英语阅读技巧
阅读理解题的题型特点与解题技巧
阅读理解是测试综合运用语言能力的一种主要题型，旨在考查考生在单位时间内阅读理解、获取信息的能力。该题要求考生具有良好的阅读心理、较快的阅读速度和良好的语感。阅读过程中，考生要善于利用上下文，获取关键信息，解决难点问题。
阅读理解采用的题材比较广泛，如科普知识、地理风貌、名人轶事、风土人情及幽默笑话等；体裁也多样化，如小故事、寓言、日记、情景会话、广告、通知、书信、记叙文、说明文、议论文等。因此，平时要注意各类文章的阅读训练。
阅读能力测试的主要要求是：
1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；
2、既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象概念；
3、既理解字面意思，也理想深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；
4、既理解整句、整段意思，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断；
5、既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。以上这些能力可简称为：
（1）中文意义理解能力；
（2）图表，细节领会、判断、计算能力；
（3）态度意图推断能力；
（4）总结结论能力；
（5）对单词及句子含义的推断能力。
一、题型特点
根据阅读能力测试要求，可把阅读理解的题型分为以下五种：
（一）对主题思想的理解
此类题目主要考查考生对文章的主题（subject）、中心思想（main idea）以及标题（title）的理解。在设计这种题目时，命题人常常用如下的问题：
①What's the main idea of the passage?
②The article is mainly about .
③Which is the best title of the passage？
④What would be the best title for the text？
（二）对细节问题的理解
此类题目要求考生对细节问题，如人物、时间、地点、事情的起因、过程及结局等进行仔细的分析与研究。这类考题可以是比较直接的，考生理解了字面意义就可以答题，也可能是比较间接的，考生通过归纳、综合或推理才能答题。在设计这种命题时，命题人常常用如下的题目：
①When did Alfred Butts first put his game on the market?(考查时间）
②According to the text,most Americans .(考查人物）
③The reason Father was in a hurry to get home was that he .(考查事情的起因）
（三）对作者意图的理解
此类考题主要考查考生对作者的写作意图、立场、态度、思想倾向以及感情基调能否作出正确理解基础上的推断。在设计这类问题时，命题人常用opinion、attitude、feel、suggestion、should、mean等词设计成如下问题：
①What's the writer's attitude towards ?
②The author probably feels that .
③What does the writer mean by saying……？
等等。
（四）对细节、段落及全文的综合理解
此类题目主要考查考生能否依据文章所提供的事实和信息作出正确的判断，合理的推论，以及恰如其分的评价能力。这种题型涉及面广，有时要对数据进行理解性的推算，或对文中未给出的事实作常识性的推断等。命题人常采用infer、conclude、learn from 等词设计成如下问题：
①We can infer from the text that…
②It can be informed from the text that…
③What can we learn from the passage?
④We can conclude from the passage that…
⑤People may come to the conclusion that…
（五）对词义的猜测与理解
这种题型要求考生根据上下文之间的联系去猜测与理解某个词、短语或句子的用法，这样的词可能是生词也可能是已经学过的词或旧词新义。
二、解题步骤
大部分考生在做阅读理解时，由于时间的关系，普遍存在的毛病是：低速做不完，快速易出错。因此掌握阅读理解题的解题技巧是很有必要的。一般说来，做阅读理解题常采用“整体——部分——整体”的三步做题法。
（一）通读全文，掌握大意，注意首句，确定思路
首先，集中精力，把短文快速阅读一遍。阅读时，即使遇到生词也不必惊慌，以免影响正常的思路及能力的发挥；也不要望而止步，徘徊不前。正确的方法是：跳过去暂时不考虑这个单词，或根据上下文进行猜测。只求尽快读完，对文章内容有个整体性基本了解。由于阅读理解是速度测验，最好第一遍阅读时就抓住主要信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件和主要情节，找出关键词。通读时，要特别注意文章的首句，因为首句有概括和预示全文大意的作用，也是判断文章体裁的突破口。如果是说明文，首句常常是文章的主题句；如果是记叙文，首句往往介绍文章的三要素：人物、时间、地点，也是了解全文的关键。因此，应首先根据首句给予的启示来了解全文的中心或故事梗概。
（二）明确要求、捕捉关键词、关键句
快速通读全文后，要吃透、准确理解题选项的要求，然后带着问题寻找关键词、关键句，并进行初选答案。在选择每个问题的答案时，可利用汉语对英语的正迁移作用，善于抓住段落大意和全文的中心思想，不要就词论词，就句论句。要从整体考虑，正确理解作者的大意，避免孤立地理解某一句，而做出错误选择。同时一定要根据作者的思想和意图来回答问题，注意作者的态度和语气，切不可根据个人的经验凭主观臆断选择。选择过程中不必强求一气呵成，不能立刻做出判断的可暂时放过，待大部分答案选出后，通过对文章理解的加深和前后照应，可能会找到一个“意外”的线索，从而确定该问题的答案。
（三）把好最后检查关
做好全部题目后，要仔细地再读一遍短文，逐一核对答案。这一步有助于理清思路，澄清一些模糊认识，注意各题答案是否前后照应。因为围绕一篇短文所设计的几个理解题目应该是相互关联的，因此各题的答案也应该相互照应，而不应自相矛盾，做阅读理解要充分注意的一点是利用题目之间的相互启示。短文后的三至五个测试题中必有一个是关键题，关键题答对了，则势如破竹；关键题答错了则会引起连锁反应，一错再错，全盘皆输。
三、解题技巧
（一）猜测词义
理解词义是最基本的阅读能力。不懂词义，也就谈不上理解文章，而且同一个词的意义，往往因上下文不同而改变。同时还常遇到一些没学过的词，这就要求学生要根据上下文，对词义进行猜测，猜词时须注意对上下文已知部分进行逻辑推理，必要时进行语法分析，有时还要靠常识和经验。例如：
It was a very hot summer Sunday.Most of the neighbours were indoors with their air conditioners(空调器）and colour TVs going on.Suddenly there was a power failure.After about half an hour,most houses had lost their pleasing coolness and people began to come outdoors in search of a gentle breeze.Before long,everyone was sharing all kinds of soft drinks and iced tea or coffee.Food began to appear;someone brought some small tables,and an impromptu block party developed.All around me,people were getting aquainted,and no one seemed to care that the power was still off.Nor did the spirit of the party die with the end of the evening.We have since organized a block football team and a number of clubs.Ever since that power failure,our neighbourhood has been a more pleasant place to live in.
1.The underlined word"inpromptu"probably means .
A.not arranged or prepared beforehand
B.well prepared
C.ready to accept
D.very popular
2.The underlined word"acquainted"refers to .
A.making familar
B.knowing each other
C.meeting with
https://www.360docs.net/doc/1f5030700.html,rming
以上两题可以根据上面介绍的猜词的方法来解答。
本文描述一个炎热的夏天的夜晚，突然停电，人们出来乘凉的情景。大家喝着饮料，拿出食物，搬出桌子，举行晚会。显然这种晚会是未经安排的，毫无准备而进行的。因此第一题的答案为A。再根据acquainted一词所在的上文得知：一般说来，大多数人都是在有空调器和电视的家里度过炎热的夜晚，暗示大家互不认识，而下文提到那一夜他们玩得很高兴，自此还组织了街区足球队和一些俱乐部。由此可推断出acquainted一词的意思是“结识”，与选项B同义，故第二题的答案为B。
（二）归纳主题思想
一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。不少文章一开始便展示出文章的主题，特别是新闻报道。第一小段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想。不少文章的中心思想贯穿在全文中，要弄清文章的中心思想，必须有归纳和概括等方面的能力。例如：Insects come in many sizes.Some are big and some are small.The smallest ones are so small that it takes one hundred of them to form one inch.The biggest insects are not big,but they are one thousand times as big as the smallest.They are about ten inches in length!
第一句即为主题句，概述本段的主题思想。即一开段就把要告诉读者的看法陈述出来：“昆虫的大小不同”，接着，作者为支持自己的这种看法，使读者信服，便指出昆虫有大、有小，并以最小的昆虫和最大的昆虫的大小比较，分别陈述在后面的句子中。
主题句一般意思比较概括，结构简单，其它句子必定是用来解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。有的主题句在段首，有的在段尾，有的暗含在段落中，考生应当正确理解作者提供的所有细节，形成初步印象，然后发挥自己的逻辑概括能力，归纳形成一般概念，找出主题句。
（三）提高阅读速度，准确理解文章细节的能力。
一篇文章确定了中心思想，还必须通过细节的描写来进一步解释或表达中心思想，例如：
Water is not only important but also is necessary to men,animals and plants.
Drinking is one of many uses of water.If we don't have any water for a few days,we are sure to die.
All livings must have water to keep themselves alive.If there is no water , plants can't grow,we can' get food.
Moreover,if there are rich water sources,we can use them to make power to run machines.
From above,we can see that life and civilization（文明）would be impossible without water.
这篇文章说明了水的重要性和必要性。首先写水与人的重要关系，再写水与动植物的重要关系，最后写水与社会文明的关系。条理清楚，语言简练。
细节的描写是文章的大部分篇幅，也是阅读过程中需要理解的主要内容，多数理解题是针对文章的细节而设计的，尽管题型多种多样，没有固定模式，但也有一些常见的题型。例如：
1.Which of the following statements is true(NOT true)according to the passage?
