 她停止哭泣，抽着鼻子擦干眼泪。

snore [sn ] n. &v. breathe roughly and noisily while sleeping打鼾

If you sleep on your back with your mouth open you’re likely to snore.如果你张开嘴躺着睡觉，很可能会打呼噜。

snort [sn t] n. &v. force air violently out through the nose喷鼻息

“You can’t come in here.” John snorted at the doorman, “We’ll soon see about that.”“你不能到这儿来。”约翰对门位“哼”的一声说，“我们很快就会看出来的。”

snuff [sn f] n. &v. draw air in through the nose 鼻吸声

He snuffs up salt and water to cure a cold.他吸进盐和水来治疗感冒。

一些以sn- 开头的词带有不愉快的联想：

snare [sn ] n. &v. trap for catching small animals and birds陷井，诱捕

The advertisement is a snare for inexperienced people.对于没有经验的人来说，广告是一种陷阱。

sneak [sni:k] n. & v. go quietly and furtively鬼鬼祟祟做事

The man sneaked about the barn watching for a chance to steal the dog.那个人鬼鬼祟祟地在畜

舍旁转溜，伺机偷狗。

sneer [sni ] n. &v. show contempt by means of a derisive smile冷笑, 讥笑, 嘲笑

She constantly sneers at his efforts to improve himself.她时常讥笑他自我提高的努力。

snide [snaid] n. &adj. sneering, slyly卑鄙勾当；伪造的, 不诚实的

Joyce was a snide little punk who enjoyed working at crossing-purpose.乔伊斯是个不诚实的小无赖，专喜欢制造矛盾。

snippy [ snipi] very proud of oneself暴躁的, 傲慢的

Cindy had been more than usually snippy.辛迪比往常更傲慢了。

snob [sn b] n. person who pays too much attention to social position 势利的人

→snobbery (n. 势利)

Being a snob, he was always trying to get to know members of the nobility.作为一个势利的人，他总是尽力巴结贵族成员。

snoop [snu:p] n. &v. search, examine in a secretive way窥视

They had snooped him for days.很多天来，他们一直在窥探他。

snub [sn b] n. &v treat somebody with cold behavior or contempt故意怠慢, 责骂, 冷落慢待Jane snubbed Brian by turning her back on him and walking away.简故意怠慢布莱恩，转过身走开了。

7. st表示“站立，固定不变”

stable [ steibl] adj. firm, not likely to move or change稳定的

This is a basic requirement for the stable economic life of the Japanese people.这对于日本人民稳定的经济生活来说是基本的要求。

stability [st biliti] n. quality of being stable稳定性

Under this assertion, development cannot take place in the absence of social stability.在这一主张下，没有社会稳定就不可能发展。

stabilize [ steibilaiz] v. to make something stable 稳定

In an open economy, the terms of trade between industrial goods and food can be stabilized by international price.在开放的经济中，工业产品和食品的贸易协议可以通过国际价格稳定下来。

stagnant [ st n nt] adj. unchanging, inactive停滞的, 迟钝的

→stagnate（v. 使淤塞, 使停滞），stagnation（n. 停滞）

Without imagination and love of adventure a society soon becomes stagnant and begins to decay.缺乏幻想和冒险热情，社会很快就变得停滞不前，并开始衰落。

The division had been stagnating under uninspired leadership.缺乏远见卓识的领导，这个部门的发展一直停滞不前。

staid [steid] adj. conservative, quiet and serious沉静的；呆板的

Her thought was staid and solely adapted to a condition. 她的思想很呆板，只适应某一特定条件。

stale [steil] adj. dry and not fresh不新鲜的, 陈腐的

The stale literary phrase showed that the man had been educated at a mission school.这人陈腐的话语表明他是在教会学校上的学。

stanch [st t ] v. check the flow of blood or water止流, 止血

I thought it my duty to help stanch these leaks. 我想我的职责就是堵住漏洞。

staunch [st nt ] adj. trustworthy, loyal, firm坚定的

He always was the truest, staunchest old chap in the world. 他总是世界上最真实最可靠的老家

伙。

static [ tik] adj. at rest, in a state of balance静态的, 静力的

We find that, though static for several years, the market is now expanding. 我们发现，尽管几年内市场都维持原样，但是现在正在扩大。

stationary [ stei n ri] adj. not intended to move from one place to another固定的；不动的Wait until the bus is stationary before you get off. 你要等公共汽车停稳了再下车。

statue [ st tju:] n. figure of a person or an animal in wood or stone, etc.雕像

The old man sat on the bench, still as a statue. 那位老人坐在凳子上，静静的，象一座雕塑。steadfast [ stedf st] adj. firm and unchanging 坚定的，固定的，不移的

