美国文学简史期末复习
美国文学简史期末复习 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
i.T h e C o l o n i a l P e r i o d
1.关键词: America Puritanism
2.Calvinism特点: total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited
atonement, Irresistible grace, Perseverance of the saints
3.Anne Bradstreet( P17 ): a Puritan poet be known as “The Muse”
4.Thomas Paine: one of continual, unswerving fight for the rights of
man.
5.works: “Common Sense”“American Crisis”“The Rights of Man”
“The Age of Reason”理性时代
6.Phillip Freneau(P22): 美国文学史上的重要人物
7.dawning nationalism 代表人物
Poems: The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花
first modern American & the last medieval man
8.Jonathan Edwards( Calvinism )
9.a critical role in shaping the First Great Awakening
10.works: “The Freedom of the Will”《自由意志论》“The Great
Doctrine of Original Sin Defended”《伟哉原罪论辩》“The Nature
of True Virtue”“American Dream”“Self-made”
11.Benjamin Franklin(puritanism)
12.“Poor Richard’s Almance”“autobiography”新文学形式
13.“18th century enlightenment”
ii.Romanticism
1.Washington Irving（1783-1859）
2.①titles: “the father of American literature”
3.“the American Goldsmith”
4.②works: The Sketch Book (marked the beginning of American
Romanticism and the beginning of short stories as a genre in
American literature)
5.Rip Van Winkle (P47—P48)
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
6.James Fenimore Cooper（1789-1851）
7.①One of the first writer to write American Westward movement
8.②“The Leatherstocking Tales” (novel)
9.first is “The Pioneers”
10.---Plot:
---theme conflict between Natty Bumppo and Judge Temple-
---character:
Natty Bumppo---innocent, simple, honest and generous, for freedom,
against civilization, wilderness is good
Judge Temple---just, reasonable, for civilization and law
③Writing style:
intriguing plot
majestic landscape descriptions
rich imagination
wooden characterization
not authentic dialect
iii.New England Transcendentalism---the culmination of American Romanticism
iv.Beginning of the Transcendentalism---1836, Nature, Emerson (1830s –the Civil War)
v.Features：a:emphasizing on spirit or the Over-soul；b:stressing the importance of the individual；c:offering a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.
1.Ralph Waldo Emerson：The founder of the Transcendentalist club and
the editor for a time of the journal the Dial
2.Works:
Nature --- “the Manifesto of American Transcenden talism” “the
Bible of New England”:
The Poet (from Nature)
The American Scholar --- “Intellectual Declaration of
Independence”
3.Henry David Thoreau
4.Masterpiece: Walden (Failure first, success in the 20th century)
5.Content---a faithful record of his reflection in communicating with
nature
6.Nathaniel Hawthorne
7.“The Scarlet Letter”
8.Plot(P74)
Theme:
---(general theme) evil and sin exist in human heart and will be
punished one day
moral, emotional and psychological effect of the sin on the people
in general
---(specific theme) a hymn on the moral growth of the woman Hester
when sinned against
symbolism象征主义: “A”—Adultery—able—angel
“pearl”—treasure
9.Herman Melville
10.works: Moby Dick (1851)---little response, famous until the 20th
century
11.Content:
---(general content) an encyclopedia of everything
---(specific content) a tragedy of man fighting against
overwhelming power in an indifferent even hostile world
12.Edgar Allan Poe
13.Theme: The death of beauty
Sense of loss
Works:
Poem--- “The Raven” “To Helen” “Annabel Lee”
Writing style:
Musical
Repetition of words
Paralleled structure
Melancholy atmosphere(tone)
Short story---The Fall of the House of Usher
Plot: (P112)
Theme: the fall of the house---the annihilation (disintegration) and of person
14.Emily Dickinson
15.Subject and theme:
①(almost one third) Death and immortality
②“My life closed twice before its close”
③“Because I could not stop for death”
④theme: Everyone can’t live forever. Only after death can we get
immortality (immortality of soul)
⑤“ I heard a Fly Buzz- When I died”
⑥theme: skeptical & ambivalent about death
⑦ reluctance to death
⑧Love
⑨“Wild Nights-Wild nights” (P99)
⑩nature (both benevolent and cruel)
“I’ll tell you how the sun rose”
?emphasis of free will and human responsibility
?“To fight aloud”
?“A triumph may be”
?soul ( conviction of her sovereignty)
?“I know that He exists”
“The Brain is wider than the sky”
Theme:
influence of Transcendentalism
Human being’s mind (soul) is as divine as God
?beauty, truth and goodness are ultimately one
“ I died for beauty-but was scare”
“Tell all the truth but tell it slant” (P102)
Writing style: emotional, original, against tradition
Choice of words, verbal construction (capitalized and dash),
spelling, full of fresh images, brief, direct, plain words but
not easy to read
Influence: precursor to the Imagist movement
16.Walt Whitman
17.Works: “Leaves of Grass”草叶集(9 editions from 1855 to 1892,
Famous until the 5th edition)
18.Poems in Leaves of Grass:
19.“Song of Myself”(most famous one)
“Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking” (1859)
“When Lilacs紫丁香Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” (1865)
“O Captain My Captain!”