2.Which of the following is mentioned?
3.All the following statements are not true except .
4.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
5.Which of the drawings/maps/pictures gives the correct one?
（四）准确判断
在阅读过程中，常常要做出判断，近几年NMET阅读理解中都有这样的题目，正确的判断是进一步理解文章内容与深层含义的关键，进行判断时，要尽量考虑文中的全部信息或事实，并要真正理解他们，正确评价他们，然后做出合理判断。
“I would almost rather see you dead,”Robert S.Cassatt,a leading banker of Philadelphia shouted when his twenty-year-old eldest daughter announced that she wanted to become an artist.In the 19th century,playing at drawing or painting on dishes was all right for a young lady,but serious work in art was not.And when the young lady's father ranked（跻身于）among the best of Philadelphia's social families（社交界）,such an idea could not even be considered.
That was how Mary Cassatt,born in 1844,began her struggle as an artist.She did not tremble before her father's anger.Instead,she opposed him with courage and at last made him change his mind.Mary Cassatt gave up her social position and all thought of a husband and a family,which in those times was unthinkable for a young lady.In the end,after long years of hard work and perseverance,she became America's most important woman artist and the internationally recognized leading painter of the time.
What made Mary Cassatt's'struggle'become a recognized artist especially hard?
A.She was a woman.
B.Her father opposed her.
C.She had social position.
D.She did not come from an artist's family.
本文中Mary的父亲坚决反对她成为一名画家，究其原因是在那个时代女人是决不可能把绘画作为其事业的。为使自己成为一个大家公认的画家，Mary与这种旧的偏见和传统作了艰苦卓绝的斗争，并最终获得成功。虽然B、C、D选项都是正确的，但就其全部事实来讲，它们不是最佳答案，其最佳答案应是A，这才是文中全部事实所依赖的合理推断。
（五）逻辑推理
每一篇文章都有一定的写作目的，作者希望读者读了文章之后应当怎样去做某些事情或按某种方式思考问题。作者的这种目的往往隐含在文章之中，这就要求考生阅读时要认真阅读、仔细考虑、正确理解作者的言外之意。
要做出正确判断，必须注意以下四点：
1.仔细了解文中全部信息；
2.分析已知信息，用正确的观点捕捉到信息的本质，即正确理解文章寓意；
3.要注意词、句子的本意，还要注意与之有关的其它含义；
4.做出的判断必须与作者的原意相符，不要用自己的观点取代作者的原意。
这种推断，包括数据推断、常识推断、逻辑结论和推断作者的写作目的、态度、倾向等。例如：
House prices in England increased sharply between 1971 and 1972.The following records how much a house in Chelsea London,had risen in price since 1955:
Take No.29 Smith Terrace for example.In 1955,Jane Grey sold it for $ 2,000. Mrs Bowena Black bought it for $ 4,900 and sold it nine years later to Bill and Dreen Whitle for $ 22 ,950 .Now four years later in 1972, the house is valued at $ 30,000.
1.The price of the house was as high in 1972 as in the year Jane Grey sold it.
A.about ten times
B.twice
C.150 per cent
D.fifteen times
2.Mrs Bowena Black made a profit(利润)of .
A. $ 2,900
B. $ 8,050
C. $ 7,050
D. $ 18,050
3.Of all the tenants,who earned most?
A.The Whites.
B.Jane Grey.
C.Mrs Black.
D.Mr White.
4.When did Mrs Black buy the house?
A.1971
B.1972
C.1968
D.1959
5.Jane Grey lived at No.29 Smith Terrace .
A.for four years
B.for nine years
C.between 1971 and 1972
D.before 1955
6.If Mrs Black had waited four years to sell the house she would have earned as much as .
A. $ 28,000
B. $ 18,000
C. $ 30,000
D. $ 25,100
以上各题的推理前提均可在原文中找到。第1题的正确答案须从“In 1955，Jane Grey sold it for $ 2,000”,“…in 1972，the house is valued at $ 30,000.”这两句话推知，D项对。第2题的正确答案应从“Mrs Bowena Black bought it for $ 4,900 and sold it nine years later to Bill and Dreen White for $ 22,950”推断，得知D项对。第3题的正确答案应从“…Jane Grey sold it for $ 2,000.Mrs Bowena Black bought it for $ 4,900 and sold it nine years later to Bill and Dreen White for $ 22,950.”推知，Mrs Black获利最多。第4题须从“Mrs Bowena Black…and sold it nine years later…Now four years later,in1972, …”得知Mrs Black是在1959年买的房子，故D项为正确答案。第5题可从“In 1955，Jane Grey sold it for $ 2,000.”推知D项正确。第6题须从“Mrs Bowena Black…$ 4,900.”“…the house is valued at $ 30,000”两句话推知D项为正确答案。
四.阅读理解例析：
Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind,unless they hunt them for food.Sometimes,however,two kinds of animals come together in a partnership(伙伴关系)which does good to both of them.You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep.This is not because they want a ride,but because they find easy food in the parasites(寄生虫)on sheep.The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort.So although they can manage without each other,they do better together.
Sometimes an animal has a plant partner.The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other.This is so in the coral(珊瑚)of the sea.In their skins they have tiny plants which act as"dustman",taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plant are killed,or are even prevented from light so that they cannot live normally,the coral will die.
1.Some birds like to sit on a sheep because .
A.they can eat its parasites
B.they depend on the sheep for existence
C.they enjoy travelling with the sheep
D.they find the position most comfortable
2.The underlined word"they"in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to .
A.birds and parasites
B.birds and sheep
C.parasites and sheep
D.sheep,birds and parasites
3.It can be learnt from the text that coral depends on the plant for .
https://www.360docs.net/doc/1f5030700.html,fort
B.light
C.food
D.oxygen
4.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
A.Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.
B.Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.
C.Some plants depend on each other for food.
D.Some animals live better together.
析：此篇文章谈的是动物和动物之间、动物和植物之间的相互依附关系。
1、A。这是一个推断题，主要测试能否抓住文章中所提供的原因。文章第一段第4句中的“find easy food in”和试题选项中的“eat its parasites”含义相同，可用判断法确定此题答案为A。
2、B。这是一个指代判断题，本题答案从第一自然段第5句中已得知。可采用对应法，句中的词“The sheep allow the birds…”对号入座，正确答案是B。也可采用排除法，A、C、D均不符合文意，birds总是爱吃parasites，sheep不容许parasites存在自己身上。
3、D。这是一个分析判断题，第二段第4句可得知。注意“which the animal needs to breath”是定语从句，关系代词Which的先行词是oxygen，这时的答案已明确，其余三项句中没提及，可排除。
4、A。这是一个主旨题。此题主要是要求考生在理解整段乃至整篇的基础上去推断。我们可以从文中第二段首句和尾句提供的线索综合判断，得出正确选项是A——有些动物和植物是相互依存的。第二段没提C、D项信息。B项的干扰大一些，因文中有relationship develops，但发展关系应在互相依存的情况下，故B项不正确。
Tom Brennan was working in a Philadelphia office building when he noticed a black bag.The bag contained a book.
The chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure--a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan,"a woman who knew everybody in her day,"James Green,the librarian told the magazine American Libraries.
Most of the diary is a record of big events in Philadelphia.It also includes a description of British soldiers burning Washington D.C in the war of 1812.She desribes President James Madison on horseback as "perfectly shaking with fear"during the troubled days.George Washington,she writes,mistook her for the wife of a French man,and praised her excellent English.
The adventure of the lost book began on September 4 when Cory Luxmoore arrived from England to deliver the diary of his ancestor(祖先)to the Library Company,which he and his wife considered to be the best home for the diary.
Green told American Libraries he had the diary in his possesion"about five minutes"when Luxmoore took it back because he had promised to show it to one other person. On returning to his hotel after showing the precious book to Green,Luxmoore was shocked to realise that he had left it in the taxi.
Without any delay,Green began calling every taxi company in the city,with no luck."I've felt sick since then,"Luxmoore told reporters.
According to Green,no one has yet learned how the diary came to the office building.Tom Brennan received a reward(奖励)of $1,000. Philadephia gained another treasure for its history,and Luxmoore told reporters,"It's wonderful news. I'm on high."
1.This article tells about the story of .
A.a lost diary
B.Cory Luxmoore
C.Deborah logan
D.the Library Company
2.From the text,we learn that the diary is now owned by . ,
A.Tom Brennan
B.a philadelphia magazine
C.an unknown person
D.the Library Company of Philadelphia
3.Philadelphia is thought to be the best home for the diary because .
A.it was written in philadelphia
B.it tells stories about philadelphia
C.People in the city are interested in old things
D.the British and the Americans once fought in philadelphia
4.Which of the following shows the right of what happened to the diary?
a-Tom Brennan found the book in an office building.
b-The book was shown to James Green.
c-Cory Luxmoore arrived from England
d-The book was left behind in a taxi
A.a,b,c,d
B.c,b,d,a
C.a,c,d,b
D.c,a,b,d
5.What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said "I'm on high?"
