一份通用 Makefile示例

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#
# Generic Makefile for C/C++ Program
#
# Author: ChengMing
#
# Description:
# ------------
# This is an easily customizable makefile template. The purpose is to
# provide an instant building environment for C/C++ programs.
#
# It searches all the C/C++ source files in the specified directories,
# makes dependencies, compiles and links to form an executable.
#
# Besides its default ability to build C/C++ programs which use only
# standard C/C++ libraries, you can customize the Makefile to build
# those using other libraries. Once done, without any changes you can
# then build programs using the same or less libraries, even if source
# files are renamed, added or removed. Therefore, it is particularly
# convenient to use it to build codes for experimental or study use.
#
# GNU make is expected to use the Makefile. Other versions of makes
# may or may not work.
#
# Usage:
# ------
# 1. Copy the Makefile to your program directory.
# 2. Customize in the "Customizable Section" only if necessary:
# * to use non-standard C/C++ libraries, set pre-processor or compiler
# options to and linker ones to
# (See Makefile.gtk+-2.0 for an example)
# * to search sources in more directories, set to
# * to specify your favorite program name, set to
# 3. Type make to start building your program.
#
# Make Target:
# ------------
# The Makefile provides the following targets to make:
# $ make compile and link
# $ make NODEP=yes compile and link without generating dependencies
# $ make objs compile only (no linking)
# $ make tags create tags for Emacs editor
# $ make ctags create ctags for VI editor
# $ make clean clean objects and the executable file
# $ make distclean clean objects, the executable and dependencies
# $ make help get the usage of the makefile
#
#===========================================================================
## Customizable Section: adapt those variables to suit your program.
##==========================================================================
# The Compiling Mode, Options: Debug, Release
MODE = Debug
# dependencies must be up to date,Options: Yes, No
CHECK_DEPS = Yes
#==================================================================
# The pre-processor options used by the cpp (man cpp for more).
CPPFLAGS =
# The options used in linking as well as in any direct use of ld.
LDFLAGS =
# The lib list to be linked.
LIBS =
# The directories in which source files reside.
# If not specified, only the current directory will be serached.
SRC_DIRS =
# The executable file name.
# If not specified, current directory name or `a.out' will be used.
APP =
## Implicit Section: change the following only when necessary.
##==========================================================================
# The source file types (headers excluded).
# .c indicates C source files, and ot

hers C++ ones.
SRCEXTS = .c .C .cc .cpp .CPP .c++ .cxx .cp
# The header file types.
HDREXTS = .h .H .hh .hpp .HPP .h++ .hxx .hp
# The pre-processor and compiler options.
# Users can override those variables from the command line.
CFLAGS = -O2 -Wall
CXXFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)
# Debug flag Options: -g, -g2, -g3
DEBUG_FLAG = -g
# std flag Options: -std=c99,-std=iso9899:199409, -std=c89
STD_FLAG = -std=c99
# The C program compiler.
CC = gcc
# The C++ program compiler.
CXX = g++
# Un-comment the following line to compile C programs as C++ ones.
#CC = $(CXX)
# The command used to delete file.
RM = rm -f
CTAGS = ctags
CTAGSFLAGS =
## Stable Section: usually no need to be changed. But you can add more.
##==========================================================================
SHELL = /bin/sh
#------------------------------------------------------------#
EMPTY =
SPACE = $(EMPTY) $(EMPTY)
ifeq ($(APP),)
CUR_PATH_NAMES = $(subst /,$(SPACE),$(subst $(SPACE),_,$(CURDIR)))
APP = $(word $(words $(CUR_PATH_NAMES)),$(CUR_PATH_NAMES))
ifeq ($(APP),)
APP = a.out
endif
endif
#----------------------#
ifeq ($(OS),Windows_NT)
APP := $(APP).exe
endif
#----------------------#
ifeq ($(MODE),Debug)
CFLAGS += $(DEBUG_FLAG)
endif
#----------------------#
ifeq ($(SRC_DIRS),)
SRC_DIRS = .
endif
#----------------------#
ifneq ($(STD_FLAG),)
CFLAGS += $(STD_FLAG)
endif
#==========================================================
#SOURCES = $(foreach d,$(SRC_DIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(SRCEXTS))))
#HEADERS = $(foreach d,$(SRC_DIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(HDREXTS))))
SOURCES = $(wildcard $(SRC_DIRS)/*$(SRCEXTS))
HEADERS = $(wildcard $(SRC_DIRS)/*$(HDREXTS))
SRC_CXX = $(filter-out %.c,$(SOURCES))
OBJS = $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))
DEPS = $(OBJS:.o=.d)
## Define some useful variables.
DEP_OPT = $(shell if `$(CC) --version | grep "GCC" >/dev/null`; then \
echo "-MM -MP"; else echo "-M"; fi )
DEPEND = $(CC) $(DEP_OPT) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
#---------------------------------------------------------#
DEPEND_d = $(subst $(DEBUG_FLAG),,$(DEPEND))
COMPILE_c = $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c
COMPILE_cxx = $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c
LINK_c = $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
LINK_cxx = $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
#---------------------------------------------------------#
PRODUCTS = $(APP) $(OBJS)
#==================================================================
.PHONY: all objs ctags clean distclean help show
# Delete the default suffixes
.SUFFIXES:
all: $(APP)
# Rules for creating dependency files (.d).
#------------------------------------------
%.d:%.c
@echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
@$(DEPEND_d) $< >> $@
%.d:%.C
@echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
@$(DEPEND_d) $< >> $@
%.d:%.cc
@echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
@$(DEPEND_d) $< >> $@
%.d:%.cpp
@echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
@$(DEPEND_d) $< >> $@
%.d:%.CPP
@echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
@$(DEPEND_d)