Writing style: free verse( no regular rhyme, but musical)
vi.过渡时期
Harriet Beecher Stowe
work: Uncle Tom’s Cabin---The greatest manifesto of American anti-
slavery (最有名的反奴隶制作品)
Content: a faithful record of American black people's miserable life. vii.Realism 镀金时代Gilded Age
1.William Dean Howells豪厄尔斯
2.①title: “champion of literary realism in US”“first president of
American Academy of Arts and Letters”
3.②works:
4.essay--- Criticism and Fiction
5.novel---The Rise of Silas Lapham
6.Plot: P120-121
Character: Silas Lapham---common Bostonian of the late 19th century,
average America happy with his family and proud of his success in
the world
Theme:
house---symbol of Lapham’s success (in material) and
aspiration for the polite society
the burning of the house---financial fall and moral rise
7.Henry James
8.①themes:exchanges between Americans and Europeans美国和欧洲文化的
冲突
9.②写作手法：a. eliminates the author and gives the reader the
illusion of being present at the scene of action让读者置身于情境中
10.b. without comments or explanations: Dramatize, only dramatize, is
his lesson作者只设定情境
11.③Three distinctive periods:
12.a. 1865-1882 novels
13.The American (1877) 美国人
The Europeans (1878) 欧洲人
The Portrait of a Lady (1881) 淑女本色贵妇的肖像
Daisy Miller(1878) 短篇小说
plays
novels
The Turn of the Screw(1898)短篇小说碧庐冤孽（螺丝在旋紧）
The Wings of the Dove (1902) 鸽之翼
The Ambassadors (1903) 大使（奉使记）
The Golden Bowl (1904) 金碗
14.Mark Twain(Local Colorism)
15.①Works: The Adventure of Tom Sawyer
16. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn 汤姆索亚历险记的续集，海
明威称赞“all modern American literature comes”
17.②theme: racism& slavery
18. intellectual& moral education
The hypocrisy of civilized” society
③real name: Samuel Langhorne Clemens
④背景: Mississippi River
viii.Naturalism(是现实主义的高级阶段)
Time: at the end of the 19th century
Subject of naturalist: detailed description of lives of the low and the abnormal, frank description of human passion and sexuality, and
portrayal of men overwhelmed by nature
Theme of naturalists: pessimistic, deterministic
自然主义的起源：Emile Zola “surrounding and heredity遗传can decide one’s destiny”
写作手法：ironic讽刺, less sympathy, more serious than realism, deterministic决定论
1.Stephen Crane
2.①Works: (novels) Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893) and The Red
Badge of Courage (1895) (short stories) “The Open Boat”
3.②Writing style: psychological description, visual beauty with
symbols
4.Frank Norris
5.①works: (Novel) McTeague麦克提格(1899)首部全面展示自然主义的作品
the Octopus章鱼 (best work) (1901) railway
Writing style:
rich material
fresh imagery
poetic mode of fiction
precise and exact word
(Essay of literary criticism) The Responsibilities of the Novelists
(1903)
6.O. Henry(a prolific American short-story writer)多产短篇小说家
①Real name: William Porter
②The Gift of the Magi
③Writing style: short, interesting and clever plot, good-natured
humor, surprising end, keen observation of details, slang and
colloquial expressions
7.Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞
8.works:Sister Carrie(1990)《嘉丽妹妹》
Jennie Gerhardt (1911)《珍妮姑娘》（姐妹篇）
The Financier (1912) 《金融家》“Trilogy of Desire” (欲望三部曲) The Titan (1914)《巨头》
The Stoic(1947)《斯多葛》
The "Genius" (1915) 《天才》--autobiographical novel
An American Tragedy--greatest and most successful Political commentary set
9.Jack London
10.Works:
---Reflection of his Involvement in the socialist movement:
The Iron Heel, The People of the Abyss
---Reflection of his belief in Darwinism:
The Call of the Wild (1903)适者生存, The Sea Wolf (1904)
