西方文化导论第一次测验Test_1

Test 1

1．Two of the elements in European culture are considered to be more enduring and they are the __Greco-Roman__element and the _Judeo-Christian____ element.

2．In a more remote period of Greek history，probably around__1200 B. C.____, a war was fought between Greece and Troy．

3．Greek culture reached a high point of development in the__5th___ century B．C．

4．The 5th century B．C．closed with civil war between__Athens___ and ___Sparta___ in Greece．5．In the second half of the _4th____ century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of__Alexander___, King of Macedon.

6．In___146___B．C．the Romans conquered Greece.

7. Athens was a democracy，where only the adult ___male___ citizens had the rights.

8. The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of___slave____ labour.

9. The Greeks loved sports. Once every four years，they had a big festival on _Olympus

Mount_____ which

included contests of sports

10. Revised in___1896___, the Games have become the world’S foremost ameteur sports

competition.

11. Ancient Greeks considered__Homer___ to be the author of their epics：the Iliad.

12. Homer probably lived around__700 B. C.___.

13.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of__Troy___.

14. The heroes are Hector on the__Troy___side and and Achilles and Odysseus on the__Greek_____.

15. In the final battle, Hector was killed by Achilles and Troy was sacked and burned by the ___Greeks___.

16. The Odyssey deals with the __return___of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island Ithaca.

17. The Odyssey describes many adventures Odysseus ran into on his long voyage and how he was reunited with his faithful __wife____Penelope.

18.Countless writers have quoted, adapted, borrowed from and otherwise used __Homer’s____epics.

19. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets (Byron, Shelley and Keats) expressed their _admiration____ of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics.

20 In the 20th century, there are _Homeric____parallels in the Irishman James Joyce's modernist masterpiece Ulysses.

21. Early in their remote past，the Greeks started to perform plays at__religious___ Festivals.

22. Out of these origins a powerful drama developed in the _____ century B.C.

23. P erformances were given in__open-air___ theaters，with the audience sitting on _stone____

___Euripides____.

Aeschylus wrote such plays as__Prometheus Bound____, ___ Persians___ and

Sophocles was the author of plays like __Oedipus the King_____, ___Electra_____ and ____Antigone____.

28. Oedipus the King is the story of a man who unknowingly committed a

terrible sin by killing his __father___ and marrying his___mother_____.

29. The Austrian psychiatrist Sigmun d Freud’s term “__The Oedipus Complex_______” derived from Sophocles’s play.

30. Euripides wrote mainly about___women____ in such plays as __Andromache____, ___Medea____ and ___Trojan women_____.

31. Aristophanes wrote such plays as __Frogs_____, ___Clouds_______, ____ Wasps_______ and _____Birds________.

32. Pythagoras was the founder of ____scientific mathematics________.

33. Euclid is even now well—known for his Elements，a textbook of ___geometry_____, perhaps the most successful textbook ever written，because it was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century.

34. We know Socrates chiefly through what Plato recorded of him in his famous ___Dialogues_____.

35. The method of argument Socrates used in exposing fallacies has come to be known as the ___dialectical____method.

36.Plato’s Dialogues are important not only as____philosophical___ writing but also ___imaginative_____ as literature.

38. Of the Dialogues Plato wrote，27 have survived，including ___the Apology____, ___Symposium____ and ____the Republic____.

39. Plato’s comprehensive system of philosophy dealt with, among other things，the problem of how，in the complex，ever-changing world，men were to attain ___knowledge____.

40. Of Aristotle’s numerous works，the following are perhaps still important to scholars and general readers alike：Ethics, Politics Poetics and Rhetoric

41.A ristotle’s Rhetoric dealt with the art of __persuading____an audience.

42. To students of literature，Aristotle’s most influential writing is__Poetics_____.

43. The most important of the temples the ancient Greeks left us is ___Parthenon______, which has always been a great tourist attraction for people all over the world.

44. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles：the __Doric____ style, ___Ionic______style and ___Corinthian____style.

45. Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the __Renaissance_____ in Italy and other European countries.

46. Karl Marx，once wrote about the Greeks：“Why should’t the childhood of human society．．．exercise an eternal charm，as _____an age will never return___________?”

47. The Greeks invented mathematics and science and philosophy；they first wrote history as opposed to mere annals；they speculated freely about the _nature_____of the world and the ends of life，without being bound in the fetters of any inherited orthodoxy．

48. The Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of ___human endeavor______.

49. The Greeks set an example by the bold effort they made to understand the world by the use of

______human reason_____.

50. The burning of Corinth in __146 B.C._____ marked the Roman conquest of Greece，which was then reduced to a province of the Roman Empire．