A.I'm rich
B.I'm famous
C.I'm excited
D.I'm lucky
析：本篇文章围绕一本失而复得的日记本，充分体现了本文主人公Luxmoore保护历史资料
的积极性和历史责任感，有很高的社会和文化价值。
1、A。此题属主旨题，要求考生通读全文后掌握整篇文章的主题思想，全文围绕“a lost diary”充分体现了Luxmoore保护珍贵历史资料的积极性和历史责任感。故正确答案是A。
2、D。此题属推理判断题，想从原文直接找到答案是不可能的，此篇文章的故事情节是这样的，Luxmoore和他的妻子认为the library Company of phialdelphia 是保存“the diamy”的最好地方。于是他们决定把“the diary”达到这里，结果“the diary”在途中不幸丢失后又失而复得，最后“the diary”的归宿自然还是“the library company of philadelphia”故正确答案是D。
3、B。此题属细节题，题干中出现because一词，考查事情的起因，细读文章第三段不难看出正确答案为B。
4、B。此题也属细节题，很多考生误选A，这是由于没弄清楚文章的次序，其实这篇文章采用了“倒序”的手法，所以要求考生细读原文再去排序。故正确答案为B。
5、C。此题属含义推断题。做这一题时，考生要从整个事件的发展过程中来把握当事人的心理变化。首先，“Luxmoore was shocked to realize that he had left the diary in the taxi”，然后，Luxmoore对记者描述自己当时的心情：“I've left sick since then.”最后当珍贵的日记被找回时，Luxmoore对记者说：“It's wonderful news. I'm on high.”不难看出，这时的Luxmoore 显得非常兴奋和激动，故正确答案为C。
（三）
Excused from recycling(回收利用)because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute(垃圾道)?You won't be for long.Miami's Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too.
In Shantzis' Hi-Rise Recycling System, a chute leads to a pie-shaped container with six boxes that can turn around when operated.The system,which fits in the same space as the chute and container now in use,enables glass,plastic,paper,metal,and other rubbish to go into separate boxes.
The system is controlled from a board fixed next to the chute door.The board has abutton for each class of recycling materials(as well as for unrecyclables).At the press of a button,a microcomputer locks all other floors'chute doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute.The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full.And a particular piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.
Sorting(分类)recyclables before they are collected saves the use of expensive materials recovery equipment which otherwise has to do the sorting.Such equipment often makes recycled materials very expensive,so expensive that tons of recyclables remain wasted.Shantzis believes his system could help recycled materials become more cost-effective.
1.The purpose in writing this text is .
A.to encourage people to recycle their rubbish
B.to introduce a recycling system for high rises
C.to describe the use of computer technology in recycling
D.to explain the need for rubbish collection in high rises
2.When he says"You won't be for long"the writer means that .
A.you'll soon be living in a cleaner building
B.rubbish chutes will become out of date before long
C.you won't wait long for your turn to recycle rubbish
D.it won't be long before you'll have to recycle your rubbish
3.Before dropping rubbish into the chute you have to .
A.lock the other floors' chute doors
B.check if the container is full
C.press the correct button
D.break up the rubbish
4.The biggest advantage of this new system is that .
A.it reduces the cost of recycling
B.it saves time and space
C.it saves money for people living in high rises
D.it makes better use of the existing recovery equipment
析：本篇文章介绍为高层楼房住户设计的一种回收垃圾的新方法，此方法简便又科学，为高层楼房住户带来了便利。
1、此题属主旨题，推断作者写此篇文章的目的。通读全文后不难发现此篇文章是向大家介绍为高层楼房住户设计的回收垃圾的一种方法。再看四个选项：A是鼓励大家去回收垃圾；B是向高层楼房住户介绍回收利用垃圾的方法；D是解释在高层楼房中收集垃圾的需要；C 是描写电脑技术在回收垃圾方面的用途。故此题正确答案为B。
2、此题属含义推断题，推断作者说此话的用意。根据上下文来看，上文“Excused from recycling because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute”意为“因为你住在高层楼房里，所以没有回收利用垃圾的义务”，下文紧接着“You won't be for long.Miami's Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too.”意为“你的这种借口不会长久，Mark Shantzis已经让住在高层楼房里的住户使用垃圾道变得很简单”也就是：住在高层楼房里的人不久就不得不利用上述方法回收利用垃圾，这就是D项所表达的意思，而选项C的意思是“不用等很久就轮到你回收利用垃圾了”故正确答案为D。
3、此题属细节题。文章第三段介绍这种方法是如何操作的，根据“At the press of a button,a microcomputer locks all other floors' chute doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute.”不难看出此题正确答案为C。
4、此题属推断题。从文中最后一句“Shantzis believes his system could heep recydcle materials become more cost-effectilve”不难看出这种新方法的最大优点是降低回收利用的费用，故正确答案为A。
（四）
Time talks. It speaks more plainly（明白地）than words.Time communicates（交流）in many ways. Consider the different parts of the day,for example.The time of the day when something is done can give a special meaning to the event.Factory managers in the United States fully realize the importance of an announcement made during the middle of the morning or afternoon that takes everyone away from his work.
In the United States,it is not customary（通常的，习惯的）to telephone someone very early in the morning.If you telephone him early in the day,while he is shaving（刮脸）or having breakfast,the time of the call shows that the matter is very urgent (紧急的)and requires immediate attention.It is the same with telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours,he probably thinks it is a matter of life or death.The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.
The meanings of time differ in different parts of the world.Thus,misunderstanding arises（出现）between people from cultures（文化）that treat time differently.In the United States,people tend （趋向于）to think of time as something fixed in nature,something from which one can not escape.As a rule,Americans think of time as a road into the future,along which one progresses.The
road has many sections（段）,which are to be kept separate…“one thing at a time”.Thus,an American may feel angry when he has made an appointment（约会）with someone and then finds a lot of other things happening at the same time.
Americans look ahead and are comcerned（与…有关系）almost entirely with the future.The American idea of the future is limited,however.It is the foreseeable future and not the future of involving（牵连）manycenturies.
Since time has much different meanings in different cultures,communication is often difficult.We will understand each other a little better if we can keep this fact in mind.
1.According to the passage,an announcement made during the day in a factory must be very important because_________.
A.it interrupts the work of all employees
B.it is made by the manager
C.it makes everyone lose his job
D.it communicates in many ways
2.In the United States,a phone call made after 11:00 p.m.is considered________,in the view of the writer.
A.as important as one made in the early morning
B.impolite since it disturbs the receiver's sleep
C.to be a threat(恐吓)to the receiver's life
D.even more urgent than one made early in the morning
3.An American may feel angry if_______.
A.he is to deal with many things at one appointed time
B.people from different cultures misunderstand him
C.he cannot escape from something fixed in nature
D.others do not keep things separate
4.The expression"the foreseeable future"could be most suitably replaced by_________.
A.the future that will not be far away
B.the future that one looks forward to
C.the future toward which one makes progress
D.the future which involves centuries
5.The writer concludes that people of different countries will understand each other if________.
A.they know how to communicate with each other
B.they are concerned with the future
C.they learn the way time communicates
D.they keep in mind that different cultures treat time differently
析：本篇文章谈及的是时间，在某些方面时间能替人进行交流，由于各个国家不同的文化，也就给时间赋予了不同的意义。
1、此题属细节题。细读第二段的首句便知，此段的中心为：“The time of the day when something is done can give a special meaning to the event”，然后又举了一个例子来说明，在白天工人们正在工厂里干活，这时突然有个紧急通知造成的影响只能是工人们停工，即原文中的“that takes everyone away from his work.”正好与此题中A项相符合，故此题正确答案为A。
2、此题亦属细节题。细读第三段知，大清早的电话和半夜三更的电话一样意味着有要紧的事，由文中的“It is the same with telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m”，可知，故此题正确答
案为A。
3、此题亦属细节题。从文中第四段中的：“an American may feel angry when he has made an appointment with someone and then finds a lot of other things happening at the same time.”可知此题正确答案为A。
4、此题属猜测词义题。由倒数第二段中的“It is the foreseeable future and not the future of involving many centuries”，在这句话中the forseeable future和net the future of ivolving many centuries相对应，由此可知the forseeable future的意思为“不久的将来”，故正确答案为A。
5、此题属推断题。最后一段告诉我们：如我们记着不同的文化中时间有不同的意义，那么我们之间的交往就社会好一些，故此题正确答案为D。
（五）
You say you want my advice about reading.Perhape the following are pieces of advice that I hope you'll find useful.
If the book is in English,that may mean slow progress for you.But I don't advise you to read too slowly.When I was living in Tokyo I used to go to Kanda,where the secondhand bookshops are(just as in London,when you were here last year,you used to spend hours in Charing Cross Road). The shelves were full of English books .The first twenty or thirty pages of many of them had their margins filled with penciled notes and there were lots of words and phrases underlined.The owners,probably university students,had started out very seriously,determined to master the books.Then,as I turned the pages over,I found the reader had given up his attempt.
I suppose that's a common experience in many countries with books in a foreign language.The reader starts out,full of hope.Then the need to turn to a dictionary,perhaps ten or even twenty times a page,tires him out.
Therefore,don't start reading a book unless you see,from the first few pages,that it's one you can read with ease and understanding.Don't try to run before you can walk.Don't stop reading the whole chapter quickly.Quite often you'll find the unknown word comes again,perhaps several timesAnd by the end of the chapter you'll have guessed its meaning.That's how we learn the meaning of words in our own language,isn't it?
1.In Charing Cross Road you can expect to find_________.
A.books having twenty or thirty pages
B.many books full of penciled notes
C.many bookshops where the used books are sold
D.books you need to read
2.The writer says_______.
