阿莫西林克拉维酸钾审评文件

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾审评文件
阿莫西林克拉维酸钾审评文件

PUBLIC ASSESSMENT REPORT

of the Medicines Evaluation Board

in the Netherlands

Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Pfizer 500/125 and 875 mg/125 mg

film-coated tablets

Pfizer B.V., the Netherlands

amoxicillin (as trihydrate potassium clavulanate)

This assessment report is published by the MEB pursuant Article 21 (3) and (4) of Directive 2001/83/EC. The report comments on the registration dossier that was submitted to the MEB and its fellow –organisations in all concerned EU member states.

It reflects the scientific conclusion reached by the MEB and all concerned member states at the end of the evaluation process and provides a summary of the grounds for approval of a marketing authorisation.

This report is intended for all those involved with the safe and proper use of the medicinal product, i.e. healthcare professionals, patients and their family and carers. Some knowledge of medicines and diseases is expected of the latter category as the language in this report may be difficult for laymen to understand.

This assessment report shall be updated by a following addendum whenever new information becomes available. General information on the Public Assessment Reports can be found on the website of the MEB.

To the best of the MEB’s knowledge, this report does not contain any information that should not have been made available to the public. The MAH has checked this report for the absence of any confidential information.

EU-procedure number: NL/H/2241/001- 002/MR

Registration number in the Netherlands: RVG 107460-1

Date of first publication: 29 August 2011

Last revision: 21 March 2012

Pharmacotherapeutic group: combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors

J01CR02

code:

ATC

Route of administration: oral

Therapeutic indication: acute bacterial sinusitis (adequately diagnosed); acute otitis

media; acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (adequately

diagnosed); community acquired pneumonia; cystitis

pyelonephritis; skin and soft tissue infections in particular

cellulitis, animal bites, severe dental abscess with spreading

cellulitis; bone and joint infections, in particular osteomyelitis. Prescription status: prescription only

Date of first authorisation in NL: 28 September 2010

Concerned Member States: Mutual recognition procedure with AT, BE, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE,

EL, ES, FI, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, MT (not for 875 mg/125 mg

strength), NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, and UK

Application type/legal basis: Directive 2001/83/EC, Article 10(1).

For product information for healthcare professionals and users, including information on pack sizes and presentations, see Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC), package leaflet and labelling.

I INTRODUCTION

Based on the review of the quality, safety and efficacy data, the member states have granted a marketing authorisation for Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Pfizer 500/125 and 875 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets from Pfizer B.V. The date of authorisation was on 28 September 2010 in the Netherlands. The product is indicated for the treatment of the following infections in adults and children :

?Acute bacterial sinusitis (adequately diagnosed)

?Acute otitis media

?Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (adequately diagnosed)

?Community acquired pneumonia

? Cystitis

? Pyelonephritis

?Skin and soft tissue infections in particular cellulitis, animal bites, severe dental abscess with spreading cellulitis.

?Bone and joint infections, in particular osteomyelitis.

Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.

A comprehensive description of the indications and posology is given in the SPC.

Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin (beta-lactam antibiotic) that inhibits one or more enzymes (often referred to as penicillin-binding proteins, PBPs) in the biosynthetic pathway of bacterial peptidoglycan, which is an integral structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis leads to weakening of the cell wall, which is usually followed by cell lysis and death.

Amoxicillin is susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamases produced by resistant bacteria and therefore the spectrum of activity of amoxicillin alone does not include organisms which produce these enzymes. Clavulanic acid

Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam structurally related to penicillins. It inactivates some beta-lactamase enzymes thereby preventing inactivation of amoxicillin. Clavulanic acid alone does not exert a clinically useful antibacterial effect.

This mutual recognition procedure concerns a generic application claiming essential similarity with the innovator products Augmentin 500/125 mg and 875/125 mg filmcoated tablets (NL license RVG 09840 and 18553, respectively) which have been registered in the Netherlands by GlaxoSmithKline BV since 1983 (500 mg/ 125 mg) and 1996 (875 mg/ 125 mg).In addition, reference is made to Augmentin authorisations in the individual member states (reference product).

The marketing authorisation is granted based on article 10(1) of Directive 2001/83/EC.

This type of application refers to information that is contained in the pharmacological-toxicological and clinical part of the dossier of the authorisation of the reference product. A reference product is a medicinal product authorised and marketed on the basis of a full dossier, i.e. including chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, pharmacological-toxicological and clinical data. This information is not fully available in the public domain. Authorisations for generic products are therefore linked to the ‘original’ authorised medicinal product, which is legally allowed once the data protection time of the dossier of the reference product has expired. For this kind of application, it has to be demonstrated that the pharmacokinetic profile of the product is similar to the pharmacokinetic profile of the reference product. To this end the MAH has submitted two bioequivalence study in which the pharmacokinetic profile of the product is compared with the pharmacokinetic profile of the reference products Augmentin 500 mg/ 125 mg and 875 mg/ 125 mg tablets, registered in the UK and Germany, respectively. A bioequivalence study is the widely accepted means of demonstrating that difference of use of different excipients and different methods of manufacture have no influence on efficacy and safety. This generic product can be used instead of its reference product.

No new pre-clinical and clinical studies were conducted, which is acceptable for this abridged application. No scientific advice has been given to the MAH with respect to these products, and no paediatric development programme has been submitted, as this is not required for generic medicinal products.

II SCIENTIFIC OVERVIEW AND DISCUSSION

II.1 Quality aspects

Compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice

The MEB has been assured that acceptable standards of GMP (see Directive 2003/94/EC) are in place for this product type at all sites responsible for the manufacturing of the active substance as well as for the manufacturing and assembly of this product prior to granting its national authorisation.

Active substances

Amoxicillin trihydrate is an established active substance which is described in the Ph.Eur.*. Amoxicillin trihydrate is a white or almost white crystalline powder.

Potassium clavulanate is an established active substance which is described in the Ph.Eur.*. Potassium clavulanate is a white or almost white hydroscopic crystalline powder.