Her mind was slow, truthful and steadfast. 她反应慢，但诚实坚定。

steady [ stedi] adj. firmly fixed or supported稳固的, 稳定的

I am steady as a rock --- fixed as the Polar Star. 我坚如磐石，又如北极星一样稳固。

stiff [stif] adj. not easily bent or changed in shape僵硬的，坚硬的；不易弯曲的

The cards were made of stiff paper. 卡片是用硬纸板做的。

stubborn [ st b n] adj. difficult to deal with 坚决的；坚定的；倔强的

He loves to make out he’s a little lamb, but he’s stubborn as a mule.他喜欢他变成温顺的小羊羔，但他却固执得象头驴。

8. 一些以-ush结尾的词与“水”有关：

flush [fl ] n. &v. rush of water 奔流, 冲洗, 晕红

The lavatory won't flush. 抽水马桶不好用了。

She flushed with anger. 她气得脸发红。

gush [ ] n. &v. burst, flow out suddenly涌出；喷出；流出

Clear water gushed into the irrigational channel. 清澈的水涌进了灌溉渠道。

rush [r ] sudden and violent flow of water匆促, 冲进, 急流

She rushed into the room to tell us the news. 她冲进房间告诉我们这个消息。

9. -unk 常常产生不愉快的联想：

flunk [fl k] n. &v. person who hasn’t past an examination失败, 考试不及格

Since he has often been absent from class, he was flunked in many courses.他经常缺课，所以多门功课不及格。

funk [f k] n. &v. being frightful 怯懦, 恐惧, 臭味

The little child was left home alone; he was in a funk.这个小孩独自在家，感到很恐惧。

junk [d k] n. old, discarded things of little or no value垃圾

The room is full of junk. 那间屋子里满是破烂儿。

His writing is all junk. 他的书法作品一文不值。

punk [p k] n. worthless stuff废物

I doubt whether I am something like punk as he calls me frequently.我怀疑自己究竟是不是常常被他说的那样的废物。

skunk [sk k] n. a kind of animal which gives out a strong smell臭鼬

When attacked, skunks often give off a bad smell to drive their enemy away. 当受到攻击时，臭鼬常常发出难闻的气味来驱赶敌人。

10. 居于词尾的辅音连缀[-bl], [-dl], [-fl], [- l], [-sl]和[-zl]常常带有“沙沙”或“隆隆”的声响，如：

whistle [ wisl] n. &v. clear note made by forcing air through a small opening口哨, 汽笛

The teacher blew a whistle to start the race. 老师的哨响，比赛开始。

When he gave a whistle, his dog ran to him. 他吹了一声口哨，狗就向他跑来。

babble [ b bl]n. &v. to speak like a child儿语, 胡言乱语, 潺潺声

She babbled on about her dead son. 她一直在胡言乱语说她去世的儿子。

Have you heard the babble of running water? 你听到那潺潺流水声了吗？

rustle [ sl] n. &v. make a gentle, light sound like dry leaves沙沙声

The wind rustled the dead leaves. 风把枯叶吹得沙沙地响。

The tiger rustled through the bushes. 老虎穿过丛林弄出飒飒的响声。

snuffle [ sn fl] v. make sound by the nose用鼻音讲

For the rest of dinner father was silent save for an occasional snuffle of merriment. 晚餐的其他时候，父亲除了偶尔发出一声快乐的哼声外，一直保持沉默。

rumble [ mbl] n. &v. make a deep, heavy, continuous sound隆隆声

The truck rumbled through the street. 卡车沿着大街隆隆地驶过。

grumble [ mbl] n. &v. make a complaining sound 抱怨, 咕哝, 嘟囔

She has nothing to grumble about. 她没有什么可抱怨的。

tinkle [ ti kl] n. &v. make a clear and soft sound丁当作响

All was quiet and still except for the distant tinkling of a piano. 除了远处传来叮咚的钢琴声外，一切都安静寂寥。

jangle [ ] v. make a heavy and intolerable sound 刺耳响

The front door bell jangled viciously. 前门的门铃发出刺耳的声音。

mumble [ m mbl] v. to say something indistinctly 喃喃而语, 咕哝

He mumbled something to me but I could not hear what he said. 他对我咕哝了几句，可是我没听清他说的什么。

giggle [ l] v. to laugh like a girl 格格地笑

The girls were giggling in class. 女孩们在课堂上格格地笑。