高考英语二轮复习 第3讲 形容词与副词+练习(附解析)

第3讲形容词和副词

形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识点。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转化等。短文改错题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词和副词之间的错用，以及形容词之间、副词之间的错用等。

【考点突破】

一、从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”

形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和宾语补足语，常和名词、代词有关联；副词主要修饰动词、形容词和副词，也可在句首表状态。

1．形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前。

2．形容词在句中作表语，常放在be，get，become，remain等系动词后。

3．形容词在句中作宾语补足语，其前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。

4．副词在句中修饰动词。

5．副词在句中修饰形容词或副词。

6．副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表状态、原因等。

二、从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点

【典型例题】

(1)(2019·江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ________(flexibility) options to exercise.

解析句意：不同于传统健身房，应用程序支持的健身房给人们提供了灵活的健身选择。设空处在句中作定语，修饰名词options，故填形容词,flexible“灵活的；易弯曲的；有弹性的”。

(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it's always ________ (energy)．

解析考查词性转换之名词变形容词。连系动词is后接形容词作表语，故填energy的形容词形式energetic。

(3)(2017·6月浙江)But something made her look closer，and she noticed a ________ (shine) object.

解析考查词性转换之动词变形容词。空格处修饰后面的名词object(物体)，用形容词形式，故填shiny 或shining，意为“闪闪发光的”。

(4)A career in law is becoming increasingly attractive(attract) to young people.

(5)The book provides valuable(value) information on recent trends.

【特别注意】

(1)注意形近词hard与hardly，前者表示“努力”，后者表示“几乎不”。

(2)像deep, high, slow等本身也是副词，加上-ly后还是副词，此时前者表示具体，后者表示抽象。

(3)注意以-ly结尾的形容词：friendly 友好的lovely 可爱的lively 精力充沛的lonely 孤独的deadly 致命的monthly 每月的yearly 每年的daily 每日的weekly 每周的

【典型例题】

(1)(2019·天津卷)A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is ________(proper) established. 解析句意：狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期训练。设空处在句中作状语，修饰过去分词established，故填副词。答案properly

(2)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.

解析考查词性转换之形容词变副词。这里fair是形容词，修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词形式，故

填fairly。

(3)We are all entirely(entire) responsible for our actions.

(4)(改错)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.

解析此处表示“此外，而且”，应用besides。beside在……旁边。答案Beside→Besides

(5)(改错)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car.

解析“一段时间＋later”表示多长时间之后，是固定用法。答案late→later

三、形容词和副词的比较等级

【注意】

(1)有少数人几个双音节词以及以-er和-le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。

common→commoner/more common→commonest/most common

clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever

simple→simpler/more simple→simplest/most simple

(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，故没有比较级和最高级。如：right 正确的，wrong 错误的，excellent 最好的，favorite 最喜欢的，final 最后的，last 最后的，possible 可能的，first 第一的，east 东方的，empty 空的，wooden 木制的，impossible 不可能的。

3.形容词、副词比较等级基本用法

【特别注意】

(1)比较级的修饰语：even, much, a lot, a bit, a little, still, far, yet, any, no, a great deal等。

[例句1]Are you feeling any better now ?

你现在感觉好点了吗？

[例句2]My brother reads far more books than I.

我哥哥读的书比我多得多。

(2)最高级的修饰语：序数词, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quiet, nothing like等。[例句3]Hainan Island is China's second largest island.

海南岛是中国第二大岛。

[例句4]This is by far the best movie that I have ever seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

(3)用比较级表示最高级，比较的对象不能相互包容，常见的句型是：

【典型例题】

1.The more he talked, the angrier(angry) he became.

2.This film is more interesting(interest) than any other one that I have ever seen.

3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years ________ (long) than non-runners.

解析考查副词的比较等级。句中的than是比较级的标志，故填long的比较级longer。

4.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)That makes her baby scream，and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the ________ (loud) of all.

解析考查副词的比较等级。由空前的the以及空后的all可知要用最高级。答案loudest

5.(改错)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I felt happily that their life had improved.