The CEP procedure is used for both active substances. Under the official Certification Procedures of the EDQM of the Council of Europe, manufacturers or suppliers of substances for pharmaceutical use can apply for a certificate of suitablity concerning the control of the chemical purity and microbiological quality of their substance according to the corresponding specific monograph, or the evaluation of reduction of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) risk, according to the new general monograph, or both. This procedure is meant to ensure that the quality of substances is guaranteed and that these substances comply with the European Pharmacopoeia, the official handbook in which methods of analysis with specifications for substances are laid down by the authorities of the EU.

Manufacture

For both substances this is covered by the CEP.

Quality control of drug substances

For both amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate, Ph. Eur. specifications plus additional requirements from the involved CEPs are applicable.

Stability of drug substances

Amoxicillin trihydrate: on the CEP a re-test period of 2 years is stated when adequately stored.

Potassium clavulanate: on the CEP a re-test period of 48 months is stated when adequately stored. Assessment thereof was part of granting the CEP and has been granted by the EDQM.

* Ph.Eur.is an official handbook (pharmacopoeia) in which methods of analysis with specifications for substances are laid down by the authorities of the EU.

Medicinal Product

Composition

Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid Pfizer 500mg/125mg tablets are white, oval, film-coated tablets inscribed with ‘A’ on one side and ‘64’ on the other side.

Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid Pfizer 875mg/125mg tablets are white, capsule shaped, film-coated tablets inscribed with ‘A’ on one side and with a score line in between ‘6’ and ‘5’ on the other side. The score-line is only to facilitate breaking for ease of swallowing and not to divide into equal doses.

Both strengths are immediate-release tablets. The tablets can be distinguished by their dimensions.

The excipients are:

Tablet core: microcrystalline cellulose (E460), colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate (E470b), sodium starch glycolate (Type A)

Film-coating: hypromellose (E464), macrogol 400, titanium dioxide (E171)

The film-coated tablets are packed in Alu/Alu (polyamide/aluminium/PVC - aluminium foil) blister packs in a cardboard box.

The excipients and packaging are usual for this type of dosage form.

Pharmaceutical development

The development is mainly based on the qualitative composition of the originator product Augmentan tablets for both strengths (from GlaxoSmithKline, Germany). In the development the requirements of the monograph Co-Amoxiclav Tablets BP (British Pharmacopoeia) have been used as a guiding principle. The MAH concluded that the two originator strengths are not dose weight proportional, therefore this was also not intended for the proposed product. In the bioequivalence study, the batch size of the test bio-batch is of pilot-scale, the mentioned future manufacturing scale size is acceptable. The DE 875+125 mg reference product is acceptable in view of the composition of the NL originator product.

Dissolution studies

Comparing dissolution studies are performed for two batches of both strengths of the proposed product, including the 875+125 mg test bio-batch, using the DE reference bio-batch (875+125 mg) and UK originator bio-batch (500+125 mg). The proposed product shows slightly faster dissolution results in the 0-20 minutes traject in comparison with the originator products, this is not a problem.

Manufacturing process

The manufacturing process has been adequately described in sufficient detail, and adequate in-process controls have been listed. Pilot-scale batches have been validated, 2 batches per strength, and including the 875+125 mg test bio-batch. The finished product manufacturer commits in the dossier to validate a third batch (first commercial batch) at pilot-scale and the first three commercial batches at two specific scale sizes for the two strengths, respectively. This is acceptable.

Quality control of drug product

Adequate specifications are proposed for the drug product including the Ph. Eur. test on uniformity of dosage units. For two pilot-scale batches of each strength batch results have been provided. It is committed (see above) by the company to validate a third batch (first commercial batch) at pilot-scale and the first three commercial batches for the three strengths, which will render additional batch results. Stability tests on the finished product

The stability results show that the proposed tablets are sufficiently stable. For both components slight to moderate assay decreases are observed, but are within the set requirements. Total impurities increase after 12 months at 30°C/70% RH, but remain within limits. Based on the stability data the claimed shelf-life of 2 years for both strengths without specific storage condition is justified.

Specific measures concerning the prevention of the transmission of animal spongiform encephalopathies There are no substances of ruminant animal origin present in the product nor have any been used in the manufacturing of this product, so a theoretical risk of transmitting TSE can be excluded.

II.2 Non clinical aspects

This product is a generic formulation of Augmentin, which is available on the European market. No new preclinical data have been submitted, and therefore the application has not undergone preclinical assessment. This is acceptable for this type of application.

Environmental risk assessment

The product is intended as a substitute for other identical products on the market. The approval of this product will not result in an increase in the total quantity of amoxicillin trihydrate or potassium clavulanate released into the environment. It does not contain any component, which results in an additional hazard to the environment during storage, distribution, use and disposal.

II.3 Clinical aspects

Amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate are well-known active substance with established efficacy and tolerability.

For this generic application, the MAH has submitted two bioequivalence studies in which the pharmacokinetic profile of the test products Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Pfizer 500/125 and 875 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets Pfizer B.V., the Netherlands) is compared with the pharmacokinetic profile of the reference products Augmentin 500/125 mg (GSK, UK) and 875/125 mg (GSK, Germany) film-coated tablets.

The choice of the reference product

The choice of the reference product in the bioequivalence study has been justified by comparison of dissolution results and compositions of reference products (if applicable) in different member states.

The formula and preparation of the bioequivalence batch is identical to the formula proposed for marketing.

The SPC states that the tablet should be taken with food to prevent gastro-intestinal AEs. There is no pharmacokinetic reason for intake with food. Therefore the study design (fed conditions) is considered acceptable.

Bioequivalence study with 875/125 mg tablets under fed conditions

An open-label, randomized, two-treatment, two sequence , two period, cross-over single-dose comparative oral bioequivalence study was carried out under fed conditions in 48 healthy Indian males, aged 19-40 years. Each subject received a single dose (875 mg amoxicillin trihydrate, 125 mg potassium clavulanate) of one of the 2 formulations in randomized order. Drugs were administered 30 minutes after a high fat meal of 955 KCal (approximately 60% of total calories consisted of fat). Tablets were taken with 240 ml of water. There was a washout interval of 8 days between the 2 dose administrations.

