主谓一致及倒装(基础讲解)
主谓一致和倒装
【真题再现】
1. Look, the set of keys ______ on the teacher's desk. （2016 安顺）
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. was
2. — What are you going to do this weekend? （2016 咸宁）
—I together with my classmates ______ going to climb Mount Qin.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. were
3. — I ' m not going swimming this afternoon （2016 宜宾）
— __________ . I have to help my mother do some clea ning.
A. So am I.
B. So I am.
C. Neither am I.
D. Neither I am. 4. — I have read the book Sense and Sensibility. — . （2016 黑龙江龙东地区） A. So have I B. Neither have I C. So I have
5. — What _______ the number of the students in your school? （2016 泰安）
—About two thousa nd. A nu mber of them from the coun tryside.
B. is; is
C. are; is
D. are; are
'd better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit good for 7. There A. is
B. be
8. The traffic is moving very slowly as so many cars Shanghai.（2016 上海）
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
9. — ___________ there any livi ng thi ngs on other p la nets? （2017 广东）
—I have no ideas . Maybe we can know more about that in the future . A . Is
B . Are
C . Has
D . Have 10. Doi ng eye exercises _____ o ne of the useful ways to p rotect our eyes. （2017
哈尔滨） A . is
B . are
C . were
【答案与解析】 1. C 。句意：看，这串钥匙在老师的桌子上。 根据句意可知这句话的主语是 the set of keys , 强调的是一串钥匙，所以谓语动词用单数形式，所以选 Co
2. B 。本句意为：一一这周你准备做什么？一一我和我的同学去爬秦山。这里
with my pare nts 只是作为伴随成分，with sb.是作为伴随成分，不影响谓语动词的形式；主语为 I ，故 答案选B 。
3. C 。句意：一今天下午我不打算去游泳。一我也不打算去，我不得不帮助妈妈做清洁。 so +主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语：某某确实如此，与上文是同一人。 so +主语+助动 词/情态动词/系动词：某某人也如此，与上文不是同一人。上文是否定句，下文表示某某也
不，用neither +助动词+主语。这些句式在时态，人称上与前一个句子相同。根据上句是否 定句，故选Co
4. A 。本题意为： ---- 我已经读完了《理智与情感》这本书。 ------ 我也是；So have I 我
A. is; are 6. An dy,
you you.（2016 淮安） B. are C. was D. were.
____ a photo of my family in my purse. （2016 龙岩） C. are
________ on their way back
也是；Neither have I 我也没有；So I have 我确实是，故答案选 A 。
5. A 。本题意为：一一你学校有多少人？一一大约两千人。他们中的大多数来自农村。
the number of 意为" .. 的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式，故第一空选
is ； a number of 意为 “许多，一些” ，后面通常接可数名词复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式，所以第二空选 答案为 A 。
6. B 。本句意为：Andy ，你最好不要只吃肉。你应该知道牛奶和水果对你有好处。两个
或两个以上的人和物用连词 and 连接做主语时，谓语动词不用第三人称单数。本句为一般现 在时，故答案选 B 。 7. A 。本句句意为：在我钱包里有我家人的照片。本题考查 photo ”可知本空应该为单数形式，故选 A 。
8. C 。句意：车辆行驶非常缓慢，因为那么多汽车在回上海的路上。由空处前的 知谓语应用are ,故答案为C 项。
9. B 。句意为：其他星球有没有生物呢？我不清楚。或许我们以后会对它了解更多。 there be 句型不能和have 同时使用，故排除 C 、D 两项。“living things ”为复数，所以be 动词应 用复数,故选 B 。
10. A 。句意：做眼保健操是保护眼睛的有效方法之一。
动名词短语“Doing eye
exercises ”
作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式,故选 A 。 用法讲解】
考试要求： 从学英语开始就涉及主语和谓语的一致性，是英语学习及考查的基础，从单项选择到 书面表达， 都可能涉及到主谓一致的问题， 是中考试卷必考题目。 主谓一致就是句子的谓语 动词形式在人称和数上必须和句子的主语保持一致，叫主谓一致。这种关系一般要遵循三 个原则：语法上一致的原则；意义上一致的原则和就近一致的原则。
倒装句因为与汉语语言习惯的不同和较多的句型结构而成为初中英语的难点， 虽然初中 英语涉及到的倒装句型不算太多， 在中考试卷中也总有一定的比例， 尤其在阅读理解和完形 填空中对上下文的理解会有很大的影响，因此也是中考复习的重点。
1. 语法一致原则
谓语和主语通常从语法形式上取得一致， 主语为单数形式， 谓语动词也用单数形式； 主语 为复数形式，谓语动词也为复数形式。如：
The boy is clever enough to study maths well. 这个男孩够聪明，可以把数学学好。 Everybody in my class tries to do well in English. 我们班每个人都努力学好英语。 （1）下列情况谓语动词只能用单数：
1）不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
如： Water is very important to the trees. 水对树来说非常重要。
