高三英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)含解析

高三英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescription．It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo.

A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or ail empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen?

The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The doctor will heal the body for us if we let it. But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better.

Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all.

A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it. The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo．

（1）What do we know about placebo according to the passage?

A. It contains some sort of medicine.

B. It won't function if you are negative about medicine.

C. People who don't believe placebo can't be healed by it.

D. Patients and doctors know clearly how it helps to heal the body.

（2）Why is the doctor sometimes the most powerful placebo?

A. The patient needs help badly．

B. The patient believes in the doctor．

C. The doctor knows better about your body．

D. The doctor has carefully studied medicine．

（3）What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A. The placebo.

B. The bad effect.

C. The body.

D. The medicine.（4）What is the passage mainly about?

A. Placebo：Work on Your Mind

B. Placebo：The Most Powerful Medicine

C. Placebo：The Best Doctor

D. Placebo：Heal Your Body

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，安慰病人的心理使病人的情绪得到舒缓，从而有利于病情的痊愈。

(1)考查细节理解。纵观全文可知，一些医生仍然认为，如果安慰剂有坏的影响，它应该永远不会被使用，他们认为对安慰剂仍然没有足够的了解。所以此处的it是指的安慰剂。故选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“A placebo is a sugar pill，a harmless shot，or ail empty capsule．”可知安慰剂不会起到医学上的作用。故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据文章的描述有时候病人是不需要使用药物的，医生给病人开出安慰剂，病人觉得安慰剂有很大的作用是因为他们很相信医生。故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文讲述的是有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，这时候就会安慰病人的心理，病人的情绪得到舒缓从而有利于病情的痊愈。这被叫做安慰剂。通常是空的甜胶囊，作用于病人的心理，帮助他们调节心情，从而有利于病情痊愈。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(万亿)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.

Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing different sound patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern"A-B-B". Another order was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern “A-B-C”. The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order. Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words and grammar." Position is key to language," she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”

Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies－regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio－learned nothing.

（1）What makes connections in a baby's brain?

A. Having a higher IQ.

B. Experiencing new information.

C. The baby' early age.

D. The connection with other babies.

（2）What did Judit Gervain and her team find in the experiment?

A. Babies identify different sound patterns.

B. Word order is relevant to meaning.

C. Babies can well understand different words.

D. A certain brain region processes language.

（3）What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3?

A. Grammar is important in learning languages.

B. Different orders have different meanings.

C. Different languages have different grammar.

D. Words have different sounds.

（4）What is the main conclusion from the study led by Patricia Kuhl?

A. Babies shouldn't watch a lot of television.

B. Listening to different languages develops babies' brain.

C. Foreign languages help babies' brain develop.

D. Social communication improves babies' brain development.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain.可知，婴儿接收到不同信息，可以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns.可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选A。

（3）句意猜测题。根据第三段"If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: 'John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”可知，有些东西

放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John，意思是不一样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development.可知，通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学，对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的，并且后面的实验表明，面对面的语言输入才有效，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Our mother earth is going through a very tough situation and we, the entire human race, are destroying our environment or unconsciously without even realizing its consequences. Now we have to act very smartly and plan something to sustain what we still have, getting all necessary support from nature to lead healthy lives.

Gardening is always an excellent and environmentally friendly idea. If you can go for sustainable gardening, then it will be even more useful for all. Gardening is a favorite hobby for many. It is time to channelize your hobby towards a more meaningful motivation.

When we do gardening we need to use different ingredients to grow plants. Some of them are natural resources like water, soil, sunshine, and many things like this. Using these resources smartly is a part of sustainable gardening. Some simple techniques include: use less water and organic things to grow plants; try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening; try using less energy to drive devices; avoid using plastics in any form while gardening; reuse the leaves from your garden to fertilize them. These are the basic sustainable measures. To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them.

In today's busy life we don't get much time to spend on our environment. Gardening gives us a chance to do so. We can also have some pesticide-free and fresh food if we grow them in our garden. This is the right time to do some good to protect our own environment and gardening is one of the easiest ways. Do you want to start gardening, but you're not sure how? Click here: http://www. Garden how https://www.360docs.net/doc/29450660.html,e.

（1）What does the underlined word “channelize" in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Cause.