Blood samples were collected pre-dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.33, 1.67, 2, 2.33, 2.67, 3, 4, 5, 6 ,7, 8,10, and 12 hours after administration of the products.

The analytical method is adequately validated and considered acceptable for analysis of the plasma samples. The methods used in this study for the pharmacokinetic calculations and statistical evaluation are considered acceptable.

Results

One subject was dismissed for non-compliance (positive benzodiazepine test). Three subjects did not show up for Period II. Analysis of samples of 46 subjects who completed the study was performed. However the results of analysis for amoxicillin samples of subjects 1, 2, 38, 39 and 49 and those for clavulanic acid of subjects 1, 2 and 39 have not been reported. When these samples came up for analysis, they had already completed 3 freeze-thaw cycles. Stability of analyte beyond 3 freeze thaw samples could not be established during analytical method validation. Therefore, data from only 41 subjects for amoxicillin and 43 for clavulanic acid were reported.

Table 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters (non-transformed values; arithmetic mean ± SD, t max (median, range)) of amoxicillin under fed conditions.

Treatment N = 41 AUC0-t

μg.h/ml

AUC0-∞

μg.h/ml

C max

μg/ml

t max

h

t1/2

h

Test 50.7 ± 8.9 51.4 ± 9.0 15.7 ± 3.5 2.3

(1 - 5)

1.5 ± 0.3

Reference 48.8 ± 8.6 49.4 ± 8.5 15.3 ± 3.4 2.3

(1.3 - 5)

1.5 ± 0.3

*Ratio (90% CI)

1.03

(1.00 -1.07)

1.03

(1.00 -1.07)

1.02

(0.97 – 1.08)

--- ---

CV (%) 8.3 8.2 15.1 --- --- AUC0-∞area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity

AUC0-t area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to t hours

C max maximum plasma concentration

t max time for maximum concentration

t1/2half-life

*ln-transformed values

Table 2. Pharmacokinetic parameters (non-transformed values; arithmetic mean ± SD, t max (median, range)) of clavulanic acid under fed conditions.

Treatment N = 43 AUC0-t

μg.h/ml

AUC0-∞

μg.h/ml

C max

μg/ml

t max

h

t1/2

h

Test 4.0 ± 2.3 4.6 ± 2.5 1.9 ± 1.1 2.3

(1.3 - 5)

1.0 ± 0.2

Reference 3.7 ± 1.6 4.3 ± 1.7 1.7 ± 0.8 2

(1.3 - 3)

1.0 ± 0.2

*Ratio (90% CI)

1.01

(0.91 -1.13)

1.01

(0.88 - 1.15)

1.04

(0.92 -1.16)

--- ---

CV (%) 30.9 30.4 32.4 --- --- AUC0-∞area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity

AUC0-t area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to t hours

C max maximum plasma concentration

t max time for maximum concentration

t1/2half-life

*ln-transformed values

The 90% confidence intervals calculated for AUC0-t, AUC0-∞and C max are in agreement with those calculated by the MAH and are within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 0.80 – 1.25. Based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid under fed conditions, it can be concluded

that Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Pfizer 875 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets and the Augmentin 875/125 mg

film-coated tablets. are bioequivalent with respect to rate and extent of absorption, and fulfill the bioequivalence requirements outlined in the relevant CHMP Note for Guidance.

Bioequivalence study with 500/125 mg tablets under fasted conditions

An open label, randomized, two-treatment, two-sequence, two-period, crossover, single dose comparative

oral bioequivalence study was carried out under fed conditions in 50 (48+2 alternates) healthy male volunteers, aged 18-39 years. 42 of them were non smokers, and 8 subjects smoked 9 or less than 9

cigarettes a day. Each subject received a single dose (500 mg amoxicillin trihydrate, 125 mg potassium clavulanate) of one of the 2 formulations in randomized order after. Tablets were taken with 240 ml of water after an overnight fast. There was a washout interval of 3 days between the 2 dose administrations. Blood samples were collected pre-dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12 hours after administration of the products.

The analytical method is adequately validated and considered acceptable for analysis of the plasma samples. The methods used in this study for the pharmacokinetic calculations and statistical evaluation are considered acceptable.

The SPC states that the tablet should be taken with food to prevent gastro-intestinal AEs. There is no pharmacokinetic reason for intake with food. Therefore the study design (fasted conditions) is considered acceptable.

Results

One subject was withdrawn from study due to adverse events (fever) in the second period. Forty-nine subjects completed the study entirely, and as per protocol the first 48 subject were included in the analysis.

Table 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters (non-transformed values; arithmetic mean ± SD, t max (median, range)) of amoxicillin under fasted conditions.

Treatment N = 48 AUC0-t

μg.h/ml

AUC0-∞

μg.h/ml

C max

μg/ml

t max

h

t1/2

h

Test 24.80 ± 5.36 25.37 ± 5.43 8.21 ± 2.29 2.0 (0.75 – 4.0) 1.16 ± 0.19 Reference 26.44 ± 6.04 26.92 ± 6.06 8.78 ± 2.68 2.0 (1.0 – 5.0) 1.15 ± 0.18

*Ratio (90% CI)

0.95

(0.92 – 0.98)

0.94

(0.92 – 0.97)

0.94

(0.90 – 0.99)

--- ---

CV (%) 8.1 7.9 14.9 --- --- AUC0-∞area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity

AUC0-t area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to t hours

C max maximum plasma concentration

t max time for maximum concentration

t1/2half-life

*ln-transformed values

Table 4. Pharmacokinetic parameters (non-transformed values; arithmetic mean ± SD, t max (median, range)) of clavulananic acid under fasted conditions.