2）动词不定式或者动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如： To improve your English is the most important work. 提高你的英语是最重要的工作。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。
3）不定代词 each ，one ，another ，something ，somebody ，nothing ， nobody ， everyone ， everything ， anyone ， anything 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如： Somebody is waiting for at the gate. 有人在大门口等你。
Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事只怕有心人。 4）如果句子的主语是单数，尽管后面有 with ， together with ， as well as ， like ，
are ；
there be 句型，由空后的 “ a cars 可
but，except
等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数形式。
如：My mother with her students often has a picnic in a park. 我的妈妈经常和她的学生在公园里野餐。
5）固定短语one of ＋名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One of the boys
in our class goes to school by car.
我们班一个男孩坐小汽车上学。
6）固定短语the number of ＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The number of students in our school is more than two thousand. 我们学校学生的数量超过二千。
（2）下面的情况谓语动词只能用复数：
1）a nd或both…and连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：He and his brother are both teachers. 他和他的哥哥都是老师。
2）b oth, all, few, several, many 等修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：All his friends have come. 他的朋友都来了。
Many girls are fond of dancing. 许多女孩子都喜欢跳舞。
3）表示总称意义的名词，如：people, cattle, police 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The police are asking them questions. 警察正在询问他们一些问题。
Your clothes are very dirty. 你的衣服非常脏。
4）“ the+形容词（或由分词演变而来的形容词）”作主语，表示“一类人”时谓语动词用复数。如：The rich are not always happy. 富人也不总是幸福的。
The wounded are still in hospital. 所有受伤的都在住院。
5）固定短语“ a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A number of students come from Sichuan. 许多学生来自四川。
6）主语是表示两个相同的部分构成的物体的名词，女口：clothes, trousers, shoes, boots, glasses （眼镜）, socks, gloves, compasses 等作主语，谓语动词用复数，但这些名词被this/a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Her shoes are green. 她的鞋子是绿色的。
This pair of shoes is very expensive. 这双鞋子非常昂贵。（3）下列情况谓语动词可用单数也可用复数：
1）数词作主语且表“加减乘除”时，谓语动词通常用单数，但是也可用复数。如：
Nine and one is/ are ten. 九加一等于十。
Two times three is/ are six. 二乘以三等于六。
2）“none/neither of+代词復数名词”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，但在口语中也可用复数。如：
None of us knows/ know how to work out this problem. 我们中没有人知道如何解这个题。Neither of you like/likes playing football. 你们两个都不喜欢踢足球。
3）一些集合名词，如family ，class，group, team 等作主语时，表示整体意义时，谓语动词
用单数形式；当它们强调指个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：His family isn 'tlarge. 他的家庭不大。（指家庭的整体）
His family were watching TV when I arrived. 当我到时，他的一家人正在看电视。（指具体的家庭成员）
2.意义一致原则
（1 ）表示时间、距离、重量、长度和价值的名词，尽管是复数形式，作为一个整体来看待，谓语
动词通常用单数形式。
如： Three weeks is already enough for you to finish the work. 三个星期对你们完成这个
工作已经足够了。
(2)不定代词 all, most, some 等作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所指代名词的数。 如： Most of the apples were bad. 大部分苹果是烂的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a mouse. 这个苹果的大半被老鼠吃掉了。
(3)
用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如： bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork ( 刀叉 )等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如： Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink. 威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜欢的饮料。
(4) 不定数量的词组作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面
名词的数。 如： part of, a lot of,
lots of, one of, a number of, plenty of
如： A part of the textbooks have arrived.