B. Transform.

C. Direct.

D. Associate.

（2）Which of the following belongs to a sustainable measure?

A. Using advanced electrical machines.

B. Avoiding fertilizers.

C. Watering plants with collected rainwater.

D. Clearing away the leaves.

（3）What is the benefit of sustainable gardening?

A. It requires little water.

B. It needs no fertilizer.

C. It breaks up plastics.

D. It doesn't waste any resource.

（4）Where is the passage probably taken from?

A. A newspaper.

B. The Internet.

C. A guidebook.

D. A science report.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍怎样合理利用资源发展园艺，不浪费资源，不产生对环境有害的物质以保护地球。

（1）考查词义猜测。本句中channelize来源于channel“渠道，频道”，根据已有的意思于选项相结合可知，channelize为指导，导向的意思，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening”可知，使用存储的雨水来浇灌植物，是属于可持续发展的措施，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them.”可知，用这样的方法，可以合理利用资源，不浪费资源，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Click here: http://www. garden how https://www.360docs.net/doc/29450660.html,.”可知，本文来源于网站，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

You may think that the story of Pygmalion (《卖花女》, 1913) --- in which people are judged by the way they talk --- is something that only existed in the days of British high society. But thanks to etiquette (礼仪) expert and author William Hanson, we realize that little has changed during the past 100 years.

In a BBC radio program, Hanson released a list of common words used in British English that could reveal whether a person is "common" or "fashionable".

And yet here comes the interesting part: While some of us might go through life using fancy words, dressing in ways that make us appear more well-off than we really are, there are wealthy people in the world who try to hide their riches because they want to be seen as "normal" instead of "showy".

Beatrice, for example, is a New Yorker who inherited (继承) millions of dollars. She told The New York Times that she has a habit of removing the price tags (价签) from her clothes so her house staff don't see them and feel uncomfortable.

"We don't want that 'Wow'." said Scott, also a New Yorker, who had just inherited over $50 million. "We're just not the type of people who wear it on our sleeve."

（1）What does William Hanson find?

A. People failed to judge others' manner.

B. People judge others by their way of talking.

C. People tend to use more polite words.

D. People meet impolite persons frequently.

（2）What do rich people prefer to do?

A. To hide their riches.

B. To earn more money.

C. To think highly of their wealth.

D. To judge others by their wealth.

（3）Why did Beatrice remove the price tags on her clothes?

A. To show off her fashion sense.

B. To change people's attitude to rich people.

C. To pretend to be normal.

D. To avoid making people around her uncomfortable.

（4）What does "it" in the last sentence mean?

A. The price tag.

B. The brand label.

C. The inheritance contract.

D. The Times magazine.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，揭示如今人们依然会从你的说话用词上来判断你是“普通的”还是“时髦的”。

（1考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But thanks to etiquette (礼仪) expert and author William Hanson, we realize that little has changed during the past 100 years.”可知，William Hanson认为我们现在仍旧如同以前一样通过人们讲话的方式来判断一个人。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“…there are wealthy people in the world who try to hide their riches because they want to be seen as 'normal' instead of 'showy'”可知，富人更喜欢隐藏起他们的财富。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“She told The New York Times that she has a habit of removing the price tags (价签) from her clothes so her house staff don't see them and feel uncomfortable.”可知，Beatrice除掉衣服上的价格标签是为了避免让她周围的人感到不舒服。故选D。

（4）考查代词指代。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，Beatrice除掉衣服上的价格标签是为了避免让她周围的人感到不舒服。因此推断Scott说：我们不想要那些“Wow”，我们不是那种袖子上戴着商标的人。此处的“we”指的是Beatrice和Scott，故it指的是价格标签。故案选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和代词指代两个题型的考查，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

The Mokoko tribe (部落) lived on the wrong side of the island of two faces. The two sides, separated by a great cliff (悬崖), were like night and day. The good side was watered by rivers and was filled with trees and abundant food, while on the wrong side there was hardly any water or plants, and wild beasts crowded together. The Mokoko had the misfortune of having always lived there, with no way to cross to the other side. Their life was hard and they lived in permanent terror of the beasts.