---Reflection of the conflicting view :
autobiographical novel Martin Eden (1909)
ix.Modernism
Two literary periods
?1920s --- The First World War (a decade of great joy and happenings )
?1930s--- The Great Depression
1.Ezra Pound--- the founder of Imagist movement(深受中国文化的影响)
2.works: translations of Lipo’s poems “The River- Merchant’s Wife”
翻译李白的《长干行》
3.In a Station of the Metro
The apparition of these faces in the crowd ;
Petals on a wet, black bough.— Ezra Pound
4.T. S. Eliot
5.Poems
The Waste Land (1922)---spiritual crisis of postwar Europe, like a
manifesto of the “Lost generation”
The Love Song of Prufrock (1917)--- a poem with a notable modern
emotional color，意识流，现代主义情感色彩
6.Wallace Stevens
7.Basic theme: interrelationship between reality and art, power of
imagination
Works: “Anecdote of the Jar”古坛轶事
8.William Carlos Williams
9.Works: Famous poem: Paterson 帕特森(1946–58).
Subject: everyday circumstances of life and the lives of common
people.
Writing style: unusual meters and styles, easy and enjoyable to
read
10.Carl Sandburg---One of The greatest poets in the “Chicago
Renaissance” ---Chicago Poems
11.Robert Frost
12.Subject: the people and landscape of New England.
(Misconception of him as a lyric poet or as an authentic painter of local landscape)
Theme: (universal and abstract) the complexity of human existence Works:
poem collection：
A Boy’s Will (1913), North of Boston(1914)
New Hamphshire(1923),
Collected Poems(1930),
A Further Range(1936),
A Witness Tree(1942)
Some famous poems:
“After Apple Picking”
“Mending Wall”
“Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening”
“The Road not Taken”
“Design”
“The Wood-Pile”
Writing style:
---form
to retain traditional forms of poetry
---theme
deceptively simple (trivial subjects)
---language
lucid, easy, fluent
13.William Faulkner: one of the twentieth century’s greatest writers
---one of the southern writers (fictional Yoknapatawpha County)
---the Nobel Prize-winning novelist(1949)
---a famous short story writer
Works: 19 novels, 3volumes of short stories
?poem collection: The Marble Faun, 1924)
?Novel:The Sound and the Fury, 1929喧哗与躁动
As I Lay Dying, 1930
Light in August, 1932
Absalom, Absalom!, 1936
Go Down, Moses, 1942
?short story: “A Rose For Emily”
Theme: general human situation
Writing style: difficult and experimental
?Vivid characterization( character with great independence)
?Multiple narrators
?Story-novel (emphasis on narrative)
?Modern stream of consciousness (fragmentary and obscure)
? A variety of English
14.F. Scott Fitzgerald
15.work: The Great Gatsby(1925)
16.Themes: The decline衰落 of American Dream in the 1920s
The Hollowness空虚 of the upper class
Symbols: The green light
17.Ernest Hemingway
18.①Nick Adams, a Hemingway hero, first appears in the novel In Our
Time (1925)
19.②The Sun Also Rises (1926)
20. Jake Barnes
A Farewell to Arms (1929)
Frederick Henry & Catherine Barkley
Death in the Afternoon (1932 )
Green Hills of Africa (1935)
For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)
The Old Man and the Sea (1952)
Manolin & Santiago
x.American drama
1.Eugene O’Neil(1888 – 1953)
2.father of American drama
3.Works:
first published play, Beyond the Horizon (1920) on Broadway
The Iceman Cometh (1946)
Long Days Journey into Night (1956)：an autobiographical play and
released after O'Neill's death.
4.John Steinbeck
5.the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962
Famous for The Grapes of Wrath (1939), a novel widely considered to
be a 20th-century classic.
