直接引语和间接引语用法及练习(含答案)说课材料
直接引语和间接引语
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。
人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：一主、二宾、三不变”。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二
人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。
例如：1) He said, "lam glad to see you. ” He said that he was glad to see me.
2) “ Dyou know the man over there? Mary said to Tom.
T Mary asked Tom if he knew the man over there.
3) Jim said to me, “ Janieft her schoolbag at home. ”
T Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home.
2、时态的变化
(1)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
一般过去时过去完成时
过去完成时过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时过去将来时
般将来进行时过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时过去将来完成时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时，动词时态相应变化表：
He said, "usually watch TV on Su nday. "他说：我常在星期天看电视”。
T He said that he usually watched TV on Su nday. 他说他常在星期天看电视。
He said, I'm usi ng the kn ife. "他说：我正在用小刀。”
T He said that he was usi ng the kn ife. 他说他正在用小刀。
She said, I have not heard from him si nee May. "她说：自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”
T She said that she had not heard from him si nee May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收
到他的来信。
He said , “came to help you."他说：我来帮助你。”
T He said that he had come to help me. 他说他来帮助我。
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时, 变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, The earth is round. "老师说：地球是圆的。”
T The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。
(2)主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
(3)如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变
He says, I' fin ished the work. "他说：我做完工作了。”
He says that he fini shed the work. 他说他做完工作了。
He will say, l"have watered the flowers. "他会说：我己经浇花了。”
He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。
3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
直接引语间接引语
指示代词this/these that/those
时间状语now the n
today that day
to ni ght that ni ght
this week (month thatweek (mon th …)
Yesterday the day before
last week (month the)week (mon th …)before
two weeks (mon
th)ago two weeks (mon ths)before
tomorrow the next day
next week (month the n ext week (mon th …)
地点状语here there
动词come---go Brin g---take
He said, My sister was here three days ago. "他说：三天前我妹妹在这儿。”
T He said that his sister had bee n there three days before. 他说一天前他妹妹在那儿。(here T there; ago T before)
She said, I will come here this evenin g. "她说：今晚我将来这儿。”
T She said that she would go there that evening. 她说那晚她将去那儿。
(come T go ；here T there ; this T that )
以上这些变化，要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
二、当直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that弓I导，但在口语中that可以省去。从句中的人称、
时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化。
例如：She said to me, "icame back an hour ago. ”
T She said to/told me that she had come back an hour before.
三、当直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句时
1疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
2、主句中的谓语动词为said时，要改为asked ;没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语
(女口me, him 等)。
3、句末用句号。
4、从句中的人称、动词时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。
5、原句若为一般疑问句时，用whether或if转
述; He said, “Areyou interested in English? ”
T He asked (me) if /whether I was in terested in En glish.
6 .原句若为选择疑问句时，用whether …or…Mot： or
I asked him, “ Wiiyou stay at home or go to a film tonight? ”
T I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that ni ght.
7.原句若为反意疑问句，则常用whether或if转
述。“You' vedready got well, haven'tyou?” she asked T She asked (me) whether/if I
had already got well.
四、当直接引语是特殊疑问句时
如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用原句中的wh-类的词引导，其余的变化
同直接引语为一般疑问句的情况2—5条一样。例如：
“ Whats your name? he asked me. T He asked me what my name was.
He asked: “ Whereare you to get off, Peter? ”
T He asked Peter where he was to get off.
如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中，疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语，则语序不需要变化。
例如：“ Whosqoicture is the most beautiful in your class? asked the boy 'father.
T The boy'sfather asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.
五、当直接引语是祈使句时
直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语可用如下的结构主语+asked sb. (not) to do sth. ”。
1需将原祈使句中谓语动词变成不定式。如果祈使句为否定句，则用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加not。
2、原主句谓语动词said须改为asked , told或ordered等含有祈使意义的能带宾补的及
物动词。ask sb. (not) to do sth. 表示客气)tell sb. (not) to do sth. (命令性强于上面) order sb. (n ot) to do sth. (命令性最强)
精品文档
例如：
He said, “ Don make so much noise. He told us not to make so much noise.
3、原句有“ please寸，主句谓语多用asked （请求），并去掉please。例如：
He said to me, “ Shu t he window, please. He asked me to shut the window.
4如果以let开头的祈使句表示劝告或建议，可用“ sugges+ that从句”或“ suggest!oing 来转述。例如：
“ Let go tothe cinema. T6'm said. Tom suggested going to the cinema.