A.you should choose a book of interest if you prefer not to read slowly
B.too many new words in the page will prevent learners from reading to the end
C.you should never read a book that has ten or twenty new words perpage
D.It's a good idea for the university students to use a dictionary while reading
3.You can't complete your reading of a book_____.
A.if penciled notes are not made in the margins of a page
B.unless you read a book with the help of a dictionary
C.if you are not filled with hope at the beginning stage of reading
D.unless the book chosen is right for your level
4.The writer suggests that_______.
A.you go on with your reading when a new word appears
B.you immediately find the meaning of a new word in a dictionary
C.you stop and guess the meaning when an unknown word comes
D.you keep guessing the meaning of a word until you have got its meaning
5.This passage also tells us______.
A.how to overcome the difficulty that many university students have in studies
B.how to learn words with the help of a dictionary
C.how learners choose their books in a foreign language and learn new words
D.how the book owners write the notes on the book
析：本文作者在此向读者提出了许多关于读书的建议，值得我们大家借鉴。
1、此题属细节题。文章第二段告诉我们：东京有个Kanda，此地出售旧书，就象伦敦的Charing Cross Rood一样，说明Charing Cross Rood也出售旧书。故此题正确答案为C。
2、此题亦属细节题。第三段提到“The reader starts out,full of hope.Then the meed to turn to a dictionary,perhaps ten or even twenty times a page,tires him out.”从这话中很明显此题正确答案为B。
3、此题亦属细节题。最后一段告知我们在读书前要选择难易程度适合自己读的书才行，否则就是你再有信心也无法读下去。故此是正确答案为D。
4、此题属推断题。从文章最后一段可知，在阅读中遇到不认识的单词时不应停下来去查字典，而是继续读下去，靠猜测词义，见多了也就认识了，故此题正确答案为D。
5、此题属主旨题。细读文章后知此篇文章的主旨是作者向我们提出了关于读书的建议，同时在选择外文书和猜测单词这一方面也给我们提供了很有价值的建议，故此题正确答案为C。
（六）
Britain has laws to make sure that women have the same chances as men is education,jobs and training.But it's still unusual to find women doing dirty or heavy jobs.
Nikki Henriques is a car maintenance engineer in London.She used to be a secretary.Barty Philips,a journalist with"The Observer",a Sunday newspaper,asked her why she wanted to work with cars.
"My first reason was independence(独立),"she said."I also wanted to use my hands,and I like learning about how things work.Many people prefer to have a woman repair their cars,too."
Nikki didn't find it easy to become a car maintenance engineer.She went to a Government Skill Centre----aspecial sort of college where people can learn a new job----for twenty weeks."For ten weeks I was the only woman among four hundred men,and some of them were rude to me.It was also very tiring-----from 8 in the morning to 5 in the afternoon,with only 30 minutes for lunch." Now Nikki works free-lance,that is，she's self-employed,working for herself and not for a garaga or a company.
Barty Phillips also spoke to Rose,who works as general builder in Sheffield,an industrial town in the north of England.Like Nikki,Rose used to be a secretary."I didn't enjoy it at all."she said."I wanted to do more practical work,and I wanted to be self-employed."
Rose joined a women's building co-operative,and she learnt her job from other people and from experience.However,many of the women in her group have been specially trained.Most of the jobs they do are improvements to buildings and general repairs.
"People often say,'Oh,women are't strong enough , 'but don't think strength is important."said Rose,"The important thing is to get used to doing a different sort of work."
Rose would like more women to come into the building industry."Everything built at the moment
is a product of man's world .If women become builders,they will be able to understand the production of their house and their towns."
1.There are laws in Britain to help women_______.
A.get higher pay than men
B.enjoy more freedom than men
C.do whatever they like to do
D.have equal chances with men in education and work
2.The job of a car maintenance engineer is to________.
A.make cars
B.sell cars
C.repair cars
D.keep cars for others
3.According to Rose,a woman wishing to be a general builder__________.
A.must be specially trained
B.should be strong enough
C.can learn her job either from others or by experience
D.must get used to doing a different sort of work
4.The best title for this passage might be_______.
A.Nikki Henriques,a car maintenance engineer
B.Rose,a General Builder in Shefield
C.Women at Work
D.British Women
析：本文通过所举的两个例子，说明英国有不少妇女在从事又累又脏的工作，虽然英国的法律允许男女在受教育、找工作和受培训等方面有同等的权利，但看到妇女在干又脏又累的活时依然感觉不对劲。
1、此题属细节题。第一段已明确告诉我们故此题正确答案为D。
2、此题属猜测词义感。要猜测maintenance的意思从下文着手，“Many people prefer to have
a woman repair their cars，too”，由此可知此题正确答案为C。
3、此题属推断题。此题关键在题干上，According to Rose，从Rose的观点上看。倒数第二自然段中Rose的话明确告诉我们此题的答案为D。
4、此题属主旨题。通读全文后不难发现此文主要描写了在工作的妇女，A项中的Nikki Henriques和B项中的Rose是文中举例中的人物，可排除，D项British Women是英国的妇女，范围太广，故正确答案为C。
（七）
Decision-thinking is not unlike poker-----it often matters not only what you think,but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.The mental process(过程)is similar.Naturally,this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are,by any standards,good thinkers.
The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory.In particular,he showed that all games fall into two classes;there are what he called games of 'prefect information',games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks:they don't win by chance,but by means of logic and skills.Then there are games of'imperfect information',like poker,in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another. One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information.Quite the reverse.Business,politics,life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable
factors(因素)which would even puzzle(困惑)best poker players.But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance,and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess,not poker.
1.The subject discussed in this text is_______.
A.the process of reaching decisions
B.the difference between poker and chess
C.the secret of making good business plans
D.the value of information in winning games
2.An important factor in a game of imperfect information is_______.
A.rules
B.luck
C.time
D.ideas
3.Which of the following can be used in place of "Quite the reverse"?
A.Quite right.
B.True enough.
C.Most unlikely.
D.Just the opposite.
4.In the writer's opinion,when making business decisions one should______.
A.put perfect information before imperfect information
B.accept the existence of unknown factors
C.regard business as a game of chess.
D.mix known and unknown facfors
析：本文围绕下棋和打扑克这两种游戏的不同事阐述作出决定的过程。
1、此题属主旨题。要求考生通读全文后掌握整篇文章的主题思想。本文围绕“the difference between poker and chess”来阐述“the process of reaching decisions”再看A、B、C、D四个选项的中心词A为process，B为difference，C为secret，D为value，很明显能排除B、C、D三个选项。故正确答案为A。
2、此题属细节题。从文中第二段可知，John von Neumann把所有游戏分为两类，即“perfeet information”和“imperfect information”。他还告诉我们：在“perfect information”中“取胜不是靠运气，而是靠逻辑和技巧”；而在“imperfect information”中正好相反，故正确答案为B。
3、此题考查对词义的猜测与理解。做这样的题，要求考生根据上下文去猜测。“Quite the reverse”之前的句子是：对business一个错误的观点是把它当成“a game of perfect information”；“Quite the reverse”之后的句子是：business，politics，life本身是a game of imperfect information。前后对比观点正好相反。故正确答案为D。
4、此题属推理判断题。从最后一段里的“Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors which would even puzzle best poker players”不难看出作者给我们的忠告应为“accept the existence of unknown factors”，故正确答案为B。
（八）
One silly question I simply can't stand(忍受)is "How do you feel?".Usually the question is asked of a man in action---a man on the go,walking along the streets,or busily working at his desk.So what do you expect him to say?He'll probably say."Fine,
I'm all right.",but you have put a bug(小虫)in his ear----maybe now he's not sure. If you are a good friend,you may have seen something in his face,or his walk,that he overlooked(忽略)that morning.It starts worrying him a little.First thing you know,he looks in a mirror to see if everything is all right,while you go merrily on your way asking someone else,"How do you feel?" Every question has its time and place.It's perfectly acceptable,for instance,to ask"How do you feel?" if you're visiting a close friend in the hospital.But if the fellow is walking on both legs,
hurrying to make a train, or sitting at his desk working, it's no time to ask him that silly question. When George Bernard Shaw,the famous writer of plays was in his eighties,someone asked him"How do you feel?"Shaw put him in his place."When you reach my age",he said,"either you feel all right or you're dead."
1. According to the writer,greetings(问候),such as"How do you feel?"___________.
A.show one's consideration for others
B.are a good way to make friends
C.are proper to ask a man in action
D.generally make one feel uneasy(不安)
2. The question"How do you feel?"seems to be correct and suitable when asked of ____________.
A.a man working at his desk
B.a person having lost a close friend
C.a stranger who looks somewhat worried
D.a friend who is ill
3. The writer seems to feel that a busy man should_______.
A.be praised for his efforts
B.never be asked any question
C.not be bothered(打搅)
D.be discouraged from working so hard
4.George Bernard Shaw's reply in the passage shows his__.
A.cheerfulness
B.cleverness
C.ability
D.politeness
5.This passage can best be titled_______.