《小王子英文版》精读笔记——第一章
《小王子英文版》精读笔记——第一章 第1 章 [ Chapter 1 ] ◆magnificent /m?ɡ?n?f?snt/ adj. 壮丽的;令人印象深刻的 ◆primeval /pra??miv?l/ adj. 原始的 ◆a boa constrictor 一条蟒蛇 ◆boa /'b???/ n. 蟒 ◆constrictor /k?n'str?kt?/ n. 大蟒 ◆swallow /'sw?l??/ v. 吞下 ◆called True Stories from Nature 可以看做非限制性定语修饰a book（解释补充说明）◆in the act of doing (sth.) 正在做某事时 ◆prey /pre?/ n[U].猎物v.捕食 ◆swallow sth. whole 把……囫囵吞下 ◆whole /h??l/ adj. 完整的 ◆chew /t?u?/ vt.咀嚼 ◆succeed in doing 成功地做某事 ◆drawing /'dr??(r)??/ n. 图画 ◆masterpiece /'mɑ?st?pi?s/ n. 杰作 ◆frighten /'fra?t(?)n/ v.使惊恐;吓唬 ◆show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看 ◆digest /da?'d?est/ v.消化 ◆ask sb. sth. 询问某人某事 ◆whether the drawing frightened them 宾语从句 ◆be frightened by... 被……吓坏(吓一跳) ◆digesting an elephant 现在分词短语作后置定语 完整版笔记持续更新中ing 公主号：中学英语Club
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(9-14章)【圣才出品】
第9章地方色彩小说?马克?吐温 9.1复习笔记 I.Local Colorism（地方色彩主义） The vogue of local color fiction was the outgrowth of historical and aesthetic forces that had been gathering energy since early19th century.Local colorism as a literary trend first made its presence felt in the late1860s and early seventies.It is a variation of American literary realism. Local colorists were consciously nostalgic historians of a vanishing way of life,recorders of a present that faded before their eyes.They concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting the local character of their regions.They tended to idealize and glorify,but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life.Major local colorists are Bret Harte,Hanlin Garland, Harriet Beecher Stowe,Kate Chopin and Mark Twain. 地方色彩小说的流行是自19世纪早期以来历史和艺术力量凝聚的产物。作为一种文学潮流，地方色彩主义在19世纪60年代晚期和70年代早期初展头角。它是美国现实主义文学的一个分支。 地方色彩主义作家是怀念正在消逝的生活方式的历史家，他们记录了在他们眼前逝去的现在。他们致力于展示描述自己地方的特色，倾向于赞颂地方生活并将其理想化，但是他们又注意不失地方生活的真实色彩。主要的地方色彩主义作家包括布莱特·哈特、汉林·加兰德、哈里耶特·比彻·斯托、凯特·肖邦及马克·吐温等。 II.Mark Twain(1835-1910)（马克·吐温） 1.Life（生平） Mark Twain,pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens,is a great literary giant of America. He was brought up in the small town of Hannibal,Missouri,on the Mississippi River.He was twelve when his father died and he had to leave school.He was successively a printer’s apprentice,a tramp printer,a silver miner,a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi,and a frontier journalist in Nevada and California.This knocking about gave him wide knowledge of humanity. With the publication of his frontier tale,he became nationally famous.His first novel The Gilded Age was an artistic failure,but it gave its name to the American of the post-bellum period.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was his masterwork.Mark Twain was essentially an affirmative writer.But toward the latter part of his life,due to some tragic events,he changed to an almost
美国文学作家与作品汇总
Works: Part 1. The Literature of Colonial America John Smith 1580-1631 1 first American writer A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony; A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country; The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles Roger Williams 1603-1683 1 Begins the history of religious toleration in America A key into the Language of America Edward Taylor 1612-1672 1 The best of the puritan poets No publishing of his work, most treat religious themes, many poems based directly on Psalms. Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 1 The first American secretary of state Drafted the Declaration of Independence Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise(his first pamphlet)税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代Agrarian Justice --last important treaties 1 Great Commoner of Mankind 2 The most articulate spokesman of the American Revolution 3 natural gift for pamphleteering and rebellion Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832 Father of American Poetry The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地 1 the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period 2 “Poet of the American Revolution” 3 herald American literary independence
