同义词替换和长难句

托福强化

钱薇

词义题历年真题

precarious:uncertain settled:stable chronicle:describe link:connection diverse:different noted:observed emphasize:stress accordingly:consequently strain:stress favored:preferred probe:explore load:weight account for:explain ornate:elaborate derive from:base on primarily:chiefly prevailing:dominant vast:great undergo:experience scurrying:rushing intent:purpose cluster:group formidable:difficult agents:causes synonymous with:equivalent with estimate:judge laborious:difficult surge:sharp increase obscure:unclear display:exhibit prolific:fruitful precise:accurate exercise:utilize marked:noticeable confine:restrict sustain:support demise:death ultimately:eventually constant:consistent attaine:achieve yet:sofar attest to:give evidence of rudimentary:basic biting:sharp heighten:increase meticulous:careful pry off:remove strikingly:noticeably carry on:conduct necessitate:require facilitate:enable realization:recognition thriving:flourishing sweep:extend contemporary:current clue:indication envelope:surround indeterminate:uncertain by virtue of:because of tend:care for provisioning:supplying dominant:common shatter:break apart durable:strong exert:put imitation:copying primitive:undeveloped supplant:replace barter:exchange yield:produce intriguing:fascinating rather than:instead of forage:search for food compelling:forceful enhancement:improvement furnish:provide revitalize:bring life to allay:reduce testimony:evidence hardiest:most vigorous framework:structure prolong:extend encounter:meet oversaw:supervised deliver:present boast:take pride in version:form customary:usual significance:importance counter:overcome probe:explore incise:cut extracting:removing strength:basis surging:accelerating trend:tendency peak:maximum prior to:preceding advocate:proponent maintain:preserve considerable:substantial enactment:performance staggering:overwhelming devastate:ruin extend:stretch spark:bring about potential:possible supplant:replace ascending:climbing solemn:serious scores:music composition margin:edge bias:prejudice prevailing:frequent relate:connect forward-looking:progressive subsidize:finance rotate:alternate implements:tools clue:information hemisphere:side subject to:susceptible to bizarre:odd homogeneous:uniform subtle:slight raw:umprocessed prospect:possibility roughly:approximately magnify:increase fused:combined lure:attract discrete:separate inevitable:unavoidable lament:complain about

noble:innovative vessel:craft coin:create intervention:influence outlining:summarizing deliberate:careful imitate:copy inclination:preference cumbersome:burdensome confine:limit frame:pose sanitation:health speculate:hypothesize alternative:option imposing:demanding penetrate:go through barren:infertile hard:firm durable:long-lasting dwelling:houses bound:limit carry:support setting:establishing ushering:beginning omains:fields fundamental:basic preside over:manage celestial:astronomical entities:objects tolerate:endure obtain:get stimulate:encourage dictate:determine witness:observe conserve:retain readily:easily pits:holes stories:levels dispute:argument realization:awareness refreshing:unusual devote:dedicated detectable:measurable noxious:harmful adversely:negatively expose:uncover trace:imprint exalted:superior assortment:variety skepticism:doubt obvious:apparent major:principal herald:announce gap:opening attire:clothing adorn:decorate assembling:gathering bound:tied exceed:surpass astounding:surprising customarily:usually induce:cause remarkable:extraordinary intricate:complex initially:at first cohesion:unity consumption:eating calculate:determined cease:stop prominent:distinguished afforded:provided dense:thick properties:characteristics appeal:attraction spawn:create core:centre jolting:shocking milestone:significant development dogma:belief spotting:identifying protrude:project shield:protect daring:bold booste:raise pores:holes yield:provide adhere:stick inviting:attractive rear:raise scale:climb immunity:protection embrace:welcome proponent:sopporter modify:change rapidity:swiftness undergo:experience consort:associate draw:attract fashion:create article:object staple:basic element contemporary:existing attendant:accompanying essential:fundamental revise:change struggle:competition monopolize:dominate disseminate:spread reliance:dependence picture:imagine influx:arrival extraordinary:exceptional era:period of time conclusive:definitive apparent:evident preoccupation:involvement reckless:irresponsible skyrocketing:increasing extolling:praising establish:create reap:gain stress:emphasize interchangeable:equivalent adjunct:addition classified:categorized securing:locking rushing:rapid hinterland:region persist:continue suspend:hang fatal:deadly sort out:separate

dampen:moisten fine:tiny derive:obtain typify:characterize contemporary:written at the same time celebratory:full of praise representative:typical prized:valued overtaken:surpassed intervals:period freeing:releasing plunge:drop tangle:twistd together avail themselves:make use ponderous:heavy meticulously:carefully innovative:new scorched:burned exceed:go beyond attain:achieve intent:goal administer:manage inception:beginning fabricating:constructing ingenuity:resourcefulness characteristics:quality functional:usable significant:meaningful flamed:burned encompass:include come to the forefront:became important expendable:nonessential intricate:complex random:unpredictable optimal:best urge:encourage convergence:together diverse:varied ensure:guarantee resemble:look like scarce:rare coarse:crude brittle:easily broken merely:only emitting:producing spanning:cover intensive:concentrated assumption:belief depict:describe foremost:leading meteoric:rapid apace with:as fast as wider:extensive rotting:decaying bound:held antecedent:predecessor appealing:attractive boost:raised scope:extent prolific:productive engage:hire subsequent:later sums:amounts identical:exactly alike heart:center graphic:vivid favored:preferred integral:fundamental flourish:thrive grumble:complain serve:function detect:find sedentary:inactive subject:expose essence:basic nature