A. A Silly Question.
B.Don't Trouble a Busy Man
C.What Are Good Greetings
D.George Bernard Shaw's Reply
析：此篇文章通过描写“How do you feel？”这一问候语，说明任何一个问题都有它的时间和场所，否则不会被人接受。
1、此题属含义推断题。“How do you feel？”这一问候语并不是随处随时都可问的，由第一段可知当对方正在走路或正在工作时，这样的问候会使对方感到不安(uneasy),故此题正确答案为D。
2、此题属细节题。由第二段中的“It's perfectly acceptable,for instance,to ask"How do you feel?"if you're visiting a close friend in the hospital.”可知正确答案为D。
3、此题亦属细节题。还是由第二段的“But if the man is walking on both legs, hurrying to make
a train,or sitting at his desk working, it's no time to ask him that silly question.”可知此题正确答案为C。
4、此题属推断题。由最后一段知Bernard shaw的回答让对方大吃一惊，表现了他的机智与聪明，故正确答案为B。
5、此题属主旨题。通读此文后知其大意为任何一个问题都有它的时间和场所，否则不会被人接受。拿“How do you feel？”为例说明，视其为一个愚蠢的问题，为了和此文呼应，题目当然是A Silly Question。故正确答案为A。
（九）
Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth put it best when she said to her father,"But,Dad,you can't be healthy if you're dead."
Dad,in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run,had forgotten to wear his safety belt---a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.The big question is why.
There have been many myths about safety belts ever since their first appearance in cars some forty years ago. The following are three of the most common.
Myth Number One：It's best to be "thrown clear"of a serious accident.
Truth: Sorry,but any accident serious enough to "throw you clear" is also going to be serious enough to give you a very bad landing. And chances are you'll have traveled through a windshield(挡风玻璃）or door to do it . Studies show that chances of dying after a car accident are twenty-five times greater in cases where people are "thrown clear".
Myth Number Two: Safety belts "trap" people in cars that are burning or sinking in water. Truth: Sorry again,but studies show that people knocked unconsicous(昏迷)due to not wearing safety belts have a greater chance of dying in these accidents. People wearing safety belts are usually protected to the point of having a clear head to free themselves from such dangerous situations, not to be trapped in them .
Myth Number Three: Safety belts aren't needed at speeds of less than 30 miles per hour (mph). Truth: When two cars traveling at 30 mph hit each other, an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force epual to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters.
1. Why did Elkzabeth say to her father, "But, Dad,you can't be healthy if you're dead"?
A. He was driving at great speed.
B. He was running across the street.
C. He didn't have his safety belt on.
D. He didn't take his medicine on time.
2.The reason Father was in a hurry to get home was that he________.
A. wasn't feeling very well
B. hated to drive in the dark
C. wanted to take some exercise
D. didn't want to be caught by the police
3. According to the text, to be "thrown clear"of a serious accident is very dangerous because you_______.
A. may be knocked down by other cars
B. may get seriously hurt being thrown out of the car
C. may find it impossible to get away from the seat
D. may get caught in the car door
4. Some people prefer to drive without wearing a safety belt because they believe_______.
A. the belt prevents them from escaping in an accident
B. they will be unable to think clearly in an accident
C. they will be caught when help comes
D. cars catch fire easily
5. What is the advice given in the text?
A. Never drive faster than 30 miles an hour.
B. Try your best to save yourself in a car accident.
C. Never forget to wear the safety belt while driving.
D. Drive slowly while you're not wearing a safety belt.
析：本文通过列举对行车系安全带的三种最主要的错误认识，提醒人们注意，为了乘车安全，
千万不要忘记系安全带。
1、此题是深层语义能力理解题，考生要透过表面文字信息去推测话语所隐含的意思。短文第一段中的10岁的女孩Elizabeth对匆忙开车返家的父亲说：“But, Dad,you can't be healthy if you're dead.”这是一句非常幽默风趣地提醒父亲行车不要忘记系安全带的话。我们从第二段中“Dad,in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run,had forgotten to wear his safety belt---a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.”可以体会出，孩子的话是责备父亲行车没有系安全带，其深层含义是，不系安全带，一旦出了车祸，则后果不堪设想。故正确答案为C。
2、此题是转换理解题。go for a run意为“去跑步”，take some erercise意为“锻炼身体”，理解此两点就不难判断出答案为C。
3、此题属细节题。文中but any accident serious enough to "throw you clear" is also going to be serious enough to give you a very bad landing 一句则清楚地说明了，不系安全带在事故中被甩出车会严重受伤。故此题正确答案为B。
4、此题属推理判断题，考查根据短文提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理的能力。一些人在开车时喜欢不系安全带，其中一种模糊认识是：It's best to be "thrown clear"of a serious accident .这说明一些司机错误地认为系安全带会妨碍他们在事故中迅速脱险。下文研究表明，在车祸中不系安全带被甩出车外，死亡的机会是系安全带的25倍，故此题答案为A。
5、此题属推理判断题。回答这个问题需要就全篇进行概括，文中列举了对行车不安全带的三种最主要的错误认识：It's best to be "thrown clear"of a serious accident.Safety belts"trap"people in cars that are burning or sinking in water.Satety belts are't needed at speeds of less than 30 miles per hour(mph)，然后有针对性地列举不系安全带在事故中所发生的伤亡情况，有力地驳斥了这些模糊观念。提醒人们注意，为了乘车安全，行车时千万不要忘记系安全带，故此题正确答案为C。
（十）
New York,10 November-----5:27p.m, yesterday.Biggest power failure in the city's history.
*Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building. "There were twelve of us. But no one panicked.We passed the time telling stories and playing word games.One man wanted to smoke but we didn't let him. Firemen finally got us out."
*"It was the best night we've ever had,"said Angela Carraro,who runs an Italian restaurant on 42nd Street."We had lots of candles on the tables and the waiters were carrying candles on their trays.The place was full---and all night,in fact,for after we had closed,we let the people stay on and spend the night here."
*The zoos had their problems like everyone else.Keepers worked through the night.They used blankets to keep flying squirrels and small monkeys warm.While zoos had problems keeping warm,supermarkets had problems keeping cool."All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted."said the manager of a store in downtown Manhattan."They were worth $ 50,000."
*The big electric clock in the lobby(大厅)of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in downtown Manhattan started ticking(滴答)again at 5:25 this morning.It was almost on time.
1.Throughout the period of darkness,Martin Saltaman and the eleven others were_________.
A.nervous
B.excited
C.calm
D.frightened
2.In what way was the night of November 9 the best night for Angela Carraro?
A.She had a taste of adventure.
B.Burning candles brightened the place.
C.Business was better than usual.
D.Many people stayed the night in her restaurant.
3.How long did the power failure last?
A.Nearly 12 hours.
B.More than 12 hours.
C.Nearly 24 hours.
D.More than 24 hours.
析：此文描写纽约历史上的一次最大的停电发生后的情形、电梯里、餐馆里、动物园里出现各种情况，停电时间长达12小时之久。
1、此题属细节题。从文中的“we passed the time telling stories and playing word games”这一句可以看出Martin Saltzman等人的心情应是calm，而不是nervous，frightened或excited，故正确答案为C。
2、此题亦属细节题，从第二段得知Angela Carraro经营一家小餐馆，从“we had lots of candles on the table and the waiters were carrying candles on their trays”可明显看出，那夜虽然停电，但借助蜡烛，餐馆生意比平时还红火，所以她说：“It was the best night we've ever had”，故最佳答案为C。
3、此题依然属细节题。要推算停电的时间，文章开头给出停电的时间为“5：27 p.m yesterday”，文章结尾告诉我们来电后，大厅里的“the big electric clock”显示的时间是“5：25 this morning”很显然，停电时间应是nearly tevelve hours，而不是超过（more than）故正确答案为A。（十一）
The easy way out isn't always easiest.I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Dong,my husband of one month,to a special meal.I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread.Knowing the bread would take time,I started on it as soon as Dong left for work.As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good,two dozen would be better,so I doubled everything.As Dong loved oranges,I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl.Soon there was a sticky dough( 面团）covered with ugly yellowish marks.Realizing I had been defeated,I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn't have to face Dong laughing at my work.I went on preparing the rest of the meal,and ,when Dong got home,we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice.He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed.Twice he got up and went outside,saying he thought he heard a noise.The third time he left, I went to the window to see what he was doing.Looking out,I saw Dong standing about three feet from the rubbish bin,holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container.When I came out of the house,he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in our rubbish bin.Picking up the stick again,he held the lid up enough for me to see.I felt cold.But I stepped closer and looked harder.Without doubt it was my work.The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast(酵母)made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing.It looked like some unknown being from outer space.I could see why Dong was so shaken.I had to admit what the ‘living thing’was and why it was there.I don't know who was more embarrassed(尴尬)by the whole thing----Dong or me.
1. The writer's purpose in writing this story is__________.
A. to tell an interesting experience
B. to show the easiest way out of a difficulty
C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
D. to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books
2. Why did the woman's attempt at making the bread turn out to be unsuccessful?
A. The canned orange had gone bad.
B. She didn't use the right kind of flour.
C. The cookbook was hard to understand.
D. She did not follow the directions closely.
3. Why did the woman put the dough in the rubbish bin?
A. She didn't see the use of keeping it.
B. She meant to joke with her husband.
C. She didn't want her husband to see it.
D. She hoped it would soon dry in the sun.
4. What made the dough in the bin look frightening?
A. The rising and falling movement.
B. The strange-looking marks.
C. Its shape.
D.Its size.