T Tom suggested that they should go to the cin ema.
六、直接引语是感叹句时
直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时仍可用what或how引导，词序不变，也可用that引导,
将句子变成相应的名词性从句。例如：
She said, “ Whata lovely day it is! T'She said what a lovely day it was.
T She said that it was a lovely day.
He asked _______ for the computer.
did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. “ Havyou seen the film? heasked me. T He asked me _____________ .
A. had I seen the film
B. have I seen the film
C. if I have seen the film
D. whether I had seen the film
3. “ Pleasclose the window, he' said to me. T He _____________ m e _____ the window.
A. said to; to close
B. told to; clos ing
C. asked to close
D. said to; please close
4. “I m a teacher, Jack said. T He said _____________ .
A. that I am a teacher
B. I was a teacher
C. that he is a teacher
D. he was a teacher
5. He said, “ Mother,the boy is very naughty. T He ____________ - very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was
B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was
D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
“ You already got well, haven you? she asked.
T She asked ________ .
A. if I have already got well, had n ' you
B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well
D. had I already got well. 精品文档
He asked , “Are you a Party member or a League member? ”
T He asked me ________ .
A. am I a Party member or a League member
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
He asked, “ Howare you getting along? t”He asked ____________ .
A. how am I getting along
B. how are you getting along
C. how I was getting along
D. how was I getting along
9. He asked me _______ with me.
A. what the matter is
B. what the mater was
C. what 'th s ematter
D. what was the matter
He said, “ Don d'o t that again. He”________ me ______ that again.
A. said to me; not to do
B. said to me; don 'd t o
C. told me; don 'd t o
D. told me; not to do
11. He asked ________ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay
D. how much I paid
12. Can you make sure _____ the gold ring?
A. where Alice has put
B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice had put
D. where has Alice put
13. These photos will show you ________ .
what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how our village look like
D. how our village looks like
You can 'im t agine _______ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. 精品文档
how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they
D. they were how excited
_____ she said suggested that she hadn 'de t cided ______________ to go or not.
A. What, if
B. That, whether
C. What, whether
D. What, whichever
16. I 'alslk my parents ________ .
A. whether they will agree to go
B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go
D. whether they allow me to
17. ---Do you mind if Jim will come to help?
---I really don 'kn t ow ________ a person like him can help me with.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. if
He asked me if ____________.
the train will late B. the train always arrived late
C. the train arrives on time
D. the train stops here
It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) ______ the world
leading inventor for sixty years.
A. would be
B. has been
C. had been
D. was
20. -Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. ---Where was I?
---You ______ you didn 'lik t eyour father j'ob s.
A. had said
B. said
C. were saying
D. had been saying
31. He asked me ______ I would go to Beijing by air the next day.
A. that if
B. if
C. that whether
D. how
32. —Joyce, please don 'op t en the window. —Pardon?
—I _____ o p e n the window.
A. tell you don 't
B. tell you not to
C. told you didn 't
D. told you not to He they didn 'sta t rt early they wouldn _ c'at t ch the first bus.
精品文档
A. said that if
B. asked if
C. asked whether
D. said that whether
34. He asked ______ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much I paid
D. how much did I pay
The teacher asked us _____ so much noise.
don 'm t ake B. not make C. not making D. not to make
36. The doctor asked me what ____ with me.
A. is wrong
B. wrong is
C. was wrong
D. wrong was
37. He asked the boy where _____ .
A. his mother was
B. was his mother
C. his mother is
D. is his mother
38. They said at last that they _____ better start out at once.
A. had had
B. had
C. had been
D. was
The teacher said that doubt ______ the key of knowledge.