Along the edge of the cliff separating the two sides, a skinny but strong tree grew, with which

they could build two poles. There was no doubt that the tribe would choose the great chief and doctor to use the poles. But when the two of them were given their chance to make the jump, they didn't dare to. They thought that the pole could break or it would not be long enough. They put so much energy into these thoughts that they gave in.

But into that tribe were born Nam and Ariki, a pair of young hearts. One day, they decided to take up the poles. Nobody stopped them, but everyone did try to discourage them, trying to present how dangerous the jumping was, using a thousand explanations.

"And what if what they say is true?" wondered the young Naru.

"Don't worry. I am a bit scared too, but it doesn't look so difficult," replied Ariki, ever determined.

"But if it goes wrong, it will be a terrible end," continued Naru, undecided.

"Perhaps the jump will go badly. But staying forever on this side of the island surely won't work out well either."

"You're right. Let's do it tomorrow."

And on the next day, Naru and Ariki jumped to the good side of the island. When taking up the poles, while feeling their desire, the fear hardly allowed them to breathe. And while flying through the air, helpless and without support, they felt that something must have gone wrong and death awaited them. But when they landed on the other side, they thought the jump really hadn't been so bad after all.

（1）What situation were the Mokoko faced with?

A. They lived a difficult life without fearing the beasts.

B. They suffered a lot due to the terrible environment.

C. They had easy access to the good side.

D. They were surrounded by trees and rivers.

（2）How did the chief and doctor feel when they were chosen?

A. Frightened.

B. Energetic.

C. Desperate.

D. Satisfied.

（3）What's the tribe members' reaction when Nam and Ariki decided to take up the poles?

A. The members desired to follow their steps.

B. The members tried to prevent the behaviour.

C. The members convinced them of the danger.

D. The members encouraged them to have a try.

（4）What can we infer about Naru and Ariki?

A. They overcame difficulty with courage and determination.

B. They felt relaxed in the whole process of making the jump.

C. They never doubted the difficulty in making the jump.

D. They hesitated to make the jump over and over again.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个岛被大的悬崖分成完全不同的两部分，好的一面有水有树食物充足而另一面几乎没水没植物，野兽聚集。这个部落正好位于条件很恶劣

的一面。讲述了Nam 和Ariki不畏艰险用勇气和决心克服了困难来到了岛的好的一面。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The Mokoko tribe (部落) lived on the wrong side of the island of two faces. The two sides, separated by a great cliff (悬崖), were like night and day. ---The Mokoko had the misfortune of having always lived there, with no way to cross to the other side. Their life was hard and they lived in permanent terror of the beasts.”可知，由于可怕的环境他们遭受了很多。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“There was no doubt that the tribe would choose the great chief and doctor to use the poles. But when the two of them were given their chance to make the jump, they didn't dare to”可知，首领和医生被选上时他们感到害怕。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“They thought that the pole could break or it would not be long enough. They put so much energy into the se thoughts that they gave in.”可知，成员确信他们是危险的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据两个人的的对话“ And what if what they say is true?" wondered the young Naru. Don't worry I am a bit scared too, but it doesn't look so difficult, replied ariki, ever determined. "Perhaps the jump will go badly. But staying forever on this side of the island surely won't work out well either. "You're right. Let's do it tomorrow."和文章最后一句 But when they landed on the other side, they thought the jump really hadn't been so bad after all”可知,他们用勇气和决心克服了困难。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

One of the main decisions you must make when traveling is deciding where to stay. A place to stay can often make or break a holiday. Whether you are looking for a classy hotel or a night under the stars, we can guide you through your different options.

Bed and Breakfast

An English invention, bed and breakfasts, offers exactly what they suggest, a bed for the night and breakfast in the morning. “B&Bs”，are usually someone's private home, often found in the countryside.

Hostels

For those traveling on a tight budget, hostels are the best accommodation option. Informal places usually with a lovely relaxed atmosphere, they offer dormitory beds for rent. Bathrooms are usually down the hall.

Remember to check reviews by previous guests online before you book your hostel.

Couch Surfing

An unusual but interesting option, couch(沙发) surfing is a growing trend among young internationals. The idea is that you become a member of the online couch-surfing community (www. couchsurfing. com) and then when you travel, look up other members in that country and ask to stay on their couch. Most hosts will suggest sightseeing trips and take you out in the evening, making it a great way to see things that aren't in your guidebook. And remember, it may

be free but don't forget to offer to buy your host a drink or dinner.