解析本句中felt是系动词，意为“觉得”，后面应用形容词作表语，故将happily改为happy。

四、通过倍数的修饰来表示比较意义的句式

1．...倍数＋as＋原级＋as...

[例句1]Your school is three times as big as ours.

你们的学校是我们学校的三倍大。/你们的学校比我们学校大两倍。

2．...倍数＋比较级＋than...

[例句2]Your school is three times bigger than ours.

你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大。/你们的学校比我们学校大三倍。

3．...倍数＋the size (height，width, length, etc.) of...

[例句3]Your school is three times the size of ours.

你们的学校是我们学校的三倍大。/你们的学校比我们学校大两倍。

4．倍数＋what从句

[例句4]Our average income is almost five times what we earned five years ago.

我们现在的平均收入几乎是五年前的五倍。

5．比较级＋than...＋by＋倍数

[例句5]The population of this city is larger than that of our city by three times.

这座城市的人口比我们市的人口多三倍。

【专题训练】

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．As ________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

解析修饰名词architects，应用形容词形式。故填natural。答案natural

2．Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very ________ (care) mother.

解析空格处修饰名词mother，故用形容词。care的形容词是caring(关心他人的)或careful(细心的)。在此，两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通。答案careful /caring

3．The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.

解析根据句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词。答案officially

4．As night fell，we became ________ (increase) worried.

解析此处应用副词increasingly(越来越，渐增地)来修饰形容词worried。答案increasingly 5．Staying ________ (health) while traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.

解析句意为：在旅行的过程中保持健康有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快。stay为系动词，意为“保持”，其后常接形容词作表语。故填healthy。答案healthy

6．We felt safe for the next half-hour so we decided to go even ______(far)．

解析据该句中的“even”可判断，此处表示“我们决定走得更远一点”，故用far的比较级farther /further 7．The more support you win from others，the ________(fast) you will move toward your goal.

解析句意：你赢得别人的支持越多，就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。因此，设空处应用比较级。故填faster。答案faster 8．But that didn't prevent the boy from becoming one of the ________ (great) composers of all time.

解析根据oneof可知是表示“最……之一”，应用最高级。故填greatest。答案greatest

9．The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ________ (early)．

解析句意：这组新到的学生比那组较早待在这儿的学生行为举止好得多。由than可知，此句含有比较意味，在两者之间进行比较，故定语从句中也要用比较级形式，所给副词early的比较级为earlier。10．If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of________ (great) and less importance.

解析本空所填之词与less是并列关系，应用比较级形式。故填greater。答案greater

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music and collecting the late music albums.

解析名词kinds前需要形容词来修饰，因此把名词difference改为形容词different；指“收集最新的音乐专辑”，故将late改为latest。答案difference→different；late→latest

2．At one time，I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.

解析系动词be后应用形容词来表语，be free from“摆脱……的；不受……影响的”。答案freely→free 3．It is clear shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems.

解析修饰过去分词shown，要用副词clearly“清晰地”。答案clear→clearly

4．However，it seems that there are still some people not full aware of it.__ ______________

解析修饰形容词aware，应用副词，故用fully。答案full→fully

5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，which is on the rooftop of their house.

解析因为是描述主语they，指“人”的心理状态，故用interes ted“对……感兴趣的”。6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.

解析此处没有比较的含义，所以用early的原级。答案earlier→early

7．Is it necessary to practice handwriting? Some students consider handwriting least important than before. 解析由句中的than可知应用important的比较级形式，故将least改为less。答案least→less 8．The dishes that I cooked were Mom's favoritest.

解析句意：我做的菜是妈妈的最爱。favorite用作形容词，意为“最喜爱的”，用作名词时意为“最喜爱的人(或事物)”。该词本身已包含最高级的含义，没有比较级或最高级。答案favoritest→favorite 9．What's bad, the driver's information might be unreliable.

解析what's worse“更糟糕的是”，是固定搭配。答案bad→worse

10．In my opinion，success lies in a series of goals. However, we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams.