3. 就近一致原则：
(1) 由连词 either … or , neither …nor , 通常与离它最近的主语保持
一致。
如： Neither you nor your father is able to help me. 你和你爸爸都不能帮助我。 Either you or I go swimming with our father. 我或者你可以和爸爸一起去游泳。
(2) there be 句型中，谓语动词 be 往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。 如： There is a dictionary and some books on the desk.
桌上有一本词典和一些书。
4. 倒装句的概念 :
英语句子通常有两种语序 :一种主语在前 ,谓语在后 ,称为自然语序；另一种谓语的一部分 或整个谓语在前 ,主语在后 ,称为倒装语序，如英语的疑问句形式。在初中阶段倒装句一般都 作为特殊句型来处理。
5. 初中接触过的倒装句型：
( 1 ) so + be/ 助动词 / 情态动词 +主语 表示“……也是这样” ，用于描述谓语所说情况也适用于另一个人或另一个事物，只能用在 肯定句，注意上、下句所使用的动词的时态要一致。如： You can ride a bike. So can I. 你会骑自行车，我也会。
He has been to Beijing. So have I. 他去过北京，我也去过。
Lin Ping was there last night. So was everyone else in my class. 林平昨晚在那里，我们班其他人昨晚也都在那里。 He saw the snake, and so did I. 他看见那条蛇了，我也看到了。 注意： 上句中前句谓语动词是行为动词，
所以后句中要加助动词 did 。就像行为动词变疑问句一样，
句子如果有be 、助动词(如：have , will 等)和情态动词(如： can , must 等)，就把这些词 放在另一个主语前；如果没有，就要加
do ， does 或 did 。
辨析： S0+主语+ be/助动词/情态动词，此句型不是倒装句，只是单纯地重复前面一句的意思， 表示“的确如此、就是这样” 。如：
—My little brother can swim in the sea. 我的小弟弟能在大海里游泳。
—So he can. 的确如此。
—He gets up very early. 他起得真早。
等。 一小部分教科书已运
not only …but also 及or 连接的并列主语，谓语动词
—So he does. 确实很早。
(2) neither/ nor + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语
表示“……也不这样”。用法和句型so + be/助动词/情态动词+主语一样，只是意义上表示否定。如：
The first one isn 't good, and neither is the second. 第一个不好，第二个也不好。
They didn 't come last night. Nor did I. 他们昨天晚上没有来，我也没有来。
（3）以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子。为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，词。这时的主语必须是名
不加助动词，主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来
了。
Here it comes. 它来了。
In came our teacher. 我们老师进来了。
Out rushed the boys. 男孩子们冲了出去。
（4）表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。
这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do。如：
Under a big tree sat a fat man, half asleep. 树下坐着一个胖男人，似乎睡着了。
（5）there 放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“ there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be ,而用表示“存在”的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie 等动词代替be。如：There came shouts for help from the river. 从河里传来了呼救声。
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house. 房子前面是一大片麦田。
主谓一致和就近就远原则
创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 主谓一致和就近就远原则 就近一致原则 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。 一、在正式文体中： 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“there be+句型；or either...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;not only...but also”等。 Eg. (1)What he does or what he says does not concern me. 他的行为或言谈与我无关。 (2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 (3)Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。
(4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了，他也错了。 2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。 Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。 (2)There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 非正式文体中： 有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“no one”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。总结：英语就近原则短语 1.There be句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk. 2.Neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right. 3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. =Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday. 4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. =Not only Ann’s parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.