Treatment N = 48 AUC0-t

μg.h/ml

AUC0-∞

μg.h/ml

C max

μg/ml

t max

h

t1/2

h

Test 6.40 ± 2.52 6.62 ± 2.52 2.63 ± 0.98 1.25 (0.75 –

3.0)

1.10 ± 0.15 Reference 6.72 ±

2.41 6.96 ± 2.41 2.71 ± 0.96 1.5 (1.0 –

3.0) 1.13 ± 0.19

*Ratio (90% CI)

0.93

(0.87 – 1.01)

0.93

(0.87 – 1.00)

0.96

(0.89 – 1.03)

--- ---

CV (%) 22.1 20.8 22.8 --- --- AUC0-∞area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity

AUC0-t area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to t hours

C max maximum plasma concentration

t max time for maximum concentration

t1/2half-life

*ln-transformed values

The 90% confidence intervals calculated for AUC0-t, AUC0-∞and C max are in agreement with those calculated by the MAH and are within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 0.80 – 1.25. Based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid under fasted conditions, it can be concluded that Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Pfizer 500 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets and the Augmentin

500/125 mg film-coated tablets. are bioequivalent with respect to rate and extent of absorption, and fulfill

the bioequivalence requirements outlined in the relevant CHMP Note for Guidance.

The MEB has been assured that the bioequivalence study has been conducted in accordance with acceptable standards of Good Clinical Practice (GCP, see Directive 2005/28/EC) and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP, see Directives 2004/9/EC and 2004/10/EC).

Risk management plan

The combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate was first approved in 1983, and there

is now more than 10 years post-authorisation experience with the active substance. The safety profile of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate can be considered to be well established and no product specific pharmacovigilance issues were identified pre- or postauthorisation which are not adequately covered by the current SPC. Additional risk minimisation activities have not been identified for the reference medicinal product. The MAH has a pharmacovigilance system at their disposal, which is based

on the current European legislation. Routine pharmacovigilance activities are sufficient to identify actual or potential risks and a detailed European Risk Management Plan is not necessary for this product.

Product information

SPC

The SPC of Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid Pfizer is compared with the Dutch approved SPC of Augmentin, filmcoated tablets 500/125 mg and 875/125 mg. This text results from the article 30 procedure, which is published on the website of the EU Commission in October 2009.

Readability test

The package leaflet has been evaluated via a user consultation study in accordance with the requirements

of Articles 59(3) and 61(1) of Directive 2001/83/EC. Testing was performed with in total 20 participants. This cohort of 20 participants was recruited in the Geleen area, NL in the period October 2007. The way of recruitment and individual demographic and sociologic details were provided in the final report.

A total of fifteen questions have been evaluated with regard to the use of finding, ease of understanding and subjective impression of the PIL by the participants. The responses were recorded satisfactory.

The user test showed that the leaflet enabled more than of the 90% of participants to find the information and more than 90% of those understood the information good or in detail. The overall impression of the methodology and the overall impression of the leaflet structure are positive.

III OVERALL CONCLUSION AND BENEFIT-RISK ASSESSMENT

Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Pfizer 500/125 and 875 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets have a proven chemical-pharmaceutical quality and are generic forms of Augmentin 500/125 mg and 875/125 mg filmcoated tablets. Augmentin is a well-known medicinal product with an established favourable efficacy and safety profile.

Bioequivalence has been shown to be in compliance with the requirements of European guidance documents.

The MAH has provided written confirmation that systems and services are in place to ensure compliance with their pharmacovigilance obligations.

The SPC, package leaflet and labelling are in the agreed templates.

The Board followed the advice of the assessors. Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Pfizer 500/125 and 875 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets are authorised in the Netherlands on 28 September 2010.

There was no discussion in the CMD(h). Agreement between member states was reached during a written procedure. The concerned member states, on the basis of the data submitted, considered that essential similarity has been demonstrated for Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Pfizer 500/125 and 875 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets with the reference product, and have therefore granted a marketing authorisation. The mutual recognition procedure was finished on 24 May 2011.

The PSUR submission cycle will follow the Harmonized Birth Date Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid. The EU harmonised birth date for Amoxicillin and clavulanate is 7 March 1972. The next Data Lock Point will be 31 March 2012, the company commits to submit PSUR in May 2012 to harmonise with the birthdate of Amoxicillin and clavulanate.

The date for the first renewal will be November 2012.

The following post-approval commitments have been made during the procedure:

Quality - medicinal product

- The MAH has committed to validate a third batch (first commercial batch) at pilot-scale and the first three commercial batches for the three strengths, which will render additional batch results.

List of abbreviations

ASMF Active Substance Master File

ATC Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification

AUC Area Under the Curve

Pharmacopoeia

British

BP

CEP Certificate of Suitability to the monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia CHMP Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use

CI Confidence

Interval

C max Maximum

concentration

plasma

CMD(h) Coordination group for Mutual recognition and Decentralised procedure for human medicinal products

Variation

of

Coefficient

CV

File

Master

Drug

EDMF

European

EDQM European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines

Union

EU

European

Practice

Clinical

Good

GCP

Laboratory

Practice

Good

GLP

Practice

Manufacturing

GMP

Good

ICH International Conference of Harmonisation

Holder

Authorisation

Marketing

MAH

MEB Medicines Evaluation Board in the Netherlands

OTC Over The Counter (to be supplied without prescription)

Report

Assessment

PAR

Public

Pharmacopoeia

Ph.Eur.

European

Leaflet

Package

PIL

PSUR Periodic Safety Update Report

Standard

Deviation

SD

SPC Summary of Product Characteristics

t? Half-life

t max Time for maximum concentration

Encephalopathy

Spongiform

TSE

Transmissible

USP Pharmacopoeia in the United States

STEPS TAKEN AFTER THE FINALISATION OF THE INITIAL PROCEDURE - SUMMARY

Scope Procedure number Type of modification

Date of start of the procedure Date of end of the procedure Approval/ non approval Assessment

report

attached

- Changes in the major contractual arrangements with other persons or organisations involved in the fulfilment of pharmacovigilance obligations.