常耀信《美国文学简史》笔记和考研真题详解(美国浪漫主义 欧文 库柏)【圣才出品】
第3章美国浪漫主义欧文库柏 3.1 复习笔记 I. Overview of American Romanticism（美国浪漫主义简介） In the history of American literature, the Romantic period is one of the most important periods. It stretched from the end of the eighteenth century through the outbreak of the civil war. 美国文学中的浪漫主义时期开始于18世纪末，到南北战争爆发为止，是美国文学史上的重要阶段。 1. Background（背景） (1) A nation bursting into new life cried for literary expression. The buoyant mood of the nation and the spirit of the times seemed in some measure responsible for the spectacular outburst of romantic feeling. The literary milieu proved fertile and conductive to the imagination. Magazine appeared in ever-increasing numbers. They played an important role in facilitating literary expansion. (2) Foreign influences added incentive to the growth of romanticism. The Romantic Movement, which had flourished earlier in the century both in England
考研阅读精读笔记(98Passage Four - 99)
考研阅读精读笔记（98Passage Four - 99）(2009-06-30 17:58:21) Passage Four L: census n.人口普查 regional a.地区的region n. standstill n.停止 in years ahead 将来 enthrone vt.使加冕；使登王位；使成为最高/最大/最强... densely ad.稠密地；密集地dense a. populate = inhabit vt.居住 the most densely populated region 人口最密集的地区 the most thinly populated area 人口最稀少的地区 counting n.计数，计算，数数count v. numerically ad.数字地，数目地numerical a. add up to = amount to 总计，达到 except for 除了 the Depression (1929-1932)大萧条 migrate v. 迁徙，移动migration n. migrant n.迁徙者；候鸟 belt n.带，地带，腰带 be attributed to 被归因于 nonstop a.不停顿的 wave n.浪潮；波浪 immigrant n.移民immigrate v. crop n.庄稼，作物；一批 baby boom 婴儿潮，婴儿出生高峰 child-bearing a.生育孩子的 demographer n.人口学家 demography n.人口学 vast a.广大的，大的 respectively ad.各自地respective a. be composed of 由...构成，包括 square n./a.正方形；广场；平方 per square mile 每平方英里 crowded a.拥挤crowdedness n. bearable a.能承受的，能忍受的 dramatize v.戏剧化的表达；清楚地表达/表现 spacious a.宽敞的 smog n.烟雾 plague n.弊端；瘟疫；灾难；祸患 urbanization n. 城市化，都市化urbanize v. the Golden State 指California two thirds 三分之二 one fifth 五分之一
常耀信《美国文学简史》笔记和考研真题详解(美国戏剧)【圣才出品】
第19章美国戏剧 19.1 复习笔记 I. Overview of American drama（美国戏剧概述） American drama began in 1916 when the Provincetown Players produced Eugene O’Neil’s first play, Bound East for Cardiff. It is true that there were no great masters in the theater comparable in stature to such major figures in fiction as Melville or James, but there had been people who did spadework for the rise of American drama in the 1920s. There was a renaissance of drama in the 1920s. American drama began the process of developing itself into a department of American literature equal in significance to both poetry and the novel. The theater of the Depression was not depressing. Like other branches of literature the drama was preoccupied with social concern. The staging of Tennessee Williams’The Glass Menagerie on Broadway in 1945 was an even of unusual significance, as it marked American drama’s coming of age. The late fifties saw a temporary decline in dramatic productions, but in the next decade, American drama picked up a good deal of fresh energy. With the passage of time there has appeared the increasingly more obvious tendency to “decentralize”from Broadway with more and more plays stages Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway. And from the end of the sixties.