A. were
B. are
C. was
D. Is
40. The actor said he _____ born in 1984.
A. was
B. is
C. be
D. had been
DDCDC BCCDD DABBC CAADC .BDACD CABDA
间接引语详解
人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。 1、引语转换时的句式变化 不同的直接引语句式，如：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则，还要注意根据句意，使用适当的引述动词。（1）陈述句的间接引语 将陈述句转换为间接引语，通常用that引导的宾语从句来表达。连词that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。引述分句的动词常见的有say 和tell等。 He s aid, “I caught[k?:t] a cold yesterday.” 他说：“我昨天感冒了。” →He said (that) he had caught a cold the day before. 他说他前天感冒了。 Helen said to me, “I’m tired of taking such exams[iɡ’z?m].” 海伦说：“我讨厌参加这种考试。” →Helen told me (that) she was tired of taking such exams. 海伦说她讨厌参加这种考试。 He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。
例题： He says,“I like singing and I want to be a singer.” 他说:“我喜欢唱歌,我想当歌手。” →He says that he likes singing and that he wanted to be a singer.他说他喜欢唱歌,想当歌手。 在此种情况下,引导第一个宾语从句的that有时可以省略,但引导第二个宾语从句的that通常不省略,以免误解。 （2）疑问句的间接引语 直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接问句。引述的动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等。间接问句的词序一般都用正常词序，句末不用问号，用句号。 ①一般疑问句的间接引语 直接引语为一般疑问句时，用连词whether或if 引导。 I asked him, “Are you satisfied[’s?t?s'fa?d]with the results[ri'z ?lt]?” 我问他：“你对这结果满意吗？” I asked him whether / if he was satisfied with the results. 我问他对这结果是否满意。 “Did you go to the British ['br?t??]Museum yesterday?” asked Kate. 凯特问：“你昨天有没有去大英博物馆？” Kate asked me whether / if I had gone to the British Museum the day before. 凯特问我昨天有没有去大英博物馆。 The old man said to a passer-by, “Will you tell me the way to get to the Great Wall Hotel?” 那位老人跟一位过路人说：“请问到长城饭店的路怎么走。” The old man asked a passer-by to tell him the way to the Great Wall Hotel. 那位老人请一位过路人告诉他去长城饭店的路。 ②选择疑问句的间接引语
直接引语变间接引语口诀
直接引语变间接引语口诀 在初中英语中直接引语变为间接引语对于学生们来说也是一个难点，因为需要变化的内容很多，这儿有一个关于直接引语变间接引语的口诀，帮助大家来记忆。 直接引语变间接引语口诀： 直引若是一般问，变间if\whether连。语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。 直引若是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。 直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。 told\asked\ordered,根据口气来选定。 告诉人、请人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句, not to do后边行。 直接引语变间接引语的人称变化: 一主二宾三不变. 直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句的宾语,第三人称一般不变。 附直接引语变间接引语的详细介绍： 直接引语就是直接引用别人的话，并把它放在引号内；间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话，不加引号。直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语通常以宾语从句的形式出现。直接引语变成间接引语时还要注意人称的变化、时态的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化及地点状语的变化。 1. 直接引语是陈述句变为间接引语的方法 如果直接引语是陈述句，在变为间接引语时，由连词that引导（在口语中that常省略）。主句中如果有say to somebody （对某人说），通常变为tell somebody （告诉某人）。 He said, “I get on well with people here.” →He said that he got on well with people there. Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.”
【部编语文】二年级部编语文阅读理解技巧 阅读训练策略及练习题(含答案)及解析