词义题OG真题

precious:valuable expose:visible propulsion:move forward threaten:endanger delicate:fragile devoid of:lack in progressively:increasingly readily:easily assistance:help expand:enlarge inevitable:unavoidable gratify:satisfy distort:misinterpret disrupt:upset spearhead:lead enhance:improve sophisticated:complex channel:direct immeasurably:greatly inclination:tendency concept:idea despondent:unhappy concur:agree rate:judge relevant:applicable relatively:comparatively relics:remains seeps:flow slowly

长难句

1.It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns,devising creative solutions,and making

trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed.

2.By sitting on all the college’s boards and committees and by joining with NUS nationally,the

Students’ Union aims to represent your interests as student and,when necessary,fight for your

rights and welfare.

3.First established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788,it is a modern cosmopolitan

city that has developed into one of the nation’s major industrial ,business,and manufacturing centres.

4.Several countries,including Indonesia,Thailand and Philippines,are expected to demonstrate

high rates of growth in demand for power,an encouraging situation for those countries quick enough to develop and commercialize fuel cell technology.

5.Expeditioners heading south were issued with pamphlets listing five-letter codes covering

almost every conceivable situation so they could communicate with families and still keep within strict”word limit” during their year on base.

6.However,assuming the build uo of green house gases is responsible ,and that the warming will

continue ,scientists---and inhabitants of low-lying coastal areas ---would like to know the extent of future sea level rises.

7.Reformers in the Northern states put so much pressure upon the Congress not to extend

slavery to territories destined for statehood that some of the southern states wanted to secede from the United States.

8.The conquering Europeans displaced the Aborigines ,killing many,depriving others from their

traditional tribal lands ,and eventually settling many of the tribal remnants on government reserves ,where flour and beef replaced nardoo and wallaby as staple foods.

9.Another kind of signaling,used by the North American Indians ,was done by covering a

smoky fire with a hide or blanket which was withdrawn for an instant and then put back ,letting a puff of smoke escape.

10.But the oceans are not one-dimensional,and recent work done by oceangraphers ,using a new

model which takes into account a number of subtle facets of the sea ---including vast and complex ocean currents ---suggest that the rise in sea level may be less than some earlier estimates had predicted.

11.They also bring together in one display a group of objects drawn from various parts of the

museum in an effort to represent the whole lifestyle of a region or a historical period.

12.Graphic descriptions of deformed fish and thinning populations,particularly in the Baltic Sea

where old pulp mills had discharged untreated effluents for 100 years ,have disturbed the internationl community.

13.Fresh outbreaks or coral bleaching---which occurs when rising tenperature cause polyps to

discard the tiny algae that give reefs their colours and which is linked by some scientists to the greenhouse effect,are being recorded.

14.And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened

by the simple mindedness---as he sees it ----of citizens ,social workers,doctors,law-makers,and judges,who, instead of eliminating crimes ,punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.

15.The national characteristics of equality and informality are reflected in Australian

humor ,much of which is directed against those people who give the impression that they consider themselves superior.

16.A breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun foe the European Economic

Community could be brought forward by up to two decades,if an modest increase could be provided in the EEC’s research effort in this field ,according to the senior EEC scientists

engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC’s scientific laboratories at Ispra ,near Milan. 17.Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them,it was

the success they were achieving in solving the problem , in mastering the skilll ,and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

18.Most commercial tile cleaners do more harm than good because they contain chlorine,a

serious irritant to nose ,eyes,and skin and one of the most dangerous chemicals found in Australian sewers.

19.On the other hand ,they should not be swayed by the glamour of some professions,such as

medicine and law ,when they would be far happier in, say ,engineering ---a discipline which has suffered an image problem but which has strong openings and very satisfying career prospects.

20.The best evidence for the layered mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks

found on oceanic islands ,islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle ,are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system,whose source,most geologists contend, is the upper mantle.

21.In the face of this critique ,the traditional notion of culture ---that it was a weighty set of

traditions compelling individuals to act in certain ways ----gave way to a conception of the constant production of cultures through continual human action ---people working with their hands and minds -----in response to the material conditions of everyday life.

22.Yet,Walzer’s argument ,however deficient ,dose point to one of the most serious weaknesses

of capitalism---namely,that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards ,often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.

23.By studying the primitive visual systems of single-cell aquatic organisms,biophysicists have

discovered a striking similarity between algae and cows ,a similarity that indicates the common evolutionary origin of plants and animal:both algae and cows produce a light-sensitive protein called rhodopsin.