主谓一致,倒装
一．主谓一致（指主语和谓语动词在…人称?和…数?方面的一致关系。）主谓一致遵循以下三条原则（形合，意合，就近） 1．形合（主单→谓单；主复→谓复） ★1．由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数e.g. Both milk and coffee are on sale in Walmart supermarket. Ru Hua and Wang Xiaohu are a couple. ◆注：⑴and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念(and 后无冠词)，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. The teacher and writer has come. Bread and butter is the breakfast of the western people. and所连接的表示同一概念的短语有：a horse and cart马车, a knife and fork刀叉, bread and butter涂有黄油的面包 ⑵由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 e.g. In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. ★2. 用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either, neither 等+ of +复数名词/人称代词作主语时，谓语用单数。 e.g. Neither of his parents is a doctor. They are both teachers. Every one of the students is studying hard. ◆注：(1)“both of +复数名词/人称代词”作主语时，谓语用复数。Both of them are students. (2) none作主语时如果指人或可数的物，表数目，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数名词，表量，谓语动词用单数。e.g. None of that money on the table is mine. None of us is/are interested in your new subject. (3)在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 但在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the （only）、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only就用复数形式。 He was one of the students who were late for school . ★3. each, either, neither, another, the other 和由some, any, no, every + thing/ one/ body构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. There is something wrong with my computer. Everyone is ready for the big dinner. I have two sisters. One is a doctor, the other is a nurse. ◆注：each作同位语，谓语动词仍与主语一致。 They each have a book. ★4. 不定式/动名词（短语）作主语，谓语用单数。 e.g. Doing morning exercises is good for your health. To teach is to learn. 如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。 e.g. To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. ★5.all/most/ part /some/none/half/plenty/a lot/lots/the rest/分数/百分 数+of+ n. 等短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。此名词可数，则谓语用复数；此名词不可数，则谓语用单数。All of the work has been finished. Part of the work has been done by us . Let?s eat the food fi rst. The rest is going to be given to them. ★6. 成双成套的词如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors ，socks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 ◆注：如果这类名词前用了a pair /two pairs等修饰，则谓语与pair 的单复数一致。The shoes in the shop are beautiful. A pair of shoes was sold out this morning. ★7．由“a/this kind of, many kinds of”或…n. + of this kind?，以及由与kind 意义相似的type, sort 等词构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语与of前的名词保持一致。A kind of bird has been discovered by them.Machines of this kind are very useful. ★8. a number of后面加复数名词或代词，谓语用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。 The number of the students in our school is over 20 thousand. A number of students are coming to our school to learn English. ★9. 倒装句中谓语单复数要看其后面的主语。 There comes the bus. Between the two buildings is a supermarket. ★10. 主语后面跟有with ，together with ，along with ，as well as ，but ,except, besides, like ，including, rather than, in addition to等引导的介词短语+其它名词时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The women with two children is my aunt . Everyone here, including children and old people, is for the plan. Mary, along with her boyfriend, goes climbing every Sunday. 2．意合（主语表单数概念→谓语单数；主语表复数概念→谓语复数） ★1. 主语表事物的总称，若指有生命的集合体，如people, police, staff，cattle, crew等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。The police are looking for the missing boy. 主语表事物的总称，若指无生命的集合体，如traffic, clothing, fruit, equipment等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 ★2. 复数形式、单数意义的名词作主语 (1)有些词形似复数，实为单数，其作主语时谓语用单数. 常见的有： 抽象名词news ，学科名词maths，physics ，politics，报纸、杂志名The New York Times,专有名词James, the United States等 The United States was founded in 1776. The New York Times sells well all over the United States . ◆但clothes, goods(货物), works(著作)，the Olympics等词或短语 作主语时，谓语用复数。 The Olympics are held every four years. (2) 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词或短语作主语时，应将 它们看作一整体，谓语用单数。Ten years is a long time. Five million dollars is a lot of money. ★3. “the +形容词”表一类人（如the poor ，the rich ，the young，the old ，the dead ，the sick，the brave 等）作主语，谓语用复数； 1
(完整word版)主谓一致 详解 超详细
1、形式一致 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式 2、语意一致 谓语动词用单数的清况 1）当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt． Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test． Ten miles seems like a long walk to me． 2 以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名，谓语动词用单数 以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。 这类单词有：economics经济学electronics电子学 physics物理学politics政治学 mathematics数学statistics统计学 Roots was a novel about a slave family． His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend． Politics is his favorite subject． Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce． Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn． 3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：My luggage was sent by air． The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain． 4) 不定式、现在分词和从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数： Playing with fire is dangerous． 注意：若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit． When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided． 主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定 What she said is correct．What he gave me are five English books． 谓语动词用复数的情况 1）由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如： Fire and water do not agree． 注意如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。
主谓一致和就近就远原则
主谓一致和就近就远原则 就近一致原则 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。 一、在正式文体中： 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“therebe+句型； oreither...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;notonly...but also”等。 Eg. (1)What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈与我无关。 (2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 (3)Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。 (4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了，他也错了。 2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。 Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and theshouts of the people. 在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。 (2)There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。非正式文体中： 有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“noone”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
总结：英语就近原则短语 1.Therebe句型 Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk. 2.Neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right. 3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday. 4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Notonly Ann’s parentsbut alsoshestays athome everySunday. 就远原则 谓语动词与前面主语一致 代表词汇：as well as;(together/along)with;Rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from例子：He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom. 主谓一致 一、当主语后面与with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,no less than,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。 1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,___visitinga museum when the earthquake struck. A.was B.were C.had been D.would be
九年级英语总复习(十三)主谓一致和倒装句
(十三)主谓一致和倒装句 主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。预计2016年主要考查主谓一致的基本用法，there be句型是考查的重点；倒装句主要考查so与neither引导的倒装句。 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一
致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 ①语法一致原则 使用情况例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、 不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice. and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health. The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming.