5. When Dong went out the third time,the woman looked out of the window because she was_________.
A. surprised at his being interested in the bin
B. afraid that he would discover her secret
C. unhappy that he didn't enjoy the meal
D. curious to know what disturbed him
析：本文通过描写一个新婚妻子为在新婚丈夫面前显示一下她的“厨房”本领，可结果事与愿违，说明一个道理：本认为很容易的解决问题的办法不一定是最容易的。
1、此题为推断题。要求考生推断作者写此文的意图，本文作者为a newly married wonan , 她想趁丈夫上班之际，在家做一顿让丈夫惊喜的饭，结果不但没做成，反而惹得丈夫为此而着急，最后令丈夫哭笑不得。不难看出：这是她为人妻后一次有趣的经历。故正确答案为A。
2、此题为细节题。题干中用why 提问，考查事情起因，从文中可看出，她尝试制作面包失败的原因一是因为她没有做饭的经验，再加上在制作过程中she doubled everything ,没按照说明去做，所以才失败。故正确答案为D。
3、此题亦为细节题。从文中很明显看出：她本想在新婚丈夫面前显示一下她的本领，可结果事与愿违，她当然不想让丈夫看到她的“拙作”才把面团扔进垃圾桶。故正确答案为C。
4、此题为推断题。被作者扔进垃圾桶的面团在太阳的加热下，开始澎涨，里面的酵母使面团shake and sigh 好象此物正在呼吸,正是这呼吸(breathing)的一起一伏才使垃圾桶里的面团上让人看上去挺吓人的,故正确答案为A。
5、此题属细节题。细读原文，从“The third time he left I want to the windonw to see what he was doing"不难看出她丈夫第三次出去时她还没意识到她丈夫要去看什么，所以可排除B项，故正确答案为D。
（十二）
Olaf Stapledon wrote a book called First and Last Men ,in which he looked millions of years ahead.He told of different men and of strange civilisations (文明),broken up by long 'dark ages' in between.In his view what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and we are just the First Men .In 2,000 million years from now there will be the Eighteenth or Last Men.
However,most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted.Perhaps we can see some possibilites for the next fifty years. But the next hundred? The next thousand ? The next million? That's much more difficult.
When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago how could they even begin to picture modern life? Yet to men of 50,000 years from now ,we may seem as primitive(原始的)in our ideas as the Stone-Age hunters do to us.Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels or struggling with their ballalators through the cribe. These words,which I have just made up ,have to stand for things and ideas that we simply can't think of . So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future?Here are two reasons . First,unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history ,we are likely to think our own inerests are much more important than they really are .If we make the earth a poor place to live on because we are careless or greedy(贪婪)or quarrelsome,our grandchildren will not bother to think of excuses for us.
Second,by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future , we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves .For example,if we imagine that in the future men may give up farming ,we can think of trying it now .So set your imagination free when you think about the future.
1.A particular mention made of Stapledon's book in the opening paragraph______________.
A. serves as a description of human history
B. serves an introduction to the discussion
C. shows a disagreement of views
D.shows the popularity of the book
2. The text discusses men and women 50,000 years ago and 50,000 years from now in order to show that____________.
A. human history is extremely long
B. life has changed a great deal
C. it is useless to plan for the next 50 years
D.it is difficult to tell what will happen in the future
3. Spundels and ballators are used in the text to refer to ___________.
A. tools used in farming
B. ideas about modcrn life
C. unknown things in the futre
D. hunting skills in the Stone Age
4.According to the writer of the text ,imagining the future will ______________.
A. serve the interests of the present and future generations
B. enable us to better understand human history
C. help us to improve farming
D. make life worth living
析：此篇文章讨论了五万年前的人及五万年后的人，用此说明人类的变化高深摸测，难以捉摸，人类未来难以预料。
1.此题属细节题。要想做好此题必须理解题干，题干的意思是：“在首段特别提到的关于stapledon的书的那句话…”特别提到的那句话也就是：“He told of different men and of strange civilisations,broken up by long ' dark ages' in between"以及“what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and we are just the Fist or Last Men”整篇文章的讨论的就是"men and women 50,000 years ago and 50,000 years from now "所以特别提到的正好在此充当讨论的前言，故正确答案为B。
2.此题属细节题。从文中第二段看出作者的观点正好是D项的内容，而第三段讨论“men and
(完整版)高中英语阅读理解的答题方法和技巧
高中英语阅读理解的答题方法和技巧 一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。 二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。 三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。 文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用"画图列表法"，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。 四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。 在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题（中心思想，加标题等）和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一
初中英语阅读技巧
初中英语阅读技巧 阅读理解是英语学习中一个很重要的方面，它反映了学生直接应用英语的能力。英语试题中对学生阅读能力的测试主要通过完形填空和阅读理解两种题型。今天就阅读理解这一题型加以解析。 阅读理解题一般有以下几种形式： 1)根据短文内容，判断正、误2)根据短文内容，选择最佳答案 3)根据短文内容，回答问题4)根据短文内容，填写表格 5)根据短文内容，在改写后的短文中填词 阅读理解部分的短文内容非常广泛，有人物传记、政治经济、天文史地、社会文化、科 普小品、风土人情、幽默故事及日常生活的各个方面。试题往往就短文中容易误解和忽略之处灵活地提出问题，所用的句型和词语也往往不同于短文中相应部分的句型和词语。 掌握丰富的词汇及必要的语法知识是提高阅读理解能力的先决条件，而了解文化差异 及历史背景常常是十分重要的。因此，同学们应该对讲英语国家的风土人情及历史发展有一般的常识，同时对科普、科幻、天文、地理等都要有所了解。你们还必须经常进行大量的各种体裁、各种风格的课外阅读，逐步加快阅读速度，不断增进阅读技巧。下面向同学们介绍阅读理解的解题步骤和方法： 1.通读全文，掌握大意 做阅读理解题一定要学会通过快速阅读，从整体上理解短文的大意及中心思想，领会 出题人的意图。切忌人为地将短文搞得支离破碎，逐词逐句地去感知材料，看一句或几句做一个题目，这样会影响答题的正确率。但是对于一些长句和难句要作语法分析，以便掌握短文的大意和每个句子的确切含义。短文的开头和结尾往往是全文内容的概括，对理解、推理都会有很大的帮助。 2.细审题意，获取信息 认真审阅文后的理解题。在审题时要弄清楚试题问的是细节（如人物、时间、地点） 还是主题大意；是事实还是观点；是从正面问还是从反面问。看清试题后，带着问题再回到正文中去寻找有关的句子、段落，获取重要的信息。然后把所获得的信息点与所给的答案逐一进行认真的比较，以便作出正确的判断。 3.分层推理，正确答题 有些理解题可以直接从短文中找到答案。有些深层次的理解题在短文中找不到直接的 信息点，要经过分析推理，从已有的信息链中判断文章的意思，即应以短文中提供的间接信息点为依据，根据作者的意图，凭借你们自己的社会文化知识和生活经验，加进短文中所没有明确表述的却又与主题有联系的思想和信息，进行合乎逻辑的推理，从而确定正确的选项。
英语阅读理解技巧