- Change of the site undertaking pharmacovigilance activities.

- Other change(s) to the DDPS that do not impact on the operation of the pharmacovigilance system.

NL/H/2241/001-002/IA/ 111/G IA/G 1-9-2011 3-10-2011 Approval N

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾分散片

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阿莫西林克拉维酸钾_7_1_片治疗小儿急性支气管炎40例疗效观察

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片治疗小儿急性 支气管炎40例疗效观察 刘桂红 史彩萍 摘要 目的 观察阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片与阿莫西林分散片比较对小儿急性支气管炎的疗效。方法 将68例小儿急性支气管炎患者(男性42例,女性26例)随即分为2组,阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片组40例男性23例,女性17例,年龄9岁~12岁,平均年龄10 6岁。阿莫西林分散片组28例男性19例,女性9例年龄8~12岁,平均年龄10 1岁。结果 阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片组总有效率93%,病原菌消除率81%,阿莫西林分散片组总有效率为72%,病原菌消除率44%,2组疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0 05)。结论 阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片治疗小儿急性支气管炎效果较好。 关键词 阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片;小儿;急性支气管炎 小儿急性支气管炎是儿科常见病,治疗不及时易引起下呼吸道感染、小儿肺炎。因本病起病急,发热高,所以选择性使用抗菌素治疗甚为重要。从目前情况看,抗生素使用不当的情况仍较普遍。阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片有治疗小儿急性支气管炎的疗效好,不良反应少的特点。 1 临床资料与方法 1 1 临床资料 选用我院2006年12月至2007年6月来我院的门诊病儿,按国内统一标准,选择确诊为急性支气管炎68例(其诊断标准为:发热、咳嗽、肺部啰音、胸片示两肺纹理增粗)。 1 2 药物与用药方法 阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片(商品名:君尔清,山东鲁南贝特制药有限公司,批号061116)2~7岁儿童每次1片;7~12岁儿童每次1片半,2次/d。根据病情连用3~7d。对照组:阿莫西林分散片组(商品名:阿林新,中诺药业石家庄有限公司,批号06097005)口服小儿每日按体重50~100m g/kg,分3~4次服用,根据病情连用4~10d。治疗期间不同时使用其他抗生素。 1 3 观察指标 对入选的患者,2组分别于用药前后的临床症状,前后胸片、血常规、痰菌培养的变化进行比较。 1 4 疗效判定标准 临床疗效按照卫生部 抗菌药物临床研究指导原则 为标准。分为:显效、有效、无效判定。显效:体温正常,咳嗽停止,食欲正常,血白细胞降至正常,胸透阴性;有效:用药后以上指标较前好转,体温下降,咳嗽减轻,食欲增加;无效:用药后无明显变化。 2 结果 2 1 临床疗效 治疗组有效率93%,对照组有效率72%。经统计学处理差异有统计学意义(P<0 05)。见表1。 表1 阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片与阿莫西林 分散片疗效比较 组别例数显效有效无效总有效率阿莫西林克拉维 酸钾(7 1)片4032(80)5(13)3(8)37(93)阿莫西林分散片2817(61)3(11)8(29)20(72) 注:两组疗效比较经 2检验P<0 05 2 2 细菌学疗效 阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片组与阿莫西林分散片组阳性分离率分别为80 2%和80%。细菌清除率分别为81%和44%。结果见表2两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P< 0 05)。 2 3 不良反应 治疗期间阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片组未发现明显副作用,阿莫西林分散片组2例出现轻度胃肠道不适,1例出现恶心,其余患者显示良好的耐受性。 作者单位:100038北京,中国人民公安大学校医院(刘桂红);北京丰盛医院(史彩萍) 表2 细菌感染清楚率比较 感染菌 阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)组阿莫西林分散片组 例数清除未清除 例数清除未清除表皮葡萄球菌431312肺炎链球菌312321 肺炎克雷伯杆菌9811046嗜血流感菌550422卡他莫拉菌330321 铜绿假单孢菌211202合计26215251114细菌阳性率80 4%80% 细菌清除率81%44% 3 结果 本研究观察结果表明治疗小儿急性支气管炎,阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片组的疗效优于阿莫西林分散片组,而且起效快、疗程短,具有好的临床反应和细菌清楚率。 4 讨论 -内酰胺类抗生素,在小儿感染中起着重要作用,尤其对支气管炎的患儿不仅效果较好,而且在合理的治疗剂量时有较好的安全性和耐受性。但是,抗生素的广泛使用使其被细菌酶破坏而产生细菌耐药性, -内酰胺类抗生素的耐药主要是 -内酰胺酶的产生所引起[1]。目前,78%的细菌性感染的病原菌对阿莫西林耐药,88%的细菌产生 -内酰胺酶, -内酰胺类/ -内酰胺类酶抑制剂合剂的使用,大大减少了细菌耐药性的发生。其中阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片剂是一 -内酰胺类/ -内酰胺类酶抑制剂合剂的复合型的抗菌药物,由具广谱抗菌作用的阿莫西林和 -内酰胺酶抑制剂克拉维酸钾组成,其用酶抑制剂保护阿莫西林不被微生物产生的 -内酰胺酶坏,以增强阿莫西林的抗菌作用。克拉维酸钾对金葡球菌和多数革兰阴性杆菌产生的 -内酰胺酶具有较强的不可逆非竞争性抑制作用,它与阿莫西林组成的复合制剂对耐药细菌有较好的治疗作用,进入人体后,可迅速分布呼吸道各个部位,很快达有效血药浓度,提高治疗效果。并且它对小儿感染患者的治疗效果也是理想的,它具有广谱性,在治疗剂量上是安全的,同时它具有良好的耐受性,而且每日2次的服药剂量对患儿适用,即增加了患者的适应性、又提高了患儿的依从性。 抗生素的使用范围在小儿感染中比成年人更有限,只要不出现耐药的情况,阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(7 1)片剂在小儿支气管炎的感染治疗中的重要性将会不断增加。 参 考 文 献 1 仲兆金. -内酰胺类/ -内酰胺类酶抑制剂合剂在儿科感染中的应 用.首都医药,2004,11(2):39-42. 139 中国实用医药2008年4月第3卷第10期 C h i na PracM ed,Apr2008,Vo.l3,N o.10