【部编语文】二年级部编语文阅读理解技巧阅读训练策略及练习题 (含答案)及解析 一、二年级语文下册阅读理解训练 1．阅读下文，回答问题。 篓子里的青虫 蝴蝶在大白菜上产了一堆卵。后来这些卵变成了一条条小青虫。 小青虫吃菜叶，渐渐长大了。大白菜却被咬得满身小孔。鸡妈妈带着小鸡到菜地捉虫来了。青虫太多了，鸡妈妈一家不停地吃着。 有只小黄鸡越吃越有滋味，心想：“我逮它一大批，藏起来以后吃。”于是，它逮了好多好多青虫，放进一只篓子里。 过了一段时间，小黄鸡想：我该美美地吃一顿了。 它刚把篓子打开，只见一大群蝴蝶飞出来。小黄鸡吓了一跳，连篓子也碰翻了。翻倒的篓子里滚出好多空壳，别的什么也没有。 小青虫呢？它们到哪儿去了？小黄鸡呆住了。 （1）读了短文，我知道小青虫是________（益虫/害虫）。 （2）找出描写小黄鸡心理活动的句子，我们从中可以体会到它________的特点。 ①贪心②目光长远③贪吃 （3）篓子里的那些小青虫没有了，原因是（） A. 它们跑掉了 B. 它们变成了蝴蝶 C. 它们被别的小鸡吃掉了 【答案】（1）害虫 （2）我逮它一大批，藏起来以后吃。② （3）B 【解析】 2．读一读，做一做。小马过河（节选） 妈妈亲切地对小马说___孩子___光听别人说___自己不动脑筋___不去试试___是不行的___河水是深是浅___你去试一试就知道了___ （1）在选段横线处加上合适的标点符号。妈妈亲切地对小马说________孩子________光听别人说________自己不动脑筋________不去试试________是不行的________河水是深是浅________你去试一试就知道了________ （2）你怎样理解选段中小马妈妈对小马说的话？（） A. 别人说的都对。 B. 什么事都要自己去尝试，别人的话不可信。 C. 不要听了别人的话就信以为真，要自己认真思考，亲自去尝试。 【答案】（1）：“；，；，；，；，；。；，；。” （2）C 【解析】
间接引语变直接引语练习
句型变换：（直接引语、间接引语） 姓名： 一、把直接引语改写成间接引语。 1、郑洁悄悄地告诉小勇说：“这件事是我和小刚一起做的。” 2、志愿军战士深情地说：“老妈妈，难道我们会把您忘怀吗？” 3、王飞对李林说：”请你回去时给个信给我妈，说我今天稍微迟一些回家。” 4、王宁说：“我要像李永那样关心集体。” 5、老师对小明说：“我看了你的作文很满意。” 6、小军在电话中对我说：“下个月我一定到你那儿玩。” 7、他想了想说：“我们哪里有近道，还不是和你们一条道。” 8、贝多芬说：“不，我是来弹一首曲子给这位姑娘听的。” 9、爸爸对我说：“今晚我要开会，你和妈妈早点吃饭，别等我。” 10、周瑜长叹一声，说：“诸葛亮神机妙算，我真不如他。”
11、山姆握着珊迪的手说：“我会永远照顾你的。” 12、张林告诉我：“要是星期日下雨，我们就不去看电影。” 13、贝多芬说：“我是来弹一首曲子给这位姑娘听的。” 14、小红说：“今天下午学校组织到野外活动，我必须参加。” 15、王宁说：“我要像李宁那样关心集体。” 16、雨来摇摇头说：“我在屋里什么也没看见。” 17、李楠小声告诉我：“我家在少年宫附近。” 18、小姑娘说：“我要去北京，我要去看看北京的名胜古迹。” 19、老师对王芳说：“学校让你明天出席小学生座谈会。” 20、妈妈对我说：“你今天晚上不能看电视。” 21、爸爸说：“今天晚上你和妈妈先吃饭，我有事。”
22、一个同学对我说：“借我一只笔。” 23、我看祖父还在笑，就说：“你不信，我到屋里拿来给你看。” 25、爸爸感冒了，他说：“明天我要去医院看病。” 26、他说：“我明天去电影院看电影。” 27、姐姐对我说：“你说得对，我就这样做。” 28、张童对我说：“我一定要坚持长跑锻炼。” 29、雷锋对大嫂说：“我送你一程吧！” 30、老师解释说：“梦里飞行，说明你们是在长身体呀。”
高中必修一直接引语变间接引语详解
高中必修一直接引语变间 接引语详解 Jenny was compiled in January 2021
直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句） 一．直接引语和间接引语的定义。 直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语， 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。 Hesaid,“I’mastudent.”（直接引语）→?Hesaidthathewasastudent.（间接引语） 主句从句主句从句 二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化.（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 ★（二）．时态变化 宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）；客观真理，只用一般现在时。 1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。 3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。Teachertoldus:"Themoonmovesroundtheearth." Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth. (三)． 时间状 语变化
★(四)．连接词? 1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。 2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。 3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
英语语法-如何把直接引语转换为间接引语
如何把直接引语转换为间接引语 引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 1. 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that ．．．．引导，很多时候可省略that。例如： She said, "I am very happy to help you." →She said she was very happy to help me. She said, “I will go to Guangzhou tomorrow.” →She said that she would go to Guangzhou the next day/the following day. She said, “I have lived in Foshan for several years.” →She said that she had lived in Foshan for several years. She said, “ I am reading a book now.” →She said that she was reading a book at that time/moment. John said, “I am leaving for Paris on Wednesday” →John said that he was leaving for Paris on Wednesday. 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether ．．．．．．．或if．．（是否）引导。先把直接引语变为陈述句语序，再放在whether或if后面。例如： He asked me, "Do you like playing football?" → →He asked me whether/if I liked playing football. He asked Mary, “Will you come to my birthday party?”
