高中英语 动名词的形式及句法功能

动名词的形式及句法功能
1.动名词的形式： 否定式：not+动名词
1）一般式： Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
4）否定式：not+动名词 I regret not following his advice.我后悔没听他的劝告。
5）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词
He suggested our trying it once again.他建议我们再试一次。
__His___ ____not____ ____knowing_____(know)English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能：
1）作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。
2）作表语： In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
3）作宾语： 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid，excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’thelp, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent...(from),keep ...from, stop...(from）,protect...from, set about, be engaged in, spend...(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
4）作定语： 通常表示用途
He can’t walk without a walking stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school?你们学校有游泳池吗？

动名词的复合结构：
由形容词性的物主代词/名词所有格+动名词构=动名词的复合结构，在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语等。物主代词和名词所有格是动名词的逻辑主语。
Do you mind my/me smoking here?
I insisted on my husband/husband’s paying the bill.
在口语中，动名词的复合结构如果作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格形式，名词所有格常用名词的普通格来代替：
I wonder, Mr. Adams, if you’d mind us asking a few questions.
I can’t imagine Mary marrying such a young man. 我很难想象玛丽嫁给这样一个年轻人。
如果动名词的复合结构在句首，就必须用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格。如：
His smoking caused the fire in the forest.
there be的动名词的复合结构为there being如：
What’s the chance of there being a rain tomorrow?
动名词做主语的句型
1) It is /was a waste of doing, It is /was worthwhile/worth one’s while doing
It is/was no(little) good /use /fun/a?great?pleasure?+v –ing
　It?is?no?use?crying.哭没有用。It?is?no?good?objecting.反对也没有用。 It?is?a?great?fun?playing?football.打篮球很有趣。
2)The

re?is?no?+?doing…（there?is?no?表“不可能”）
　There?is?no?telling?what?he?is?going?to?do.说出他要干什么是不可能的。
There’s no telling what will happen .
=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .
= No one can tell what will happen .
no way
no sense in
3) There is/was no point in + -ing
no use/good (in)
nothing worse than

There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单替:trouble ,
problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time。
4）Doing…+?v.? Reading?is?an?art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing?is?believing.眼见为实。
注意：
1．动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。
The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。
This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读。
The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究?
2.do+限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，表示“做…事”之意，
如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon?
3.动词allow, permit, forbid, advise等后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用不定式作宾补。例如：Time doesn’t permit my waiting longer.
We don’t permit smoking in the lecture room. 我们不允许在大教室抽烟。
We don’t permit people to smoke in the lecture room. 我们不允许人们在大教室抽烟。
动名词和不定式结构在意义上的区别：
动名词表示一般习惯，抽象概念，用于描述发生在主要动词之前的行为，不定式表示具体的或特定的动作，用于描述发生在主要动词之后的行为。
Playing with fire is dangerous. (泛指玩火)
To play with fire is dangerous. (指这一具体动作)
常见的带介词to的短语：
be used to 习惯 be related to 与……有关 get down to 着手做 contribute to 贡献 put one’s mind to?全神贯注于 give rise to 引起
be equal to 胜任 devote oneself to 献身于 lead to 导致 be opposed to 反对
look forward to 盼望 object to 反对stick to? 坚持 pay attention to 注意
（1）介词后一定要加动词的-ing 形式；
（2）跟在名词后面做定语时， 一般不用having done/ having been done 结构
（3）放在句首做主语 ， 一般用动词的ing 和to do …