初中英语语法：一般现在时
一般现在时讲解和练习
一、定义：一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格
和能力。
例：（ 1） .表示事物或人物的特征、状态。The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。
2） .表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。
3） .表示客观现实。 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
二、一般现在时常用时间状语、时间副词
in the morning/afternoon/evening
every week (day, year, month?)
on Sundays (Monday, Tuesday?)
at night, once a week,.
always 总是 , usually 通常 , often 经常 , sometimes 有时 , never 从不
三、用法：
1．肯定句：
?p ?]娀z 紀v 1）句中有 be（am，is， are）和情态动词时，
be 动词时，主语是 I 时要用 am，主语是 you 时要用 are，其他用 is。
② 是情态动词时，后面的动词用原型
③例： I am a student.
You are very beautiful.
She is my best friend.
He can do his homework by himself.
（2）没有be（am，is, are）动词和情态动词：
主语为第三人称单数（ she ,he ,it ）、单数可数名词、不可数名词的，动词要按规则
加上 s 或 es；主语是复数可数名词的肯定句，动词用原形。
例：① She（ He, It ） likes fish.她（他，它）喜欢鱼。（主语为第三人称单数）
② The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。(主语为单数可数名词 )
③ Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.水在 100 度沸腾。（主语为不可数名词）
They go to school every day . 他们每天都去上学。（主语是复数可数名词的，动词用原形）
注意的问题：第三人称单数以及第三人称单数时动词的变化规则
在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加 -s 或 -es。但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚，
现归纳总结如下：
1、人称代词he, she, it 是第三人称单数。如：
He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。
She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。
It looks like a cat.它看起来像只猫。
2、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如：
①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。
② Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。
③ Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。
3、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+ 单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：
A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
② This book is yours. 这本书是你的。
①That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。
④ The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。
4、不定代词 someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等及指示代词 this, that 作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：
（Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。
②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。
③ This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。
④ That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。
5、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如：
The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。
② The bread is very small. 那面包很小。
6、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如：
"6" is a lucky number. "6" 是个吉利数字。
② "I" is a letter. "I" 是个字母。
动词 +s 的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如： cook-cooks, make-makes
runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs 2．以 s. x. sh. ch.o 结尾，加 -es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以―辅音字母 +y ‖结尾，变y 为 i, 再加 -es，如： study-studies
方法与发音：
1.一般情况下，直接加-s
eg. works， plays, rains, sees
2.以 sh, ch, s, x 或 o 结尾的词后加
–es
eg. washes, teaches, fixes, does, goes
3.以辅音字母加 -y 结尾的，先把 ?y‘改成 ?i ‘再,加 -es
eg. studies, flies, carries
注意 : 动词加-s 以后的读音 .
动词加 -s 后的读音1.在 [p] [t] [k] [f]等清辅音后，发清辅音/s/
eg. helps, works, likes, hates ,laughs
2.在浊辅音和元音后，发浊辅音/z/
eg. drives, cleans, plays
3.在 [s] [z] [t?]∫[d]?][后，发/iz/
rises, wishes, teaches, urges
4.在 [t] [d] 后，发/ts//dz/
eg. fits, sets, needs
其他情况下发 [z]
eg. plans, cries, shows
练习 1
1． Jenny _____ in an office. Her parents _____in a hospital.
A work; works
B works; work
C work; are working
D is working;
work 2． One of the boys_______ a black hat. A have B there is C
there are D has
3． Wang Mei ______ music and often ______ to music.
A like; listen
B likes; listens
C like; are listening
D liking ; listen
①Jenny______ English every evening.
A has study
B studies
C study
D studied
①The teachers ________(speak) English in class.
①The teacher ________(speak) English in class.
2.否定句：
(1) 句中有 be 动词 (am , is , are )或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 时，否定句在 be 动词和情态动词后加not，
I am not a teacher. He can not fly .
(2) 句中没有 be 动词 (am , is , are )或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句，在动词原形前加 does + not (doesn ‘。t)
He doesn ‘ t like cats.
(3) 句中没有be 动词 (am , is , are ) 或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 时，主语为复数可数名词的否定句，在动词原形前加do + not (don ‘。t)
They don ‘ t go to school on Sundays.
练习 2
1. The cat _________(not like) you.
2.Brian(not live) in China.
3.The picture ______ nice.
A. don ‘ t look
B. is looked
C. doesn‘ t look
D. is looking
I have many books.( 改为否定句） _________________________
5.厦门不下雪。 __________________________________________
6.她不看新闻。 __________________________________________
7.我妈妈不喜欢吃肉 ______________________________________
3．疑问句：
(1)句中有 be 动词 (am , is , are )或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 时，一般疑问句将 be 动词或情态动词放在句首。
由肯定句变为一般疑问句的步骤：
. 把 be 动词（ am , is , are ）或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 提前。
② .大写和小写的转换，句首的第一个字母要大写。
③ .句末要加问号。
例：肯定句： She is a student . 疑问句： Is she a student ?
肯定句 : He can swim.疑问句：Can he swim? .
疑问句的回答：用什么问就用什么来回答。
Is she a student ? Yes, she is . No， she isn‘ t.
Can you swim?Yes, I can .Yes, I can‘ t.