四年级阅读训练含答案完整版
四年级阅读训练含答案 HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】
告诉妈妈，我爱她 连续三个星期，约翰一直忙着拜访客户。母亲节快到了，过去他总要在这一天回到母亲身边，向她送上(衷心忠心)的祝福，但是今年他实在太累了。一天，他驱车路过一家花店时，心想：“给妈妈送上几枝玫瑰（guī gui）不就行了”他大步流星地走进那家小小的花店，只见一个小男孩问店主：“阿姨，6美元能买多少玫瑰”店主对他说：“玫瑰价格太高，不如买康乃馨。” □不□我就要玫瑰□他说□妈妈去年得了一场大病□我却没能在她床前尽孝□所以□我希望选个不同寻常的礼物□看来玫瑰最合适□因为那是她最喜欢的花□男孩态度坚决□ 店主抬眼瞧了一下约翰，继而无奈地摇摇头。可是，男孩的话打动了约翰心灵深处的某种东西。他看着店主，用口形默示他愿意替男孩付清玫瑰花的钱。这下店主放心了，她注视着男孩说：“得，你的6美元能买一打玫瑰。”男孩听罢高兴得差点跳起来。他接过玫瑰直奔（bèn bēn）店外，却不知道约翰为他垫付了35美元。看到男孩如愿以偿，约翰心里同样甜滋滋的。 约翰也在这家花店为妈妈订了鲜花，并再三嘱咐店主送花时务必附上一张纸条，告诉妈妈他是多么爱她。之后他乐呵呵地离开了花店。在距花店大约两个街区的地方，他遇到了红灯。这时，他看到男孩正沿着人行道向前疾走，最终跨过马路从两扇大门进了一座公园——不！突然，他意识到那不是公园，而是公墓。 约翰心血来潮□把车停在路边□开始步行顺着篱笆追赶男孩□他跟男孩只差30步□男孩在一座墓碑前停下□跪在地上□小心翼翼地把玫瑰花摆好□接着便抽泣不止□男孩边哭边说□妈妈呀□妈妈□，我真后悔□没告诉你我是怎样爱你□上帝啊□请你找到我妈妈□对她说我爱她□ 约翰转过身，泪水像涌泉一般流出眼眶。他返回汽车，快速赶回花店，告诉店主他将亲自把鲜花送给母亲。 1、划去括号中不恰当的字或音节。 2、在□中填上合适的标点符号。 2、联系上下文，解释下列词语的意思。 如愿以偿：
直接引语改为间接引语的变化
直接引语改为间接引语的变化 1.人称的变化。其规律为：一从主，二从宾，三不变。具体为： （1）如果直接引语的主语是第一人称，变化时，该人称与主句的主语保持一致。 如：Mary said, “I want to forget the past.”→ Mary said (that)she wanted to forget the past. （2）如果直接引语的主语是第二人称，变化时，该人称与主句的宾语保持一致。 如：He said to me,“Do you want to ask about the lab?” → He asked me if I wanted to ask about the lab. （3）如果直接引语的主语是第三人称，变化时，该人称保持不变。 如：Jim said ,“They are going to do their homework..”→ Jim said (that) they were going to do their homework. 2.时态的变化。 （1）如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句原有时态保持不变。 如：Mary says,“I we nt to see the movie yesterday.” →Mary says that she went to see the movie yesterday.” （2）如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态会有以下变化(科学事实、自然规律除外)。 a.一般现在时→一般过去时 b.一般将来时→过去将来时 c.现在进行时→过去进行时 d.一般过去时→过去完成时 e.现在完成时→过去完成时。也就是说要落后一个时态。 3.直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及动词都会发生相应的变化，变 4.各种句型的直接引语改为间接引语的方法。 （1）.陈述句改为间接引语时，常用动词said, told，连词that,多被省略。 如：Ben said, “I won’t go to Marcia’s house on Friday night.”→ Ben said (that)he wouldn’t go to Marcia’s house on Friday night. Lana said to me,“I’m not mad at you anymore.” → Lana told me(that)she wasn’t mad at me anymore. （2）.一般疑问句常用if或whether来将其改为间接引语（选择疑问句只能用whether），常用ask来引述，可以加间接宾语。语序为陈述语序。 如：She said,“Could I copy your homework?” → She asked (me)if/whether she could copy my homework. She said,“Is this book yours or hers?” →
人教二年级下册语文试题课外阅读训练带答案解析(1)
人教二年级下册语文试题课外阅读训练带答案解析(1) 一、部编版二年级下册语文课外阅读理解 1．现代文阅读 有一只小鹿得了病。病好了，他的角却变成了灰色。他很伤心。这天，他在草丛里睡着了。两只小黄鸟落在了他的角上，用树枝和干草搭（dā）窝。等灰角鹿醒来时，一个漂亮的鸟窝已经在他的角上搭好了。灰角鹿想：小鸟搭一个窝多不容易啊，我走路得小心点儿。 有一天，灰角鹿听到头上有叫声，原来鸟妈妈孵（fū）出了一只小鸟。下雨了，灰角鹿躲到树下，不让雨淋着小乌；天晴了，灰角鹿站到暖暖的阳光里，让小鸟晒太阳。 小鸟长大了，三只鸟叼（diāo）来了许多柳枝和喇叭花，放在灰角鹿的头上。灰角鹿的灰角变成了“花角”，漂亮极了。 （1）小鹿因为（），角变成了灰色。 A.受伤 B.生病 C.淋雨 （2）“两只小黄鸟用______和_________在灰角鹿的角上搭了窝。”根据短文内容，横线上应填（）。 A.树枝鲜花 B.树枝干草 C.鲜花干草 （3）两只小黄鸟在鹿角上搭窝的原因，最可能是（）。 A.两只小黄鸟把鹿角当成了树枝 B.两只小黄鸟不喜欢灰角鹿 C.鹿让两只小黄鸟把鹿角当成树搭窝 （4）灰角鹿的灰角是怎么变成“花角”的？ （5）你喜欢灰角鹿吗？为什么？ 解析：（1）B （2）B （3）A （4）小鸟长大了，三只鸟叼来了许多柳枝和喇叭花，放在灰角鹿的头上。 （5）我喜欢灰角鹿。因为他很善良，他能容忍小鸟在他的角上搭窝，而且他还帮小 鸟躲雨和让小鸟晒太阳，处处为小鸟着想，所以我喜欢他。 【解析】 2．读一读，做一做。 乌鸦反哺 乌鸦不仅聪明，而且很孝顺父母。 乌鸦小时候，都是由他的爸爸妈妈飞出去找食，然后回来一口一口喂给他吃。渐渐地，小乌鸦长大了，乌鸦的爸爸妈妈也老了，飞不动了，不能出去找食了。这时，长大的乌鸦没有忘记爸爸妈妈的哺育之恩，也学着他们的样儿，天天飞出去给他们找吃的。不管是“呼
直接引语和间接引语用法及练习(含答案)
直接引语和间接引语用法及练习(含答案)