Camping

Sleeping under the stars! For budget travelers staying at camping grounds is the cheapest way to travel. The drawback is having to carry a tent with you. Camping grounds can be found across Europe, America and Australia. However, if you intend on camping in busy cities check first where the nearest place for camping is. More often than not, they are on the edge of cities, which can mean lengthy bus rides into town when you want to eat or see the sights.

（1）What will hostels provide for budget travelers?

A. A positive experience.

B. Dormitory beds for sale.

C. Reviews by previous guests.

D. Beds and private bathrooms.

（2）What is the advantage of couch surfing?

A. You can have a couch to sleep on.

B. You don't have to pay any money.

C. You can explore the nightlife there.

D. The host will share the expense with you.

（3）What is the disadvantage of camping?

A. Sleeping in the open air.

B. Taking some extra articles.

C. Camping near big cities.

D. Using public transportation.

（4）What may the four alternatives have in common?

A. They help you save money.

B. They help you make friends.

C. They offer you good reviews.

D. They offer you nice views.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，为手头资金紧张的出门旅游者介绍了四种住宿方式：住宿兼次日早餐的旅馆、青年旅舍、睡沙发旅行和露宿，并介绍了各自的优点和不足之处。

(1)考查推理判断。根据Hostels部分中的“Informal places usually with a lovely relaxed atmosphere”可知，这些非正式的场所给你一种轻松愉快的氛围，会让你有一次积极的体验。故选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据Couch Surfing部分中的“Most hosts will suggest sightseeing trips and take you out in the evening, making it a great way to see things that aren't in your guidebook.”可知，到旅游时寻找这样的家庭，主人给你提供自家的沙发代替旅馆，在夜晚，主人会带你出去转悠，你能看见在旅游指南上找不到的东西。故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。最后一节谈到露宿，说它能让你在星空下睡觉，不方便的地方是你出门时得带着帐篷，要额外携带一些物品。故选B。

(4)考查推理判断。本文介绍了四种经济的出行方式：住宿兼次日早餐的旅馆，青年旅舍，睡沙发旅行和露宿。从各部分的介绍看，这四种选择都不像旅馆那么贵，可以帮你省钱。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists:

Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world's problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.

Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term machines might decide the world would be better without humans.

Scientist C: I'm a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what's happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.

（1）What is Scientist B worried about?

A. AI technology will destroy the earth.

B. Computers can't think by themselves.

C. Robots will take the place of humans.

D. Humans will be unhappy without machines.（2）What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. I launched the campaign to Stop Killer Robots.

B. We forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator.

C. “Murderbots” can't decide by themselves.

D. “Murderbots” wil l be against humans' orders.

（3）Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?

A. Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.

B. The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.

C. “Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.

D. All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.

（4）Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?

A. Scientist A

B. Scientist B

C. Scientists B & C

D. Scientists B & A

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列出了三位科学家对于人工智能的评价。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”可知，科学家B担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。

(2)考查代词指代。由画线句上文内容可知，自主的“杀人机器人”是否服从人类的命令，这将决定谁杀死谁，因此推断此处的this指杀人机器人不服从人类命令，这将是非常不道德的，非常危险的。故选D。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”可知，机器人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。故选B。

(4)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知，科学家A认为人工智能积极因素比消极因素多；根据第三段中的“there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”和第四段中的“It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知，科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能消极因素比积极因素多。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Just a few years out of law school, I decided that I wanted to write fictions. The only thing I had ever published before was a law-review article. I had made great efforts to write when I came home at night after work, but I was too tired. I decided to quit my job.

I began my new life on a February morning. I sat down at my kitchen table at 7:30 am and made a resolution. Every day I would write until lunchtime. Then I would lie down on the floor for 20 minutes to rest my mind. After that, I would return to work for a few more hours.

In my first year, I sold two stories. Then I wrote a novel, but I thought it wasn't good enough, so I ended up putting it in a drawer. My second novel, Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk, was published to glowing reviews and received the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction.

My success sounds like a familiar story, but actually it was far from sudden. I quit my job, and for every story I published in those years, I had at least 30 rejections. The novel that I put away in the drawer took my four years. My breakthrough came in 2006, 18 years after I first sat down to write at my kitchen table.