英语阅读理解技巧 发表时间：2011-08-15T15:52:19.310Z 来源：《学英语》(高中教师版）2011年第36期供稿作者：胡连娟[导读] 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。山东诸城一中胡连娟新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定：“侧重提高阅读能力”。纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。可以毫不夸张地说，做好阅读理解题，是获得高考英语高分的关键！阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1．读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。 2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。 5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：细节理解题，词句理解题，主题、主旨题，猜测词义题，推理判断题。下面作者结合平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调、作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间，特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。 二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效地吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度，就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时主题句就是文章的第一句。当然，也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题、归纳概括题、中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。试试看，你能找出下面一段文章的主题句吗？ The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. 不难看出，文章的第一句是主题句，后面的句子都围绕这个句子展开。 三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。文章绝不是互不相干的句子的杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用“画图列表法”，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。 四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。 在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题（中心思想，加标题等）和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文；要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。五、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。 a. 定义法如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即“退火”。 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is, it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。 b 同位法如：They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。 We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week. 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。 c. 对比法 She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。 d. 构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名词，据此可以判断定possibility 的意思是“可能性”。 e. 因果法 The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken。Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent的意思是“永远的，永久性的”。
英语阅读学习技巧
英语阅读学习技巧 摘要：阅读是人们阅看书面文字材料来获取信息，同时作为特殊的交际方式而存在的社会现象。学习英语阅读是提高英语的整体成绩，也是各种英语标准化的测试。然而在阅读英语时往往遇到许多困难，为了克服阅读英语时的困难我们必须掌握英语阅读的技巧与方法。首先，方法之一是读出主题、其二是把握细节，为了避免在阅读英语时出现的错误，对此我们应该注意阅读的相关事项:要注意养成良好的阅读心理并且形成一种惬意的顺向心理、要提高视读的速度、阅读时要注意培养语感所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度、读完一篇文章后，要回味一番对文章的段落结构，中心思想，人物事件，论点论据要做到心中有数。 关键词：阅读；方法；注意事项 目前，阅读是我国英语教学的核心，培养和提高阅读理解能力是英语教学的主要目的之一。学习英语阅读同时也是提高英语的整体成绩，阅读也是各种原因标准化测试，如TOFEL、CRE 等的重点，然而有许多人在阅读英语时往往遇到很多的困难。例如生词多，阅读速度慢，理解力差等，如果要加快阅读的速度，提高阅读理解能力，首先要弄清楚什么是阅读，学习并掌握英语快速阅读的技巧和方法。 —、阅读定义 阅读的定义是人们阅看书面文字材料，获取信息的一种方式；是一种从书面语言和其它书面符号中获得的社会行为，实践活动和心理过程。其次，阅读时一种作为特殊的交际方式而存在的社会现象，他涉及到作者—文本—读者三个基本要素，要理清他们的关系后面加强阅读能力和技巧。 二、阅读学习方法 （一）、读出中心思想 主题通常是一段中常被提及的某人或某件事情，也必须在该段中反复被提到或者对其有所指，并前对该段的内容有指导作用。然而，读者应该明白一点，主题句不一定总是首句，它可以出现在一段话中的任何位置，包括首句，段中或者段尾。另外，我们在有限段落的任何位置都找不到主题句，因为作者只是在字里行间暗示出段落中心思想，二不是通过主题句
中考英语阅读理解题的实用技巧
中考英语阅读理解题的实用技巧 1. 保持良好的精神状态。良好的精神状态对于考场上的考生来说非常重要。因为只有在心理放松的情况下，考生的精力才能够集中，思维才会敏捷，从而才能将自己的真实水平发挥出来。 2. 抓住中心句。阅读短文之前，先看短文是否有标题。若有，应给予高度重视。因为标题是文章主题的高度凝聚，它能给我们启发和想象，有利于加深对短文的理解，从而提高做题效率。另外，在没有标题的情况下，应充分重视短文的首、尾句。因为大多数文章都是按照总---分---总的结构布局的。据统计，英语中有60%-90%的主题句位于段首和段尾，短文的其他文字往往是对这些中心句的解释和说明。 3. 克服不良习惯，提高阅读速度。由于考试的时间有限，在助力不出偏差的前提下，一定要尽可能地提高阅读速度。倘若能注意克服以下不良习惯，就可以大大提高阅读速度：①心读。考场上不能出声阅读，于是有的考生就在心里读，有时考生的嘴唇也在动。这是非常不好的习惯，一定要下决心克服。因为这样做会直接制约着阅读速度的提高；②回视(指重新阅读上文)。阅读中的回视是一种无效劳动，所以应一口气把文章读完，尽量不要回视。这坏习惯是慢慢形成的，不是一朝一夕就能克服掉的。在平时的学习中就应当引起注意并加以克服；③一个词一个词地看。阅读时，视线应从左向右跳跃式移动，着重扫描意群，同时注意意群中的重要单词，以寻求主要的语言信息。可将冠词、系动词、助动词及不定式符号等小品词一扫而过，
不可一词不漏地全部都看一遍；④只读不记。正确的做法是：一边阅读一边用笔记下或标出那些与文后所设问题有关的信息。这样，在做题时就用不着重新查阅短文，至少不用一句一句地再寻找那些隐约有印象的信息，从而可以节省一些时间。 4. 判断要有依据，推理要顺乎作者的意图。对于推理性或评价性之类的阅读理解题目，在材料中一般是找不到现成答案的，必须通读全篇，对所获信息加以筛选、提炼、推断，对作者的思想倾向，对文中提及的人物或事件可能产生的结局等，加以综合考虑才能得出正确结论。对这种题，不能以偏概全，不能只见树木，不见森林，不能以个人的想法代替作者的意图。
英语阅读方法与解题技巧
英语阅读方法与解题技巧 阅读方法 省时间\高质量的阅读方法是：一次完成法。即只细读一次，边读 边作题。阅读完成，作题完毕。 阅读步骤 一如果第一段较短，可读完再看第一道题目，看能否做，如不 能做，即问题在第一段中未提及，则接着往下读，读到能做为止。 如果第一段较长，则可读一半或一个层次后，找到中心句，看第 一道题，看能做否，不能，接着读。 二以后几段，先看题后看文章，读一段做一题。如果题目涉及 多段，则看完所有相关段落后，做题。 三近年来，阅读文章一般是五段，一段一题，但自去年开始有变，有时一题涉及多段，一段涉及多题。但每段的题目分配比较均匀。 此种方法的优点：易于精准定位，节省时间，提升准确率。 每篇文章最重要的就是第一段的第一句，最后一句；每段的第一 句和最后一段的最后一句。 因为这些往往是中心句，对于文章的思路，架构，作者的态度， 有很强的说明性。 解题技巧 一主旨题： 主旨题一般会放在第一个或最后一个考。如果放在第一个，则看 完全文再做。
主旨题一般会涉及文章最中心的东西。应注意看文章的第一段和 每段首句实行总结。 准确解的特征：含有文章所涉及的中心词，简明扼要但概括全面。 切记： （1）只反映文章某一细节或某一段落的选项一定不是解 （2）如果文章用了大量的篇幅阐述一个问题或说明一个事物，只 在最后用少量的文字提及了一些与前面所论相反的内容或其他与前面 所论关系不很紧密的内容，文章的主旨不受后面的影响。能概括文章 主要阐述内容的为解。 二态度题： 态度题一般考作者的态度，有时也考文中某人的态度。态度题 最重要的是“看清楚是谁对谁的态度、谁对什么的态度”。 作者的态度一般会孕于文章的行文之中，一些形容词、副词都能 表现作者的态度。 eg：seem 常表示作者对所论问题的否定、批评态度。 only也常表示否定态度。 双重否定表示作者的强烈肯定或强烈否定，所以，此时作者的态 度便不太可能是objective（客观的）了，一般多掺进了作者自己的感情好恶。 有时作者也不直接表明态度，会通过举例或引用他人的话来说明 自己的态度。此时应注意：所引、举的例子与作者所论述的观点是否 一致，可借此来判断作者自己的态度。 注：（1）当问作者其所论内容的态度时，如当备选答案中有indifferent（漠不关心的）时，可首先排除，因为如果作者是漠不关 心的话，就不会写文章论述了。
英语阅读理解解题技巧(超强)
教你“五个绝招”破解英语阅读理解 阅读是增长知识获取信息的主要途径，阅读能力是英语教学的重点。近年来，注重对初中生阅读理解能力的考核已成为中考的一大趋势。阅读理解能力影响并制约听、说、读、写能力的形成和发展，中学英语教学大纲也把培养阅读能力作为一个主要的教学目标。要做好阅读理解，应从以下几方面入手。
英语阅读理解解题技巧
英语阅读理解解题技巧-解题步骤 在做阅读理解时，可遵循三部曲的原则，即：快速阅读短文;认真逐题作答;复查校对答案。 第一步，快速阅读短文;通读测试题，明确考查点。 先读题，明确题目要求，弄清考点，然后带着问题去读文章，这种方法在英语中称为scanning，就是寻读。快速阅读一遍弄清段落大意，对全文有一个整体了解，阅读时从宏观入手，掌握中心意思，注意哪些用以说明中心意思的主要事实和细节，抓住关键词，弄清作者写此篇文章的目的及意图。如遇到生词，应先跳过，继续通读全文，切忌长时间死扣生词，因为有些生词并不影响对全文的理解，还有一些词可以通过上下文推测含义。 第二步，认真逐题作答。 看完短文后，对整篇短文的内容有了大致的了解，然后马上看后面的问题，带着问题去找答案。如果属于客观信息题，就可直接在短文中找到出处。如果是主观判断题，则应迅速再读全文，仔细分析思考，将近似的答案对照原文反复比较，推敲，选出最佳答案。 第三步，仔细校对所选答案。 做完所有题目后，再读一遍短文，逐一检查所有答案是否有误。如果有拿不定主意的答案，不要随意更改。一定要从原文中找到依据，方可更正。 -阅读技巧 ①要快速浏览全文，掌握主旨和大意，特别注意文章的主题句，理出作者的写作思路。(What is the idea?What are facts?)
②要尽快浏览课文后的思考题，尽量带着问题读; ③完成事实细节题时，要找到定位句; ④要把有关WHO，WHAT，WHERE，HOW和WHY等方面内容用笔圈画出来。 ⑤遇到推理判断题时，要注意作者的态度和命题人的意图，不可从个人的经验出发。 “做英语阅读理解时，答题也有讲究。如果同学们具备一定的答题技巧，那么最终将事半功倍。”王老师说，做猜测词义题、细节理解题、主旨归纳题、推理判断题都有一定的技巧。 英语阅读理解解题技巧一、猜测词义题 阅读理解经常会遇到生词，这些生词怎么解决呢?这就需要一些猜词的技巧。 (一)根据生活常识猜测词义 Children are always boasting.They say things like“My Dad's car is bigger than your Dad's，”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.” The word“boasting” means __B___ A.骄傲 B.吹牛 C.顽皮 D.幼稚 Many plants and animals are going extinct.Mammoths，which are related(有关联的) with Asia elephants，are now extinct.There are no mammoths in the world today. 1.A mammoth is a kind of _C___. A.plant B.bird C.animal D.tree 2.The word extinct means _C_ A.出现 B.危险 C.灭绝
高中英语新高考-阅读理解指导和解读：谈语篇阅读技巧(含实例)
高中英语新高考-阅读理解指导与解读：谈语篇阅读技巧（含实例） 两个感悟： 第一、关注语篇阅读文本解读的技能 第二、关注阅读中的问题的生成 第三、多花精力培养外刊好文阅读的习惯（江苏阅读基本选自比较高级的外刊多，多阅读这样的外刊文章会极大提高英语语篇思维的熟悉度） 本套试题阅读学生得分率普遍比较高，原因在于命题没有加大干扰项的难度和文本内容的内在关系没有充分挖掘，解读不够彻底。 但后三篇阅读材料选材非常好，覆盖了高考常见的阅读题材模式，因此我想，学生不要停留在自己的得分上，而要思考：我如何提高阅读的效率和解题准确率？ 我们真的需要一种工匠精神对待阅读！ 唯有此，才能举一反三，以不变应万变。
B Scientists have discovered how the “wiring”of in-built sat-navs in bees’brains helps them plot the most direct route back to their hive.