直接引语和间接引语 直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。 人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：“一主、二宾、三不变”。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。 例 如： 1) He said, “I am glad to see you.”→He said that he was glad to see me. 2) “Do you know the man over there?” M ary said to Tom. →Mary asked Tom if he knew the man ov er there. 3) Jim said to me, “Jane left her school bag at home.” →Jim told me that Jane had left her sc hoolbag at home.
2、时态的变化 （1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般过去时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时(不变) 一般将来时过去将来时 一般将来进行时过去将来进行时 一般将来完成时过去将来完成时 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表： He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。 →He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。 He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”
最新直接引语变间接引语口诀详解(附练习)
直接引语变间接引语 口诀 人称，时态，状语始终变 一主二宾三不变 时态向后退一格 状语变化见表格 陈述that 可省略 一般疑问用if(whether) 特殊疑问去助动 以上语序为陈述 祈使句选动词（tell,ask,order，beg） 将它改为不定式 详解 人称变化 一主She said. "My brother wants to go with me tomorrw. "→ She said her brother wanted to go with her the next day. 二宾Jack said to me,“You look worried today.” Jack told me that I looked worried that day. 三不变The teacher asked,”Has she read enough this week?” The teacher asked if she had read enough that week. 陈述that 可省略 She said. "I have a pen."→She said that she had a pen. She asked me , “ what is it?” →She asked me what it was. 一般疑问用if(whether) She asked me , “Do you like watching TV? ” → She asked me whether I liked w watching TV. 特殊疑问去助动 They asked: “ where do you come from?”→ They asked where you came from. 附表： 时间状语、地点状语、指示代词和动词的变化：
直接引语变间接引语专项练习题(答案)
直接引语变间接引语专项练习题 一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词： 1. “I am having supper,” he said. He said that _______ _______ having supper. 2. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister. 4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.” The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon. 5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me. He told me that he _______ met her the day _______. 6. “You must come here before five,” he said. He said that I _______ to go _______ before five. 7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said. She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks _______. 8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said. He _______ _______ I had read the book the week _______. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He _______ Jim that he _______ sit there 10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother _______ _______ _______ found it. 11. “Where have you been these days?” he a sked. He asked me _______ _______ _______ been _______ days. 12 “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked _______ _______ knew where she _______. 13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said. He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet. 14. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said. She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window. 15. “Are you interested in this?” he said. He _______ _______ I was interested in _______.