9分达人阅读AmateurNaturalists精读笔记汇总
Amateur[??m?t?(r)] Naturalists[?n?t?r?l?st] Ecologists[i:?k?l?d??sts] are using a wealth of unusual data to predict he impact of climate change. 生态学家们通过大量民间数据来预测气候变化带来的影响 a wealth of Sn.大量;丰富If you say that someone or something has a wealth of good qualities or things, you are emphasizing that they have a very large number or amount of them. FORMAL 正式 ...such a wealth of creative expertise[?eksp?:?ti:z]... 如此丰富的创造性Un.专门技能 The city boasts[b??st]v.有，拥有（值得骄傲的成就或财产）a wealth of beautiful churches. 这座城市拥有众多美丽的教堂 A: Tim Sparks slides a small leather-bound装订的notebook out of an envelope[?env?l ??p]. Tim Sparks从信封里取出了一本皮面笔记本 slide out of The book’s yellowing pages contain beekeeping notes made between 1941 and 1969 by the late Walter Coates of Kilworth, Leicestershire. 笔记本的纸页已经微微泛黄，它记载了在Kilworth, Leicestershire居住的已故的养蜂人Walter Coates从1941年到1969年间的养蜂记录 late adj.已故的；已逝的；（尤指）新近去世的Y ou use late when you are talking about someone who is dead, especially someone who has died recently. His growing pile[pa?l] of local journals 他那堆越来越多的地方日报 a pile of
美国文学简史名词解释定义
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Ralph Waldo Emerson:拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生 Nature 《论自然》Self-Reliance 《论自立》Essays 《随笔集》名篇：The American Scholar 《美国学者》（has been regarded as “American Declaration of Intellectual Independence”被誉为美国思想的独立宣言） The Poet Henry David Thoreau:亨利·戴维·梭罗 Walden 《瓦尔登湖》 Nathaniel Hawthorne:纳撒尼尔·霍桑 The Scarlet Letter《红字》 The House of the Seven Gables 《七个尖角阁的房子》 Mosses from an Old Manse《古厦青苔》 The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》 The Marble Faun 《玉石神像》 Ethan Brand 《伊桑布兰德》 Young Goodman Brown 《好小伙子布朗》 Dr. Heidggeger’s Experiment 《海德格博士的体验》 The Ambitions Guest 《野心勃勃的客人》 The Greast Stone Face 《巨石脸》
美国文学作家以及作品总汇
美国文学部分(American Literature) 一．独立革命前后的文学（The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1)．殖民地时期的文学的特点 2)．主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品 2．独立革命前后时期的主要作家 本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林，散文家、科学家、社会活动家，曾参与起草―独立宣言。 《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanack 《致富之道》The Way to Wealth 《自传》The Autobiography 托马斯·潘恩Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩，散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。 《税务员问题》The Case of the Officers of Excise 《常识》Common Sense 《美国危机》American Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Man 《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism 《理性时代》The Age of Reason 菲利普·弗伦诺Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺，著名的―革命诗人‖。 《蒸蒸日上的美洲》―The Rising Glory of America‖
《英国囚船》―The British Prison Ship‖ 《纪念美国勇士》同类诗中最佳―To the Memory of the Brave Americans‖ 《野生的金银花》―The Wild Honeysuckle‖ 《印第安人殡葬地》―The Indian Burying Ground‖ 1二．美国浪漫主义文学（American Romanticism） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1)．美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景 2)．主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3)．清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释 2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家 华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文，美国著名小说家，被称为―美国文学之父‖.《瑞普·凡·温可尔》Rip Van Winkle 《纽约外史》A History of New York 《见闻札记》The Sketch Book 《睡谷的传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀开创了以《皮裹腿故事集》为代表的边疆传奇小说，其中最为重要的一部是《最后的莫西干人》。 《皮裹腿故事集》Leatherstocking Tales 《间谍》The Spy 《领航者》The Pilot
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A Concise History of American Literature What is literature? Literature is language artistically used to achieve identifiable literary qualities and to convey meaningful messages. Chapter 1 Colonial Period I.Background: Puritanism 1.features of Puritanism (1)Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred. (2)Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation. (3)Total depravity (4)Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved. 2.Influence (1) A group of good qualities –hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature. (2)It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden. (3)Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. (4)With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible. II.Overview of the literature 1.types of writing diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons 2.writers of colonial period (1)Anne Bradstreet (2)Edward Taylor (3)Roger Williams (4)John Woolman (5)Thomas Paine (6)Philip Freneau III.Jonathan Edwards 1.life 2.works (1)The Freedom of the Will (2)The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended (3)The Nature of True Virtue 3.ideas – pioneer of transcendentalism (1)The spirit of revivalism (2)Regeneration of man (3)God’s presence (4)Puritan idealism IV.Benjamin Franklin 1.life 2.works (1)Poor Richard’s Almanac (2)Autobiography 3.contribution (1)He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society.
化学元素周期表,元素周期律 精读笔记!!
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