未完 初三英语专项训练十三主谓一致和倒装句
2012年全国中考题组 1.How much ________ the pair of shoes? – Twenty dollars _________ enough. A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are 2.–Leo, ___________no milk or eggs in the fridge.- Oh, I’ll go and buy some right away. A. it is B. there is C. there are 3.–There __________ a tiger and two chimpanzees in the zoo. Let’s go there this weekend. A. are B. is C. has D. have 4.In our school library, there _________ a number of books on science and the number of them ________ growing larger and larger. A. is; are B. are; is C. have; is 5.–My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow. – Shall we go together? A. So am I B. So do I C. So I am D. So will I 6.–I heard Huang Gang made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday. - ______, and __________. A. So he did; so did I B. So did he; so I did C. So he was; so was I D. So was he; so I was 7. -Tom, I am watching football match. What about you? - __________. A. So do I B. So am I C. So I do D. So I am 8. Last Sunday my aunt __________ at home with me. We were watching TV all day. A. was B. were C. is D. are 9.The reading room ___________ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there. A. am B. is C. are D. be 10.Everyone ________ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong. A. find B. think C. finds D. thinks 2010-2012年全国中考题组 1. Either Sam or Jane ________ TV now. A. were watching B. are watching C. is watching D. was watching 2. – It’s very hot, but quite wet today. - ____________.A. So is it B. It is so C. So it is D. So it does 3.One of my friends _______already moved to London.A. do B. does C. have D. has 4. Every student as well as some teachers who _________ to visit the museum __________ asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 in the morning.. A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are 5.The news ___________ very interesting! Tell me more!. A. is B. are C. were D .was 6.I hear one third os the books in Wuhu Library ________ new. Let's borrow some. A. is B. are C. was D. were 7. Not only my grandma but also all of us _______ looking forward to meeting my uncle . A. am B. is C. are 8. His father likes going hiking. ________. A. So does his mother B. So is his mother C. So his mother is D. So his mother does 9. Everyone except Tom and John ____________ seen the film. A. is B. has C. are D. have 10. - After reading the story about Jin jing, I was very ___________. - ____________. She's really brave.
主谓一致讲解
主谓一致 一、以并列结构作主语的主谓一致 1．由and/ both… and连接的并列主语 1）Both Mr. Smith and his son (has, have) gone fishing. 2）Bread and eggs (is, are ) a good breakfast. The manager and secretary (is , are ) not here. 3) 当and 连接的名词词组有each, every 或many a等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。 e.g. Every girl and every boy in this room (is, are) studying hard. Many a boy (was, were) sad after seeing the film. 2.由or/ nor/ either… or/ neither…nor/ not only…but also连接的并列结构作主语，依据“就近原则” e.g. My sisters or my brother (is, are) likely to be at home. Either my father or my brothers (is, are ) coming. Not only he switches but also the old wire (has, have) been chagend. 3. 主语+ as much as/ rather than/ more than/ no less than/ as well as/ in addition to/ with/ along with/ together with/ except/ but 等引导的从属结构时，其后的动词取决于主语本身的形式e.g. Some of the workers as much as the manager (was, were) responsible for the loss. His brother rather than his parents (is, are) to blame. My wife, more than anyone else in the family (is, are ) eager to go there again. The father as well as his sons (is, are) going to the park tomorrow. No one except two girls(was, were) late for dinner. 二、数量概念名词作主语的主谓一致 1.表示确定数量的名词词组作主语 1）如被看做是一个整体，谓语动词用单数 如被看做是组成该数量的个体，谓语动词用复数 e.g. Six months (is, a re) too short a time. There (is ,are ) six coins in my pocket. 2) “分数/ 百分数+ of”的结构，谓语动词依of 后面的名词而定 e.g. Over sixty percent of the city (was, were) destroyed in the war. Thirty-five percent of the doctors (was, were ) women. 3)one in/ one out of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数 e.g. One in ten students (has, have) failed the exam. 4) 两数想减或相除，谓语动词用单数 两数相加或相乘，谓语动词单复数均可 e.g. Forty minus fifteen (leaves, leave) twenty-five.