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾审评文件

PUBLIC ASSESSMENT REPORT of the Medicines Evaluation Board in the Netherlands Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Pfizer 500/125 and 875 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets Pfizer B.V., the Netherlands amoxicillin (as trihydrate potassium clavulanate) This assessment report is published by the MEB pursuant Article 21 (3) and (4) of Directive 2001/83/EC. The report comments on the registration dossier that was submitted to the MEB and its fellow –organisations in all concerned EU member states. It reflects the scientific conclusion reached by the MEB and all concerned member states at the end of the evaluation process and provides a summary of the grounds for approval of a marketing authorisation. This report is intended for all those involved with the safe and proper use of the medicinal product, i.e. healthcare professionals, patients and their family and carers. Some knowledge of medicines and diseases is expected of the latter category as the language in this report may be difficult for laymen to understand. This assessment report shall be updated by a following addendum whenever new information becomes available. General information on the Public Assessment Reports can be found on the website of the MEB. To the best of the MEB’s knowledge, this report does not contain any information that should not have been made available to the public. The MAH has checked this report for the absence of any confidential information. EU-procedure number: NL/H/2241/001- 002/MR Registration number in the Netherlands: RVG 107460-1 Date of first publication: 29 August 2011 Last revision: 21 March 2012 Pharmacotherapeutic group: combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors J01CR02 code: ATC Route of administration: oral Therapeutic indication: acute bacterial sinusitis (adequately diagnosed); acute otitis media; acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (adequately diagnosed); community acquired pneumonia; cystitis pyelonephritis; skin and soft tissue infections in particular cellulitis, animal bites, severe dental abscess with spreading cellulitis; bone and joint infections, in particular osteomyelitis. Prescription status: prescription only Date of first authorisation in NL: 28 September 2010 Concerned Member States: Mutual recognition procedure with AT, BE, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, MT (not for 875 mg/125 mg strength), NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, and UK Application type/legal basis: Directive 2001/83/EC, Article 10(1). For product information for healthcare professionals and users, including information on pack sizes and presentations, see Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC), package leaflet and labelling.

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾片说明书.doc

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾片说明书 [药品名称]群青(阿莫西林克拉维酸钾片) 处方药 不 [运动员小心]不 [主要部件] 本品为复方制剂,其成分为阿莫西林和克拉维酸钾。 [·塞克斯] 本产品为薄膜包衣片剂。除去涂层后,它看起来是白色或黄色的。 [药理作用] 本品为阿莫西林和克拉维酸钾的复方制剂。阿莫西林是一种广谱青霉素类抗生素,而克拉维酸钾本身只有微弱的抗菌活性,但却有很强的广谱性??抑制内酰胺酶,结合两者,可以保护阿莫西林免受??内酰胺酶的水解。本品的抗菌谱与阿莫西林相同,并有所扩大。对金黄色葡萄球菌产生酶、表皮葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和肠球菌有良好的效果,对某些生产有良好的效果??来自肠杆菌科细菌、流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌、脆弱类杆菌的内酰胺酶也具有良好的抗菌活性。本品对产生染色体介导的一型酶的肠杆菌科细菌和假单胞菌属细菌如耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌和肠杆菌科细菌无影响。 [药代动力学] 本品对胃酸稳定,口服吸收良好。食物对本产品的吸收没有明显影响。空腹口服本品375毫克(阿莫西林250毫克,克拉维酸125毫

克),阿莫西林1。血浆药物峰值浓度(Cmax)达到约5小时。6毫克/升.血液消除半衰期(t1/2b)约为1小时。8小时尿排泄率为50% ~ 78%。克拉维酸的药代动力学参数与单次给药相同。正常人口服125克克拉维酸后1小时内的峰值血浆浓度(Cmax)约为3。4毫克/升.蛋白质结合率为22% ~ 30%。血液消除半衰期(t1/2b)为0。76~1 .尿液排泄率在4小时和8小时内约为46%。两种药物的口服生物利用度分别为97%和75%。 [指示] 本产品适用于敏感细菌引起的各种感染,如: (1)上呼吸道感染:鼻窦炎、扁桃体炎、咽炎等。 (2)下呼吸道感染:急性支气管炎、慢性支气管炎急性加重、肺炎、肺脓肿和支气管并发感染等。 (3)泌尿系统感染:膀胱炎、尿道炎、肾盂肾炎、前列腺炎、盆腔炎、淋球菌尿路感染和软下疳等。 (4)皮肤和软组织感染:疖、脓肿、蜂窝组织炎、伤口感染、腹腔内脓毒症等。 (5)其他感染:中耳炎、骨髓炎、败血症、腹膜炎和术后感染等。 [用法和用量] 口服。成人和12岁以上的儿童应一次服用一片,一天三次。严重感染的剂量可以加倍。未经复查,连续治疗期不得超过14天。 [不良反应] (1)常见胃肠道反应,如腹泻、恶心呕吐等。

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(14:1)干混悬剂说明书

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾干混悬剂 以下内容仅供参考,请以药品包装盒中的说明书为准。 妊娠:慎用 哺乳:慎用 阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(14:1)干混悬剂说明书 请仔细阅读说明书并在医师指导下使用 【药品名称】 通用名称:阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(14:1)干混悬剂 英文名称:Amoxicillin and ClavulanatePotassium(14:1)for Suspension 汉语拼音:AmoxilinKelaweisuanjia(14:1)Ganhunxuanji 【成份】本品为复方制剂,其组分为每袋含阿莫西林600mg和克拉维酸43mg。 【性状】本品为白色至淡黄色粉末或细颗粒;气芳香,味甜。 【适应症】