Sometimes genius (天才) is just the thing that comes out after 20 years of working at your kitchen. Also, doing something truly creative requires the energy of youth. Orson Welles made his masterpiece, Citizen Kan, at 25. T. S. Eliot wrote The Love Song of J. Afred Prufrock at 23.

（1）When did the author decide to devote himself to writing fictions?

A. When he was tired from his work.

B. Straight after graduation from law school.

C. On being informed his law-review article came out.

D. When his hobby was disturbed by his work.

（2）We can infer from the second paragraph that the author .

A. led a wealthy life

B. arranged his life reasonably

C. was too diligent to relax himself

D. remained single

（3）What does the author mainly intend to tell us in this passage?

A. Failure is the mother of success.

B. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

C. It is never too old to learn.

D. It is the first step that costs troublesome.

（4）Why did the author give the example of Orson Welles and T. S. Eliot?

A. To make a comparison between them and himself.

B. To show creativity needs energy and efforts.

C. To persuade the readers of their great talents.

D. To recommend their two masterpieces.【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过讲述自己成功的经历，进一步证实了“失败是成功之母”的道理。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I had made great efforts to write when I came home at night after work, but I was too tired. I decided to quit my job.”可知，当他的爱好被他的工作打扰时，作者决定投身于写作小说。故选D。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I began my new life on a February morning. I sat down at my kitchen table at 7:30 am and made a resolution. Every day I would write until lunchtime. Then I would lie down on the floor for 20 minutes to rest my mind. After that, I would return to work for a few more hours.”可知，我们可以从第二段推断出作者合理安排了他的生活。故选B。

(3)考查目的意图。根据第四段中的“My success sounds like a familiar story, but actually it was far from sudden. I quit my job, and for every story I published in those years, I had at least 30 rejections. The novel that I put away in the drawer took my four years. My breakthrough came in 2006, 18 years after I first sat down to write at my kitchen table.”可推知，失败是成功之母。故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Sometimes genius (天才) is just the thing that comes out after 20 years of working at your kitchen. Also, doing something truly creative requires the energy of youth. Orson Welles made his masterpiece, Citizen Kan, at 25. T. S. Eliot wrote The Love Song of J. Afred Prufrock at 23.”可知，作者引用Orson Welles and T. S. Eliot的例子是为了要表现出创造力需要能量和努力。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和目的意图三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

9．Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. If that job was left to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a little discouraging.

But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles as fuel —something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.

It's no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way of operating—all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. Today, she is remembered as "The Mother of Dance," with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style to life.

In her autobiography (自传), one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn't constantly watched. The expectations of her mother (who raised her) were open-ended. It was the freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.

Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things: that she was either completely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing in between. Even when she started working, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn't one moment Duncan doubted her own genius.

There is an old quotation "if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid." And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave form to brilliance.

（1）What does the underlined phrase "treat troubles as fuel" mean?

A.Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.

B.Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.

C.Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl.

D.Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan.

（2）Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?

A.Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.

B.Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.

C.Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.

D.Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.

（3）What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?

A.It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.

B.Everybody is a genius in his own way.

C.Miseries come from human stupidity.

D.Teachers can impact students greatly.

（4）What is this passage mainly about?

A.Isadora Duncan's childhood and her achievements today.

B.Duncan's career development and other dancers' opinions of her.

C.Isadora Duncan's early experiences and the reasons for her success.

D.Duncan's high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，作者讲述了她的早期的经历以及其取得成功的原因。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“N ot only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence”即使在那个年龄，她也有足够的天赋去挣钱，而且她还有一种罕见的自信；以及“something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her ”能让她心中燃烧的火焰更旺，可推测出划线部分的意思应为“用困难推动她向梦想前进”。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. ”可知，她自信地告诉人们她对舞蹈有不同的看法，她将在世界上传播。很自然，这在一开始就引起了人们的嘲笑和大笑，但随着她的工作越来越多，这样的事情就不那么频繁了。由此可知，她的舞蹈风格一开始不被人们接受。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life belie ving that it is stupid.”如果你以爬树的能力来判断一条鱼，它终其一生都会认为自己是愚蠢的。接着又指出在学校里，伊莎多拉·邓肯是个失败者。在舞厅里，她光

彩夺目。由此可推断出，作者在最后一段想要告诉我们每个人都是独特的天才。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，文章主要介绍了她的经历以及所取得的成功。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

One of the hardest parts of living abroad is being away from your loved ones, especially your family. While my friends are so important to me, I've personally found it more difficult being away from family.