小学二年级语文阅读训练及答案
学会把句子写完整我的大名：________________ 一、成语接龙 百花争艳——艳阳高照——照猫画虎——狐假虎威——威风八面——面面俱到 二、阅读训练 春妈妈的三个小姑娘 春妈妈回来了， 带来了三个淘气的小姑娘。 雷姑娘天天敲着鼓儿玩， 敲醒了天空， 敲醒了田野， 敲醒了沉睡的山庄。 雨姑娘天天洒着水儿玩， 洗绿了大树， 洗青了小草， 洗红了花朵的脸儿一张张。 风姑娘天天吹着气儿玩， 吹柔了树枝， 吹长了青草， 吹得春天朝前长。 啊，春天来了， 春妈妈带来了三个能干的小姑娘。 1.春妈妈带回的三个小姑娘是________、________、________。 2.照样子，写一写。 例：一张张 ________ ________ ________ 3.照样子，连一连。 蔚蓝的大地 无边的天空 沉睡的田野 清新的空气 4.万物复苏、花红柳绿……你还知道哪些形容春天的词语？请写一写。———————————————————————————————————————————
快乐的小鸟 爸爸是树干， 妈妈是枝叶， 我是树上的小鸟。 树干支撑（chēng）着我， 树叶为我挡风雨。烈日当空， 我不怕， 浓密的枝叶遮住骄阳； 寒风袭来，我不怕， 庞大的树干托起我温暖的巢（cháo）。 我为枝叶欢唱， 我为树干舞蹈， 我是一只快乐的小鸟。 1.在“（）”里填上适当的词语。 （）的小鸟（）的枝叶（）的树干（）的巢 （）的土地（）的天空 2.给下列多音字注音并组词。 （）__________ （）___________ 当乐 （）__________ （）——————3.照样子，写句子。 我是．一只快乐的小鸟。 我是_______________________________。 4．你认为小鸟为什么觉得自己快乐？
高中直接引语和间接引语详解与习题
直接引语和间接引语详解与习题 一、直接引语和间接引语的定义 1. 直接引语：别人直接说的话，一般直接放在引号内。如： (1) My mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, then you can play with your friends.” (2) Our teacher said, “Class is over, we should have a rest.” 2. 间接引语：用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是： (1) My mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends. (2) Our teacher said class was over and we should have a rest. 二、直接引语与间接引语的变化 直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况： 1. 现在时间推移到过去时间 所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。例如： She said, “I am hungry.” → She said (that) she was hungry. Vince said, “I have found what’s wrong with the computer.” → Vince said he had found what was wrong with the computer. 在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即：(1) 当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时： He said, “The word ‘laser’ is an acronym(首字母缩略词).” → He said the word ‘laser’ is an acronym. (2) 当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时： “I’m forty,” he said. → He sai d he is forty. (3) 当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时： He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go.” → He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go.
高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解资料讲解
高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解 一、概述 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。 Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语） Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语） 从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下： 二、直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that 从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。 1、人称的变化 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。 He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。 →He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变) He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。” →He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told 改为had told) He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s→she had，her不变，your→my） 2、时态的变化 （1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表： He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。 →He said tha t he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。 He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。” →He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。 She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没收到他的来信。”→She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自五月以来她就没收到他的来信。He said，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。” →He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。” →He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。 Zhou L an said, “I'll do it after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。” →Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。
直接引语变间接引语规则
直接引语变间接引语规则 (一)时态的变化：主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时态，直接引语中的谓语动词的时态须做下列变化: 一般现在时变为一般过去时 (但直接引语是客观事实、永恒真理，变成间接引语时，时态不变。 例如：They told their son :”The earth goes round the sun.” They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.。 (二)人称的变化：要根据句子 意思改变人称，如:I--he,she; we--they等等。 “一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worke (三)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化，动词变化： this--that; these--those; now--then; yesterday--the day before; today--that day; tomorrow--the next day; next week(month, year)--the next week(month,year); ago--before; here—there; brig—take; come--go.