本品适用于因肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌(包括产β-内酰胺酶菌株)、卡他摩拉克菌(包括产β-内酰胺酶菌株)引起的反复发作的或难治性急性小儿中耳炎。 【规格】0.643g (C16H19N3O5S 0.6g与C8H9NO5 0.043g) 【用法用量】 用法:口服,取本品适量,置于适量温开水中,搅拌至完全溶解后服用。 用量:按每日每公斤体重90mg计算,分2次服用,服用10天。或遵医嘱。 【不良反应】 1、少数患者可出现轻度的恶心、呕吐、腹泻和假膜性结肠炎等胃肠道不良反应,如出现上述不良反应,可吃饭时服用,上述反应可改善或消失。 2、偶见荨麻疹样皮疹,发生荨麻疹和严重的麻疹样皮疹时,应停止使用本品。 3、极少数患者表现暂时性的肝功能异常。 【禁忌】 下列情况禁用:

1、对本品任何成份过敏。 2、对青霉素等β内酰酶类抗生素有过敏史者。 【注意事项】 1、用前需做青霉素钠的皮内敏感试验,阳性反应者禁用。 2、未经医生慎重研究,妊娠期内建议不使用本品。 3、肝功能不全者慎用。 4、中度或重度肾功能衰竭的病人应用本品应按医嘱调整剂量。 【孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药】 由于妊娠期内口服氨苄西林类抗生素吸收有一定影响,故需经医生研究后决定。另本品可通过乳汁排泄。因此,哺乳期妇女应慎重。 【儿童用药】尚未确定小于3个月婴儿服用本品的安全和有效性。 【老年用药】未进行该项实验且无可靠参考文献。 【药物相互作用】 1、与氯霉素合用后,体外试验表明对流感杆菌作用影响不一。 2、与别嘌醇合用可使皮疹反应发生率增加,尤多见高尿酸

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾分散片药物详细说明

药品名称: 通用名称:阿莫西林克拉维酸钾分散片 英文名称:Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium Dispersible Tablets 商品名称:君尔清 成份: 阿莫西林,克拉维酸 适应症: 本品可用于治疗如下条件中指明的微生物的敏感菌株引起的感染: 1、下呼吸系统感染:由β-内酰胺酶产生菌嗜血杆菌或摩拉克菌引起。 2、中耳炎:由β-内酰胺酶产生菌嗜血杆菌或摩拉克菌引起。 3、窦炎:由β-内酰胺酶产生菌嗜血杆菌或摩拉克菌引起。 4、皮肤及皮肤软组织感染:由β-内酰胺酶产生菌葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌或克雷白杆菌引起。 5、尿路感染:由大肠杆菌、克雷白杆菌或肠杆菌引起。 尽管本品对以上各种感染有效,但由氨苄青霉素敏感菌引发的感染也可用本品治疗,其原因是本品含有阿莫西林成份。因此对氨苄青霉素敏感的微生物和产生β-内酰胺酶的微生物引发的复合感染均对本品敏感,不需要再另用其它的抗生素。因为阿莫西林在体外对肺炎链球菌比氨苄青霉素和青霉素更有效,因此对氨苄青霉素或青霉素敏感的绝大多数的肺炎链球菌对阿莫西林和本品是完全敏感的。 为检测致病菌及其对本品的敏感性,应和外科手术一起进行细菌学试验。当感染可能涉及上述的产生β-内酰胺酶的微生物,在细菌学和敏感试验得到结果前须开始治疗,以便测得致病菌和其对本品的敏感性。一旦知道结果,如需要,应及时调整治疗方案。 规格: 0.2285g(阿莫西林0.2g、和克拉维酸28.5mg)。 用法用量: 本品可直接口服,或置适量温开水中,搅拌至完全溶解后服用。本品也可置于牛奶或果汁中,搅拌至完全溶解后服用。 成人及体重大于40kg(或年龄大于12岁)的儿童,根据病情的需要,每次2~4片(每片含阿莫西林200mg 和克拉维酸28.5mg),每12小时一次。或遵医嘱。 体重小于40kg(或年龄小于12岁)的儿童,建议选用混悬剂。如果选用本品,建议的剂量如下: 1) 对于7~12岁的儿童,每次1片半(每片含阿莫西林200mg和克拉维酸28.5mg),每12小时一次。或 遵医嘱。 2) 对于2~7岁的儿童,每次1片(每片含阿莫西林200mg和克拉维酸28.5mg),每12小时一次。或遵医 嘱。 3) 对于9个月~2岁的儿童,每次1/2片(每片含阿莫西林200mg和克拉维酸28.5mg),每12小时一次。 或遵医嘱。

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾 药的种类有很多,在对药物选择上,不能随意的进行,不过在对药物吃的时候,也是需要适量,这样吃的时候,对人体健康才不会有任何的伤害,那阿莫西林克拉维酸钾是什么药物呢。这类药物在选择上,不能随意的进行,要先对它进行很好的了解,这样才会知道该如何选择最佳。 那阿莫西林克拉维酸钾是一种什么样的药物呢,下面就详细的介绍下,使得在对这样问题上,都是有着很好的了解,不过对这样药物选择,也是要按照要求进行。 ★阿莫西林克拉维酸钾: 阿莫西林克拉维酸钾适用于产β-内酰胺酶流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌所致的下呼吸道感染、中耳炎、鼻窦炎;产β-内酰胺酶金葡菌和产酶肠杆菌科细菌如大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属所致的尿路和皮肤软组织感染等;亦可用于肠球菌所致的轻、中度感染。本品亦可用于上述细菌中不产酶菌株所致的上述各种感染。

★用法用量: 1.成人:肺炎及其他中度严重感染:口服1次625mg(含阿莫西林500mg),每8小时1次,疗程7~10天。一般感染:1次375mg(含阿莫西林250mg),每8小时1次,疗程7~10天。 2.小儿:①新生儿与3月以内婴儿:按阿莫西林计算,每12小时15mg/kg;②40kg以下儿童剂量:按阿莫西林计算,一般感染每12小时25mg/kg或每8小时20mg/kg,较重感染每12小时45mg/kg,或每8小时40mg/kg,以上均根据病情轻重而定。疗程7~10天;其他感染剂量减半。③40kg以上的儿童可按成人剂量给药。 3.肾功能减退者:肌酐清除率>30ml/min时不需减量;肌酐清除率10~30ml/min者每12小时用阿莫西林250~ 500mg;<10ml/min者阿莫西林每24小时用250~500mg。