However, I was fortunate that my mum and sister recently found the time to see me. Both my sister and I have major birthdays this year as she's tuming 18 and I'll be 21. My sister is a very big music fan and this year, I created my status as the best older sister by keeping an eye out for music concerts in Paris. In our home town of Leicester, we don't regularly get many well-known artists playing in our city. But in Paris, I managed to get the best 18th birthday present of all: tickets for all three of us to see my sister's favorite American rapper, Angel Haze.

I will try to visit for my sister's actual birthday in June, the chance for my sister and my mum to visit became a birthday treat. The experience of finding our way together to the concert or getting to show them around the Paris sites such as the Eiffel Tower,the Arc du Triomphe and even my favorite ice cream place,Amorino, was an amazing memory for us all !Despite the fact that I felt the slight pressure to make sure the weekend went smoothly,even the heavy rain failed to dampen our mood.

Therefore, while it can be difficult being away from home and potentially missing big family moments,there are ways to avoid the sadness and find a way to make the best of your situation to create an unforgettable memory. Just like the continuing rain while we went up the Eiffel tower, every cloud has a silver lining, because then we got the funniest photos ever!

（1）What can be known about the author while living abroad?

A. She knew her friends were all homesick.

B. She realized friends were more important.

C. She somewhat missed her parents and siblings.

D. She knew she she do her best to study.（2）What do you know about the author from the second paragraph?

A. She disliked the dull and dry life in her hometown.

B. She in fact loved music no less than her sister.

C. She thought American rapper was the most popular.

D. She showed deep love for her younger sister.

（3）What does the underlined word“dampen”mean in the passage?

A. Inspire.

B. Damage.

C. Protect.

D. Remind.

（4）How does the author describe herself in the passage?

A. She is easy to be homesick.

B. She is responsible for her family.

C. She has a positive attitude.

D. She is skilled in taking photos.

【答案】（1）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者以自己的亲身经历，告诉读者：想家是在外的学子们的共同感受，在异乡看到亲人时的感觉是难以用语言去形容的。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段可知，身在异乡的作者也会时不时地思念家中的亲人，故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，作者的妹妹喜欢音乐，她便想尽一切办法给妹妹买到音乐会演出的票，做了一个名副其实的好姐姐，由此可知，选D。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Despite the fac t that I felt the slight pressure to make sure the weekend went smoothly, even the heavy rain failed to dampen our mood.”可知，作者带着母亲和妹妹在巴黎游玩地非常高兴，由此可知大雨没有破坏她们的情绪，故选B。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ Just like the continuing rain while we went up the Eiffel tower, every cloud has a silver lining, because then we got the funniest photos ever!”可知，虽然作者和家人在雨中登上埃菲尔铁塔，但是在云彩的衬托下他们所拍的照片非常美，作者对待困难的态度非常积极，由此可知，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生在捕捉细节信息的同时，需根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

Butterfly Garden (Permanent Exhibit)

Walk among the free-flying residents of this warm conservatory. It is a wonderful opportunity to get close to a variety of living butterflies from New England and across the globe. The "Emergence Box" offers a window into the butterfly behavior. Look inside to see hanging chrysalids (蝶蛹) transform into adult butterflies. Tickets are required and visitors should reserve at least two weeks in advance.

A Bird's World (Permanent Exhibit)

This exhibit features the Museum's extraordinary collection of birds, displaying over 300 species found in New England. Here, you can learn to interpret the bird language taking place just outside your window at home.

Test your observation skills and see if you can get past different birds without them alerting (发信号) other animals to your presence Learn to identify birds from a distance by recognizing unique flight patterns. Practice your flying technique in the Bird Walk.

Hall of Human Life (Permanent Exhibit)

Should you have your baby's DNA sequenced? What keeps you awake? Step inside the Hall of Human Life, the Museum's new biology exhibition, and encounter such far-reaching questions on an amazing journey inside the human body. Through digital media and personal interaction, you become "part of the story', as you contribute your own data in a process of learning and

BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life (Temporary Exhibit Now Open!)