(2) 句中如果没有be 动词 (am , is , are )或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 时，主语为第三人称单数
（ she ,he ,it ）、单数可数名词、不可数名词的疑问句要用 does 来提问。即在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形
例：— Does he like Chinese? 他喜欢汉语吗？—Yes, he does.是的，他喜欢(汉语 )。
— Does a dog eat meat? 狗吃肉吗？—No, it doesn‘不t.，它不吃(肉)。
句中如果没有 be 动词 (am , is , are )或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 时，主语为复数可数名词
的疑问句要用 do 来提问。
Do you like monkeys? No, we don‘ t.
Do students study Englsih ? Yes , they do.
同时还要注意在肯定句变成否定句时，若是遇 I/we →you, my→your. Some→any.句号→ 问号（？）
Does your cat eat any fruits?你的猫吃水果吗?
练习 3
1.________she ________ (do) the housework every day?
2. Does Jenny(has) a good friend?
Yes, she _______. (have) No. she _________. (not have)
3. ________ you study English at school?
Yes, I ____ (do).
No, she______ (do)
5. She lives in a small town near New York.
(改为一般疑问句）____________________________________________________
6.我每天都必须来吗？_________________________________________________
7.你爸爸每天早上都看报纸吗？__________________________________________
4.特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词+ am/is/are +相应的人称/+其他
do+人称+动词原形+其他
What/Where/Who/When/Which/why/how/whose? + am/is/are +相应的人称/名词+其他
What/Where/Who/When/Which/why/how/whose? + do/does +相应的人称/名词+动词原形+其他
Who are you? 你是谁？
Why is your mother so busy?
你妈妈为什么这么忙？
How are you? /is your dad?你好吗?你爸好吗？
What does he do everyday?
他每天做什么？
When does your father go to work every day?
你爸爸每天什么时候去上班？
Who studies very hard in our class?
我们班谁学习非常努力？
Which computer games do you like?
你喜欢那种电脑游戏？
练习题 4
Where ___you___ (have) lunch every day?
Who_____( 想要 )to go swimming?
Why _____ Tom absent today? (be)
I often play football on Friday afternoon? 就划线部分提问
________________________________________________
Lily waters the flowers everyday.
________________________________________________
6.为什么她每天都那么早去上学？
________________________________________________
7.他带的是谁的眼镜？
________________________________________________
课后巩固练习题（完成时间：20 分钟）
一、按照要求改写句子
1． This is my pencil ? ( 变一般疑问句 )
2. These red socks are Kate变一‘般疑s.问(句)
3. I want to buy a big green bag . ( 变特殊疑问句)
4. Mary does not have any books . ( 变肯定句 )
5. The clothing shop is on sale . (变为否定句 )
6. She likes the black bag very much . (变为否定句 )
7. I buy the pants for only 50 Yuan. ( 用 she 改写句子 )
8. It‘ s an English dictionary对.画(线部分提问)
9. Lily and Lucy are fifteen years old now . (对画线部分提问)
10. Her dog is 2 years and 5 months old . ( 变为否定句 )
11. I usually get up at seven o用‘heclock改写句.(子)
12. He often has hamburger and apples for dinner . ( 变为一般疑问句)
13. My family always like thrillers . (对画线部分提问)
14. Jane‘ s sister wants to see the comedy . (变为一般疑问句)
15. Maria and Jack come to this school on Monday .( 对画线部分提问)
二、完成句子
1.他每天六点钟起床。He ___________ _______ six every morning.
2.小明经常去远足。Xiao Ming_________ ________ hiking.
3.她总是在星期天看望爷爷奶奶。 She _______ __________her grandparents on Sundays.
4.Sandy 周末上学吗？ _______ Sandy _______ _______school on weekends?
5.他什么时候去上班？ When ________ he go to ________?
6.李云喜欢秋天，不喜欢冬天。Li Yun _________ autumn, but he _________ like winter.
7.今天的天气怎么样？ What‘ s the _________ like ________?
8.她有电脑吗？ ___________ she __________ a computer?
9.Sue 有一本有趣的故事书。Sue ________ _______ an _________ ________ book.
三、 be 动词填空。
1.________you Li Fen ? No, ________not .
2. ________ Mr. green very busy? Yes , he ________.
①He must ________ at home .
①Comedy ________ very interesting .
5.What ________ class you in ?
6.You and I ________ good friends .
7.His friends________very funny .
8.The twins ________ very happy because they want to go to a movie .
9.Our class________big , but their class ________ small .
10. The basketball club________exciting and fun .
四．用所给动词的适当形式填空。
My classmate ________ (know) the man on the bike .
His sister usually ________ (go) to school at 7:00 am .
Lin Tao ________ (like) his new sweater .
Let me ________ (have) a look .
Let ‘ s ________ (play) tennis !
he ________ (like) English ?
I want ________ (go) to a movie .
8. He ________ (not know)the teacher‘ s name .
9.Nice ________ (meet) you !
10.Can I ________ (ask) the policeman ?
11.________ (sit) down and ________ (have) a cup of tea .
12.________ (not look) at your book !
13.you ________ (can see)the bananas on the table ?
14.I need ________ (buy ) some new clothes .
15.She likes ________ (play) chess .
英语冷笑话（二）
Money doesn't grow on trees. But it grows at our branches. ( 某银行广告 )
Child: Mummy, can I get out to play?
Mother: With those holes in your trousers?
Child: No, with the girl next door.
谐音“笑”果
A bicycle can't stand on its own because it is two-tyred. (too tired)