The researchers have found that a complex network of neurons integrates (整合）every detail of the outbound journeys, helping bees to return directly home. While it has long been known that bees use their vision to navigate (导航), until now little is known about what happens inside their tiny brains as they perform this task. Now, researchers from the University of Edinburgh have discovered neurons（神经元）that detect speed and direction to help guide bees home. The neurons are located in a part of the insect brain called the central complex. Scientists have found this region plays a key role in controlling the navigation system, which is used by many animals, including bees, ants and humans. These cells are used to add up all elements of the outbound journey, creating a memory that bees use to fly home by the most direct route, researchers say. The researchers have discovered the complex workings of the system by studying the brains of nocturnal (夜间的）rainforest bees. They monitored nerve function by attaching tiny electrodes (电极）to bees’heads as the insects were shown virtual reality simulations (模拟)of what they see when flying forward or rotating. Their results, together with microscope studies of how the nerve cells are connected, were used to develop a detailed computer model of the bee’s brain. The model was tested on a simulated bee and on a robot. The findings could lead to the development of new algorithms (算法）for navigation in autonomous robots that do not require GPS or expensive computer systems.
2008高考英语写作实用技巧
2008高考英语写作实用技巧 (一)掌握技巧：(1)注意篇章结构，合理布局开始部分(opening paragraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。正文部分(Body paragraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。结尾部分(concluding paragraphs)——对全文的总结和概括。要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容.(2)确定主题句主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。写主题句应注意以下几点：①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点②提炼出一句具有概括性的话③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。(二)巧用连接词要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词表示罗列增加First, second, third,First, then / next, after that / next, finallyFor one thing … for another…,On (the) one hand…on the other hand,Be sides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,Especially / In particular,表示时间顺序now, at present, recently,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with,later, next, finally,immEDiately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the momentform now on, from then on,at the same time, meanwhile,till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during, 表示解释说明now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreoverfurthermore, in fact, actually表示转折关系but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the otherhand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列关系or, and, also, too, not only …but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor
英语阅读的技巧和方法
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英语阅读理解解题技巧
英语阅读理解解题技巧 “做英语阅读理解时，答题也有讲究。如果同学们具备一定的答题技巧，那么最终将事半功倍。”王老师说，做猜测词义题、细节理解题、主旨归纳题、推理判断题都有一定的技巧。 英语阅读理解解题技巧一、猜测词义题 阅读理解经常会遇到生词，这些生词怎么解决呢?这就需要一些猜词的技巧。 (一)根据生活常识猜测词义 Children are always boasting.They say things like“My Dad's car is bigger than your Dad's，”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.” The word“boasting”means __B___ A.骄傲 B.吹牛 C.顽皮 D.幼稚 Many plants and animals are going extinct.Mammoths，which are related(有关联的) with Asia elephants，are now extinct.There are no mammoths in the world today. 1.A mammoth is a kind of _C___. A.plant B.bird C.animal D.tree 2.The word extinct means _C_ A.出现 B.危险 C.灭绝 Usually people make dumplings at home.If you have no time to make them，you can buy them from any supermarket. Then you take them home and eat them with vinegar. The wor d“vinegar”means 醋 Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen. The words“oxygen and hydrogen”mean 氢和氧 (二)根据上下文的意思来猜测 1.Some people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way.(溜达) 2.She is usually prompt for all her classes，but today she arrives quite late.(准时的) 3.The door is so low that I hit my head on the lintel.(门梁) (三)根据转折、因果关系猜测词义 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如： You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。 (四)通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happya nd gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets V enus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的V enus(金星)、Mars( 火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。 (五)通过构词法猜词 在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，
英语阅读理解技巧很有用
英语阅读理解技巧 一、阅读理解的测试要点 1．理解主旨大意； 2．寻读具体信息； 3．理解细节； 4．根据上下文提供的语境，推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解； 5．简单的判断和理解； 6．理解文段的基本逻辑结构； 7．理解作者的意图和态度； 8．理解文段的文化信息； 9．理解图表信息； 10．理解指代关系。 从高考命题的实际情况看，命题者常用下述方法提问： 1．What is the purpose of the text? 2．What does the author mainly tell US about in the passage? 3．What can we infer from the passage? 4．What can be inferred from the passage? 5．It can be concluded from the text that ? 6．What can we learn from the text? 7．What is the general idea/main idea of the text? 8. The passage mainly focuses on ? 9. What is the main subject discussed in the text? 10. It can be inferred from the passage that? 11. It can be inferred from the that the author seems to? 12. What is the best title of the text/for the article? 13. The best title for this passage is? 14. What can we infer from the last/the first two paragraphs? 15. The meaning of the word/sentence in Paragraph X is related to? 16. In Paragraph X, "X X X" can be replaced by? 17. The underlined word "X "/sentence in Paragraph X probably mean. 18. The text is mainly written to explain. 19. Which of the following statements is true? 20. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text? 基于上述测试要点，学生在阅读过程中必须具备下列技能，才能获取和处理信息：1．略读； 2．找读； 3．预测下文； 4．理解大意； 5．分清文章中的事实和观点； 6．猜测词义； 7．推理判断； 8，了解重点细节； 9。理解文章结构；
英语四级阅读方法与解题技巧
英语四级阅读方法与解 题技巧 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
英语四级阅读方法与解题技巧 省时间、高质量的阅读方法是：一次完成法。即只细读一次，边读边作题。阅读完成，作题完毕。 阅读步骤 一如果第一段较短，可读完再看第一道题目，看能否做，如不能做，即问题在第一段中未提及，则 接着往下读，读到能做为止。如果第一段较长，则可读一半或一个层次后，找到中心句，看第一 道题，看能做否，不能，接着读。 二以后几段，先看题后看文章，读一段做一题。如果题目涉及多段，则看完所有相关段落后，做题。 三近年来，阅读文章一般是五段，一段一题，但自去年开始有变，有时一题涉及多段，一段涉及多题。但每段的题目分配比较均匀。此种方法的优点：易于精准定位，节省时间，提高正确率。每 篇文章最重要的就是第一段的第一句，最后一句；每段的第一句和最后一段的最后一句。因为这 些往往是中心句，对于文章的思路，架构，作者的态度，有很强的说明性。 解题技巧 一主旨题： 主旨题一般会放在第一个或最后一个考。如果放在第一个，则看完全文再做。 主旨题一般会涉及文章最中心的东西。应注意看文章的第一段和每段首句进行总结。 正确解的特征：含有文章所涉及的中心词，简明扼要但概括全面。 切记： （1）只反映文章某一细节或某一段落的选项一定不是解 （2）如果文章用了大量的篇幅阐述一个问题或说明一个事物，只在最后用少量的文字提及了一些与前面所论相反的内容或其他与前面所论关系不很紧密的内容，文章的主旨不受后面的影响。 能概括文章主要阐述内容的为解。 二态度题： 态度题一般考作者的态度，有时也考文中某人的态度。态度题最重要的是“看清楚是谁对谁的态度、谁对什么的态度”。作者的态度一般会孕于文章的行文之中，一些形容词、副词都能表现 作者的态度。. seem常表示作者对所论问题的否定、批评态度。only也常表示否定态度。 双重否定表示作者的强烈肯定或强烈否定，所以，此时作者的态度便不太可能是objective（客 观的）了，一般多掺进了作者自己的感情好恶。有时作者也不直接表明态度，会通过举例或引用 他人的话来说明自己的态度。此时应注意：所引、举的例子与作者所论述的观点是否一致，可借 此来判断作者自己的态度。 注：（1）当问作者其所论内容的态度时，如当备选答案中有indifferent（漠不关心的）时，可首先排除，因为如果作者是漠不关心的话，就不会写文章论述了。 （2）一些表态度的词汇： subjective主观的objective客观的 positive肯定 negative 否定的 optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的 biased有偏见的partial片面的、偏见的 impartial公平的、无偏见的 puzzling困惑的relevant适当的、中肯的 apprecial欣赏的indignant愤怒的 supportive支持的apprehensive担忧的 三例证题： 例证题考察的是文章的逻辑结构。这样的文章结构一般是“先举例后论点”或“先论点后举例” 切记：遇到问“作者举xx例子的目的”时，有关例子本身的选项一定不是解。正确解的特征：跳 出例子本身，从宏观上概括，全面而合情合理。但有的时候会专门考所引的话的意思，这样的题 就属于例子本身题，可具体问题具体分析。 四引证题： 引证题是指对关于于文章中作者引用别人的话或是名言，或是他人的观点等等而设置的问题。做此类题一定要注意看作者所引用的观点与作者自己的观点是否一致，如果一致，可从整篇文章的 思路推理，如不一致，可从文章的反向考虑。 五细节题： 细节题是每篇文章中最多的一种题型。做此类题的要点是：返回原文，找准出处。