小学五年级语文阅读理解提升训练2(含答案)
小学五年级语文阅读理解提升训练2（含答案） 小驴儿的理想 小驴儿的理想就是盖一所很高很高、四面都有窗户的房子。房子里设楼梯和滑梯两条路。上楼的时候从楼梯往上走，下楼的时候“哧溜”一下就能滑下来。‖ 小驴儿把自己的理想对大伙儿一说，小动物都齐声说好。 燕子说：“小驴儿，你快盖房吧，到时候我把家安到你的屋檐下，咱们当邻居。” 小猴们说：“小驴儿，你快盖房吧，到时候我们天天到你家滑滑梯。” 喜鹊说：“小驴儿，你快盖房吧，到时候我搬到你的房顶上住，再也不用担心刮风树摇了。” 小驴儿心里美滋滋的。‖ 许多年过去了，懒惰的小驴儿没有准备一块砖，没有准备一根木料，甚至连房基地也没有选好呢！它一遍又一遍地对动物们说着自己的理想。 又是一个春天来了。小驴儿又遇上了燕子和喜鹊，又对它们说：“等我修好了房子，咱们当邻居。”燕子和喜鹊都一声不响地飞走了。这时，心直口快的小猴凑了过来，对小驴儿说：“你说干就干吧，不要光说大话了。” 小猴的话刺中了小驴儿的要害，它气得说不出话来。过了老半天，它突然仰起头，顿着脚，发怒地喊：“我——要，我要盖——盖一所最高最高的房子！” 小猴和其它动物见小驴儿这样发怒都给吓跑了。‖ 一年一年过去了，直到今天，光说不干的小驴儿还没有盖上它理想的房子，它还在想着：“我要盖——盖一所最高最高的房子！” ‖ 1．按分好的段归纳段意。 2．写出文章中画有横线的词语的反义词。 担心——（）懒惰———（） 3．“小驴儿心里甜滋滋的”句子中“甜滋滋”一词的意思是 4．仔细地看看文中画有“____”的句子，用“甚至”一词写一句话。 5．读了《小驴儿的理想》一文后，您有什么感想？
我爱旅游 我最爱什么？——不瞒你说，我呀，最爱旅游了。我跟着爸爸登过雁荡山，游过西湖，还钻过金华的双龙洞呢！ 去年暑假，爸爸带我去绍兴。可是，我一到那儿，却像泄了气的皮球。因为这儿既没有苏州那样小巧玲珑的园林，也没有无锡那样波光粼粼的湖水。呈现在我眼前的，只有又深又窄的小巷和式样古老的房屋。真没劲！第二天，爸爸带我到鲁迅爷爷少年时读书的“三味书屋”。爸爸一手搭着我的肩，一手指着书屋里的一张桌子说：“这就是鲁迅爷爷童年读书的课桌。他小时候学习很刻苦。一天，因为上学迟到而受到老师严厉的责备，他就在自己的桌沿上刻了一个?早?字，来时时提醒自己，后来，他再也没有迟到过。”我凝视着那书桌上的“早”字，顿时浮想联翩。我仿佛看到少年的鲁迅早早地背上书包来到书屋认真地朗读课文又仿佛看到他放学归来早早地打开作业本仔细地完成当天的作业鲁迅爷爷的这种早字精神真值得我学习 打这以后，我明白了旅游可不是纯粹的游山玩水，它能让我们在游玩中得到启发，学到书本上没有的知识，让我们大开眼界。我心里藏下了一个愿望：将来一定要跑遍祖国的山山水水。 1．挑选正确的答案在括号里打上“√”。 ①“我最爱什么？——不瞒你说”这里的破折号表示： A．意思的转折（）B．声音的延续（） C．表示底下是解释说明的部分（） ②“可是，我一到那儿，却像泄了气的皮球。”这一句用的修辞手法是： A．比喻（）B．夸张（）C．拟人（） 2．在文中用“~~~~”画出联想的句子。 3．给文中未加标点的部分加上标点。 4．归纳本文的中心思想。 我的“小老师” 我的弟弟是我的小老师。别看弟弟个头还不到我的鼻尖，英语都学了一年啦！嘿，他和爸爸对起话来，叽哩咕噜能说上一大段呢！我这个刚学英语的姐姐只得干瞪眼。 我放下姐姐的架子，去求弟弟教我。调皮的弟弟一听，立刻正经起来，挺严肃地满口答应。每天晚上弟弟都给我上课。他发音准，清脆流利和电视英语节目的声音一模一样。 弟弟不仅教得准，而且管得也很严。我一个字母拼不准，就得反复读几遍；个字母写不好，就得练两行。他站在一旁，手背后，绷着面孔，拧着眉毛，可认真啦！