BODY WORLDS comes to the Museum of Science with a new chapter, Gunther von Hagens' BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life. Don't miss this truly unique opportunity to look within yourself and gain a whole new perspective on what it means to be alive. More than one hundred preserved human specimens reveal the wonders of human development and show how poor health, good health, and lifestyle choices can shape your body.

（1）Which exhibit do you need to book in advance?

A.Butterfly Garden

B.A Bird's World

C.Hall of Human Life

D.BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life

（2）What can you do in A Bird's World?

A.Improve your own flying technique.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/29450660.html,municate with birds in body language.

C.Watch digital media showing birds' history.

D.See different birds from all over the world.

（3）What is special about BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life?

A.It is related to human body.

B.It lasts for only a limited time.

C.It is the most visited exhibition in the world.

D.It has something to do with the growth of life.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了波士顿科技馆的四个展览的相关信息。（1）考查细节理解。根据 Butterfly Carden部分中的“Tickets are required and visitors should reserve at least tw o weeks in advance.”游客必须购票，并至少提前两周预订。可知，参现Butterfly Garden需要提前预订。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据A Bird's World部分中的“Practice your flying technique in the Bird Walk.”在Bird Walk中练习你的飞行技巧。可知，游客在Bird Walk 活动中提高自己的飞行技能。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据BODY WORIDS & The Cycle of life 部分中的“T emporary Exhibit Now Open!”临时展览现在开始！可知，BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life这个展览不是永久性的，而是临时的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

For years, my time spent in the shower could have got me a mention in Guinness World

Records as the shortest time taken to bathe. I hurried up during this process.

One day, however, while at a party, I heard an artist friend telling everybody that his idea came while he was having a shower. “What about you?” he asked, “Don't you get your cr eative thoughts from the same place?”

“I'm in and out in a hurry,” I told him proudly. “I have no time to waste!”

“What a pity,” he said. “That's the place where you need to slow down; plenty of great thoughts come from there!” I tried it out. I sl owed down the whole process, started enjoying the warm water, taking a little longer to soap myself and even spending more time just enjoying the process, and realized how much I had missed in hurrying up all these years.

A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from and how she sought to convince her that she needed to find ways to relax. She gave her a videotape on stress management and relaxation techniques, and encouraged her to watch it right away. Fifteen minutes later, her friend handed back the tape. “It was good,” she said,” but I don't need it.”“But it's a 70 - minute video,” the woman replied, “You couldn't have watched the whole thing.”

“Yes, I did,” her friend said. “I put it in fast - forward!”

A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness. We hurry through work. We swallow fast food. We complain that we don't have enough time. We race through the days and weeks until one day we look back in amazement and comment, “My god, how the years flew by!” Then we realize the heavy price we have paid for traveling fast.

Symptoms of Hurry Sickness include stress and anxiety, bad relationships, lowered work performance and even disease. Some people don't survive it. What's the cure? Slow down, for life is so short and precious that we must live it well.

（1）What was the advantage of taking a shower in the eyes of the artist friend?

A. Time was saved.

B. Nothing was missed.

C. Great ideas flew away.

D. Creative thoughts came.

（2）What was the trouble with the woman's friend?

A. She felt stressed.

B. She found the tape useless.

C. She found no way to relax.

D. She watched the tape too fast.

（3）What are the major trouble people face in the 21st century in the writer's eyes?

A. People run fast to work.

B. Everything is done in a hurry.

C. People don't have enough time.

D. Time flies without being noticed.

（4）How can the problem be settled?

A. By pacing down.

B. By learning to survive.

C. By developing friendship.

D. By performing good work.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。很多人以自己的快节奏生活而自豪，这会造成一种匆忙症，它的突出症状为焦虑，有压力，生病，工作效率低甚至活不下去。如果想治愈症，就