解析根据语境可知，此处前后句之间为因果关系，故应用Therefore。答案However→Therefore Ⅲ.语法填空

Visitors to Britain may find the 1.________(good) place to enjoy local culture is in a 2.________ (tradition) pub. A team of researchers have revealed some of the 3.________(know) culture of British pubs—starting with the difficulty of getting a drink. This may sound 4.________(convenient), but there is a 5.________(hide) meaning.

Pub culture is formed to improve sociability in a society that is known for its coldness. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others who are waiting to be served. The bar counter is 6.________(possible) the only place in Britain where a 7.________(friend) talk with strangers is considered to be 8.________(entire) proper and really quite normal behavior. 9.________，if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks. Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry 10.________(much) than a group of strangers blocking all passages to the bar while they chat hesitantly about what to order. 1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4．________ 5.________ 6.________

7．________8.________9.________ 10．________

答案与解析【语篇解读】本文讲述的是若想享受英国文化，最好的去处是酒吧。

1．best考查形容词的最高级。据语境可知，此处指出了一定的范围，即“在英国”，应填最高级best。2．traditional考查词性转换之名词变形容词。分析句子成分可知，此处应该填一个形容词作定语，修饰名词pub，所以填提示词的形容词形式traditional。

3．unknown考查词性转换之动词变形容词。根据上文中的“revealed”(揭示)可知，此处应该表示“不为人知的”，因此填形容词形式unknown，在句中作定语。

4．inconvenient考查词形转换。根据语境可知此处填写convenient的反义词，在句中作表语。5．hidden考查分词形容词。此处为分词形容词作定语修饰名词meaning，且表被动，故填hidden。6．possibly考查词性转换之形容词变副词。此处在句中作状语，应该填提示词的副词形式possibly。7．friendly考查词性转换之名词变形容词。根据语境“与陌生人之间的友好交谈”可知，此处在句中作定语，填提示词的形容词形式friendly。

8．entirely考查词性转换之形容词变副词。此处在句中作状语，修饰形容词proper，故填副词entirely。9．However考查副词。根据语境可知，上下文之间为转折关系，且空格处用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，所以填表示转折关系的副词However。

10．more考查副词的比较级。根据后面的than可知，此处填提示词的比较级形式more。

Ⅳ.短文改错

Hi, Leslie! I suggest that you should to take the CRH train for travelling around China. It has lots of different line, so it will be very convenient for you to travelling wherever you want to. The CRH trains are spacious, comfortable but can run at a top speed of 350 km per hour. They are seldom delaying and can guarantee the safe of travelers. You can get tickets through much ways, such as by phone, through Internet, or by a self-service ticket machine. Besides, the prices of tickets is usually reasonable. The CRH train offers first-class services to passengers. You will certain enjoy a good journey by train.

答案与解析

Hi, Leslie! I suggest that you should take the CRH train for travelling around China. It has lots

of different line

②lines ，so it will be very convenient for you to travelling

③travel

wherever you want to. The CRH

trains are spacious, comfortable but

④and

can run at a top speed of 350 km per hour. They are seldom

delaying ⑤delayed and can guarantee the safe

⑥safety

of travelers. You can get tickets through much

⑦many

ways, such as by

phone, through ∧

⑧the Internet, or by a self-service ticket machine. Besides, the prices of tickets is

⑨are

usually reasonable. The CRH train offers first-class services to passengers. You will certain

⑩certainly

enjoy a good journey by train.

①考查情态动词。情态动词后面直接接动词原形，所以删除to。

②考查名词的单复数。line“线路”，是可数名词，此处应用复数形式。

③考查非谓语动词。句子“it will be very convenient for you to travel wherever you want to”中不定式作真正的主语，其中wherever you want to作状语从句。

④考查连词。CRH火车宽敞舒适，且最高时速可以达到每小时350公里。

⑤考查被动语态。此处指火车延误，所以要用被动语态。

⑥考查名词。此处该用名词。safe的名词为safety。

⑦考查形容词。ways是可数名词，修饰可数名词应该用many。

⑧考查冠词。the Internet表示“互联网”。

⑨考查主谓一致。此句的主语是the prices，所以谓语要用are而不是is。

⑩考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词enjoy，所以要用副词，certain的副词是certainly。