$< >> $@
%.d:%.c++
@echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
@$(DEPEND_d) $< >> $@
%.d:%.cp
@echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
@$(DEPEND_d) $< >> $@
%.d:%.cxx
@echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
@$(DEPEND_d) $< >> $@
# Rules for generating object files (.o).
#----------------------------------------
objs:$(OBJS)
%.o:%.c
$(COMPILE_c) $< -o $@
%.o:%.C
$(COMPILE_cxx) $< -o $@
%.o:%.cc
$(COMPILE_cxx) $< -o $@
%.o:%.cpp
$(COMPILE_cxx) $< -o $@
%.o:%.CPP
$(COMPILE_cxx) $< -o $@
%.o:%.c++
$(COMPILE_cxx) $< -o $@
%.o:%.cp
$(COMPILE_cxx) $< -o $@
%.o:%.cxx
$(COMPILE_cxx) $< -o $@
# Rules for generating the tags.
#-------------------------------------
ctags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
$(CTAGS) $(CTAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
# Rules for generating the executable.
#-------------------------------------
$(APP):$(OBJS)
ifeq ($(SRC_CXX),) # C program
$(LINK_c) $(OBJS) -o $@
@echo Type ./$@ to execute the program.
else # C++ program
$(LINK_cxx) $(OBJS) -o $@
@echo Type ./$@ to execute the program.
endif
#==========================================================================
# If dependencies have to be up to date then include dependencies makefiles.
#-----------------------------------
ifeq ($(CHECK_DEPS), Yes)
ifneq ($(DEPS),)
sinclude $(DEPS)
PRODUCTS += $(DEPS)
endif
endif
PRODUCTS += TAGS tags
#==========================================================================
clean:
$(RM) $(OBJS) $(APP)
distclean:
$(RM) $(PRODUCTS)
rebuild: clean all
# Show help.
help:
@echo
@echo 'Usage: make [TARGET]'
@echo 'TARGETS:'
@echo ' all (=make) compile and link.'
@echo ' objs compile only (no linking).'
@echo ' tags create tags for Emacs editor.'
@echo ' ctags create ctags for VI editor.'
@echo ' clean clean objects and the executable file.'
@echo ' distclean clean objects, the executable and dependencies.'
@echo ' rebuild clean and make all again.'
@echo ' show show variables (for debug use only).'
@echo ' help print this message.'
@echo
# Show variables (for debug use only.)
show:
@echo 'OS :' $(OS)
@echo 'APP :' $(APP)
@echo 'MODE :' $(MODE)
@echo 'SHELL :' $(SHELL)
@echo 'SRC_DIRS :' $(SRC_DIRS)
@echo 'HEADERS :' $(HEADERS)
@echo 'SOURCES :' $(SOURCES)
@echo 'SRC_CXX :' $(SRC_CXX)
@echo 'OBJS :' $(OBJS)
@echo 'DEPS :' $(DEPS)
@echo 'DEPEND_d :' $(DEPEND_d)
@echo 'COMPILE_c :' $(COMPILE_c)
@echo 'COMPILE_cxx :' $(COMPILE_cxx)
@echo 'LINK_c :' $(LINK_c)
@echo 'LINK_cxx :' $(LINK_cxx)
@echo 'PRODUCTS :' $(PRODUCTS)
## End of the Makefile ## Suggestions are welcome ## All rights reserved ##
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