要放慢速度。比如放慢洗澡的速度有可能会创意的想法出现。

（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的I heard an artist friend telling everybody that his idea came while he was having a shower. …“Do n't you get your creative thoughts from the same place?”可知，作者的艺术家的朋友告诉大家。他创造性的想法是在他洗澡的时候来的。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故答案选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据第五段“A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from …”可知，这位女子说她的朋友遭受了很大的压力。分析选项可知，故答案选A。（3）细节理解题。根据第八段内容可知，21世纪的人最大的问题就是“匆忙病”。他们匆匆忙忙的工作。吃快餐。他们抱怨没有足够的时间。他们一直和时间赛跑，直到有一天，惊讶地回过头来，说，“我的上帝，时光飞逝啊！“然后意识到他们已经付出了沉重的代价。分析本段的内容可知B项（一切都是匆匆忙忙完成的。）符合题意。在本段中说他们匆匆忙忙地工作而不是奔跑去上班，A错误。他们抱怨没有足够的时间而不是没有足够的时间，故C是错误的。而D项与题干无关。故不选，分析可知B项符合题意。

（4）推理判断题。最后一段说匆忙症的症状包括有压力和焦虑，不良的人际关系，工作效率低，甚至生病。有些人甚至无法生存下去。如何治呢？那就是放慢脚步。分析可知，要解决这个问题就要放慢速度。分析选项可知A项符合题意。

【点评】阅读理解细节题解题技巧：

1）语义转换题--跳读查找法：根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。

2）生活应用题--常识理解法：在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。

3）细节排序题--首尾定位法：根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。

4）寻找信息题--题干定位法：寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。

13．阅读理解

Buck did not know that there was trouble ahead, Trouble for every dog with strong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California. Some men had found a yellow metal in the Arctic darkness, and thousands of other men were rushing there. These men wanted dogs that were heavy, with strong muscles for working hard and furry coats to protect them from the cold.

Buck lived at a big house in a sunny valley in California which was owned by Judge Miller. He was neither a house dog nor a kennel (狗窝) dog. The whole of Judge Miller's land was his. Buck was king—king over all the crawling, flying things of Judge Miller's lands, humans included.

His father, Elmo, had been the Judge's inseparable companion. And when he died, Buck took his father's place. He was not so large—he weighed only sixty kilogram—for his mother, Shep, had been a Scottish sheepdog. Hunting and other outdoor activities had hardened his muscle, and swimming had made him healthy.

This was Buck in the autumn of 1897, when the discovery of gold in the Klondike brought Men from everywhere to the frozen north. But Buck did not read the newspapers. And he did not

know that Manuel one of the gardeners helper, was not a good man. Manuel gambled (赌博) and wasted the little money he had. No one saw him and Buck go off on what Buck thought was a walk. No one saw them arrive at the railway station where Manuel sold Buck to a man who was waiting for him.

After two days ho was cried off the train in Seattle into a small, high-walled yard. There a fat man in a red sweater broke open the cage with a small axe (斧头)，while holding a club (棍棒) in the other hand. When there was a big enough opening, Buck jumped out like a red-eyed devil, straight at the fat man. But in mid-air, just as his teeth were going to close on the man, he received a shock that he had never felt before. It turned him over and onto the ground. He had never been struck by a club in his life, and he did not understand. He was smashed down a dozen times.

Buck saw that he stood no chance against the man with the club. He had learned the lesson, and for the rest of his life he never forgot it. It was his introduction into the world of primitive law. In the end a small man called Perrault paid three hundred dollars for him, and he was led away with Curly, a good-natured Newfoundland dog.

（1）What kind of dogs did the gold-seekers want?

A.Heavy house dogs with yellow hair.

B.Strong long-haired dogs.

C.Diligent dogs with yellow hair

D.Muscular kennel dogs.

（2）Buck was proud of himself for the following reasons, EXCEPT that ______.

A.he was king over all living things of Judge Miller's lands

B.he became the Judge's inseparable companion after his father's death

C.he had a good life with many outdoor activities to get strong and healthy

D.he was wanted by gold-seekers thanks to his strong muscles and long hair

（3）Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.Judge Miller owned a big house and a large piece of land in the Klondike.

B.Manuel bought and sold Buck because he needed money to support his life.

C.The fat man cruelly beat Buck with a club to teach him how to fight back.

D.Buck's introduction into the word of primitive law was obeying the fat man.

（4）What can be the suitable title for the excerpt?

A.Fall into Trouble

B.Fight against a Man

C.Escape from Trouble

D.Believe in a Man

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只名为巴克的狗的遭遇。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Trouble for every dog with strong muscles and warm