主谓一致(就近原则练习)01
笨老师分享课堂:主谓一致(就近原则练习)01 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、单选题 1．There _______ a teacher and some students in the park. A．am B．is C．are D．be 2．Because of too much homework, neither you nor James _______ to the cinema to enjoy the fantastic movie named Ready Player One. A．goes B．doesn’t go C．don’t go D．go 3．There some soup and some hamburgers for you on the table. A．have B．has C．are D．is 4．Not only Ciqikou but Hongyadong ________ well-known to people around China now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 5．Here _______ some delicious apples. A．have B．has C．are D．is 6．There _____ some water in the bottle. A．are B．is C．isn’t D．aren’t 7．Not only his parents but also he ______ crazy about the foreign films. A．am B．is C．are D．be 8．There _____ a number of workers in this factory, and the number of them _____ increasing. A．is, is B．are, is C．is, are 9．---What's in your bag?---There ______a wallet, some books and a pen. A．is B．are C．has D．have 10．---______there______ orange in the fridge, Mum?---No. Only apple juice. A．Is；any B．Are；any C．Are；some D．Is；some 11．Not only his friends but also he _______ happy when they heard of the exciting news. A．is B．are C．was 12．Not only children but also my husband _____crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea (《红海行动》 A．is B．are C．am D．be 13．Not only my friends but also I interested in playing basketball in our free time.
倒装句、强调句、主谓一致
倒装句 一、英语倒装的概念与分类 英语句子的结构一般是“主语+ 谓语”，语法上称这种语序为自然语序。但有时由于出于语法结构的需要或修辞的需要，常把句子中的一部分或全部倒转过来，这种语序就是倒装语序。 英语的倒装分为部分倒装和完全倒装。其中部分倒装指的是将谓语的一部分位于主语前，其句式与一般疑问句的相同。如： She hardly has time to listen to music. =Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 他几乎没时间听音乐。 而完全倒装则指将谓语动词完全置于主语前。完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件：①谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be)的不及物动词，且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。 ②主语只能是名词。 Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。 The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。 二、几类常见的部分倒装句类型 1. 否定型倒装 在正式文体中，如果将never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后的句子要用部分倒装。如： 后来我再也没见到过他了。 I never saw him again. →Never did I see him again. 他很少出去吃饭。 He seldom goes out for dinner. →Seldom does he go out for dinner. 她几乎没时间听音乐。
l主谓一致讲解最全面主谓一致讲解
主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉
(完整word版)主谓一致三个原则
Agreement between subject and verb 主谓一致主要有以下三个原则： 1、语法一致原则（5种情况） 2、意义一致原则（10种情况） 3、就近原则 语法一致原则 1．and连接不同的人或事时作主语时,谓语动词用复数；但如果连接的名词指的是同一人或物, 或同一概念时, 谓语要用单数。The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance. The knife and fork ____on the table. 2. 不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。What he is doing seems very important. Collecting stamps is his hobby. 3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you. I, who am a teacher, lack humor. 4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：The teacher together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 5. many a, more than one与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。Many a boy has seen it. More than one student is required to redo the homework. 意义一致原则 1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples ____rotten. All of the apple ____rotten. 2. the rest of; half of; part of; the majority of等以及分数、百分比在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。 Half of the students _____finished their composition. Half of the water ____(pollute). 3. 集合名词作主语，强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, audience, team, government, group。 His family ____already________(move)to France. His family ____all music lovers. 4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单 数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。 people指“民族”时是例外。 The police__________ searching for a thief. The cattle____________eating grass on the hill. 5. 不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody…等Someone is asking for you. 6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses, pants, shorts等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。 Here _____ a new pair of shoes for you. 7．某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 8. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50. 9. 单复数同形的名词, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means is useful.。Not all means are useful. 10. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等 就近原则 either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。 应该注意的几个问题: 1. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Between the two windows ________（hang）a picture. 2.a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词单复数看后面的名词。 A large quantity of people __________needed here. quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: Quantities of food (nuts)___________ on the table. 3. 表示数量的one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.