24.The most typical rights procedure is adjudication ,in which disputants present evidence and

argument to a neutral third party who has the power to make a decision that must be followed by both disputants.

25.Since both light and rapid rail have electric engines,pollution is measures not from the motor

exhaust,but from the power plant generating electricity ,which is usually located outside the city,where air quality problems are less serious.

26.The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared

responsibilitiy between men and women,and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women,as well as for families and the community,if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life.

27.In earlier grades,the use of so-called token economies,in which students handle challenging

problems and receive performance based points toward valued rewards,shows promise in raising effort and creativity ,the Delaware psychologist claim.

28.When children understand that the light of the lightning flashing reaches their eyes almost at

the same moment,but the sound of the thunder takes about 5 seconds to travel just one mile,they can begin to time the interval between the flash and the crash to learn how close

they were to the actual spark.

29.Since 1986 when the Department of Labour began to allow fees of investment officers to be

based on the performance of the funds they manage,several corporations have begun paying their investment advisers a small basic fee ,with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well.

30.Even though the direct costs of malpractice disputes amounted to less than one percent of the

541 billion dollars the nation spent on health care last year ,doctors say fear of lawsuits plays

a majoe role in health-care inflation.

31.The question of whether to divest themselves of stock in companies that to business in South

Africa is particularly troublesome for the nation’s 116 private Black colleges because their economic bases are often more fragile than those of most predominant White colleges.

32.A representative of the Women’s Bureau of the United States Department of Labor contends

that employers who offer benefits that permit employees to balance the responsibilities of home and work better will realize gains in attendance,recruiting,and retention.

33.However much is known about causes and consequences at the molecular level ,and in spite

of an enormous accumulation of chemical and morphological data on embryos of various kinds ,our understanding of how genes control morphogenesis is still far from complete.

34.Already,waste paper constitutes 70percent of paper used for packaging and advances in the

technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper.

35.Undoubtedly,the native raspberry,for example,could ,with suitable selection and breeding

program ,be made to yield a high-class fruit ;but Australians already enjoy good raspberries from other areas of the world and unless some dedicated amateur plant breeder takes up the task,the Australian raspberries are likely to remain unimproved.

36.Conventional models of sea-level rise have considered that this is the only method,but

measurements have shown that the rate of heat transfer into the ocean by vertical diffusion is far lower in practice than the figures that many modelers have adopted.

37.Art galleries,pubs,and restaurants abound in the cosy streets that tend to be quite narrow,

whereas the suburbs surrounding the city’s colleges and universities consist mainly of family homes and multiunit blocks-an ideal situation for students looking for a home-stay,or to rent.

38.Despite protests from some waste-disposal companies ,health officials have ordered that the

levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches be measured and the results published.

39.A new study proposes a significant increase in the capacity of towns and cities through a

combination of increased housing densities ,lower on-plot provisions for cars and more on-street parking ,and the reuse of marginal open space that is “devoid of any amenity value”.

40.And so today,as the choice of which food plants to cultivate in Australia has been largely

decided ,and as there is little chance of being lost for long periods in the bush,our interest in the subject of Australian food plants tends to relate to natural history rather than to practical necessity.

41.Only Germany,with incentives to business to encourage the employment of older people ,and

France ,with the introduction of legislation making it illegal to use age barriers in recruitment ---or to make employees redundant because of their age ---have done anything substantive to combat age discrimination.

42.Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals,and in doing so ensured

their survival ,by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to thart environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.

43.The only way I know of dealing with this general human conceit is to remind ourselves that

man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, and as we know ,other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to oueselves as we are to jellyfish.

44.The temperature of the exhaust gases is well above 500 degrees,meaning that solid oxide fuel

cells are very attractive for electricity and heat generation as ,in addition to supplying electricity ,the leftover amounts of heat created during the process could be used to produce heat for industries ,provide hot water supplies or warm buildings.

45.The convergence of those two growing trends---dropping out and logging on ---exacerbates

the serious consequences of a drop in political involvement and a rise in social isolation. 46.The rapid movement of women into the workforce is often cited,incorrectly,I believe,as the

primary reason for the drop in participation,because they are no longer free to volunteer for community activities or school meetings.

47.Because the summer time-work of scientists tends to capture the public’s imagination ,with

revelations about the ozone hole or whale numbers,people tend to overlook the efforts of the

20 or so winterers at each base ----mostly tradespeople -----who keep the bases going long

after the boffins(research scientists)have migrated to warmer climate.

48.If ,as some as yet unconfirmed data suggest,even minimal exposure to asbestos may result in

disease,then clearly the report should have stated that the employment of asbestos was unacceptable in any form..

49.One of the most important aspects of these European cities,in terms of giving cities back to

the children,has been a range of “traffic calming”initiatives,aimed at reducing the volume and speed of traffic.

50.The sight of Barney Clark---alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a mental

and plastic pump----convinced the press,the public and many doctors that the future had arrived.