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾溶解变色

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾溶解变色 2012年7月12日,普外科于12:40配制阿莫西林克拉维酸钾试敏液,将12ml0.9%氯化钠注射液加入0.75g注射用阿莫西林克拉维酸钾中溶解,给患者试敏后,剩余药液置于配液室,13:15时,发现剩余药液已经变成红色,颜色略淡于碘伏,将已经改变颜色的药液稀释于150ml0.9%氯化钠注射液中,溶液为棕黄色。此现象在此之前发生过两次。据全院该药品使用量较大的儿科护理人员反映,该药品配制后变色的现象频繁发生。主要原因分析如下: 1.阿莫西林钠和克拉维酸钾在分子结构上均为含有β-内酰胺结构的化合物,对光、热、湿均不稳定, 其中克拉维酸钾极易引湿,遇水极易分解。应密闭,在凉暗干燥处(≤20℃)保存; 在溶解、稀释和输注过程中也尽可能在阴凉处并避光。 2.注射用阿莫西林钠克拉维酸钾在中性溶液中易被溶解,当溶液pH降低时,两者均由盐的形式变成酸的形式存在,其在水溶液中的溶解度就大大降低。一般不应在pH6.5以下的溶液中使用,否则有出现沉淀的危险。因此本品应选择0.9%氯化钠注射液(pH值6.5~7.0)为溶媒。 3.浓度和时间对稳定性的影响:阿莫西林克拉维酸钾溶解稀释浓度越高分解越快。浓度应选择1.2g/100ml。时间(药物保存的时间、药物溶解稀释的时间、药物输注的时间)与药物的稳定性有密切关系,必须选择一个合理的时间段。在用氯化钠注射液溶解后,应立即稀释至1.2g/100ml,30min内完成静脉滴注,从药液配制到完成滴注,全过程最好不超过2h(20℃以下暗处)。 4、建议:阿莫西林克拉维酸钾应该选择溶媒量为1.2g/100ml,用氯化钠溶解后应立即避光进行滴注,颜色发黄后不应使用。

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾治疗小儿尿路感染的临床效果

·妇幼医学·中国当代医药2019年2月第26卷第5期CHINA MODERN MEDICINE Vol.26No.5January 2019尿路感染是临床泌尿系统常见的感染疾病,主要是由于病原菌侵犯尿路黏膜,引起尿路炎症[1]。目前随着对尿路感染的不断深入研究,人们发现尿路感染多 是由革兰阴性杆菌所致,发病率较高,反复迁延不愈, 部分患儿甚至出现肾功能损伤[2-3]。头孢曲松钠是既往临床常用治疗尿路感染的抗菌药,具有较广的抗菌 谱[4]。但随着头孢曲松钠在临床上广泛应用,细菌的耐药性越来越高,头孢曲松钠的治疗效果有所降低[5]。本研究回顾性分析我院收治的118例尿路感染患儿的临床资料,旨在探讨阿莫西林克拉维酸钾治疗小儿尿路感染的临床效果,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料回顾性分析2015年9月~2017年9月我院收治阿莫西林克拉维酸钾治疗小儿尿路感染的临床效果 赵秋华刘秀蜀林乐欣 广东省河源市妇幼保健院儿科,广东河源 517000[摘要]目的探讨阿莫西林克拉维酸钾治疗小儿尿路感染的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年9月~2017年9月我院收治的118例尿路感染患儿的临床资料,按照治疗方法的不同将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各59例。其中采用头孢曲松钠治疗的患儿作为对照组,采用阿莫西林克拉维酸钾治疗的患儿作为观察组。比较两组患儿的临床治疗效果、退热时间、尿菌转阴时间、细菌清除率及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患儿的治疗总有效率为96.61%,高于对照组的84.44%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。观察组患儿的退热时间、尿菌转阴时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。观察组患儿的细菌清除率为95.59%,高于对照组的81.54%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。观察组患儿的不良反应总发生率为5.08%,与对照组的8.47%比较,差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论阿莫西林克拉维酸钾治疗尿路感染具有良好的效果,能明显缩短患儿的治愈时间,细菌清除率更高,不良反应少,值得临床应用及推广。 [关键词]阿莫西林克拉维酸钾;尿路感染;头孢曲松钠;细菌学[中图分类号]R969.3[文献标识码]A [文章编号]1674-4721(2019)2(b)-0120-03 Clinical effect of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium in the treatment of urinary tract infection in children ZHAO Qiu-hua LIU Xiu-shu LIN Le-xin Department of Pediatrics,Heyuan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Guangdong Province,Heyuan 517000, China [Abstract]Objective To explore the clinical effect of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium in the treatment of uri?nary tract infection in children.Methods The clinical data of 118children with urinary tract infection admitted to our hospital from September 2015to September 2017were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different treatment methods,they were divided into the control group and the observation group,with 59cases in each group.Children treated with Ceftriaxone Sodium were selected as the control group,and children treated with Amoxicillin Clavulanate Potassium were selected as the observation group.The clinical treatment effect,antipyretic time,urinary bacteria turn?ing into negative time,bacterial clearance rate and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 96.61%,which was higher than that in the control group (84.44%),and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The antipyretic time and urinary bacteria turn?ing into negative time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05).The bacterial clearance rate of the observation group was 95.59%,which was higher than that of the control group (81.54%),and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The total incidence rate of adverse reactions in the observation group was 5.08%,compared with 8.47%in the control group,and the dif?ference was not statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusion Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium has a good effect in the treatment of urinary tract infection,and it can significantly shorten the healing time of children,has higher bac? terial clearance rate and fewer adverse reactions,which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.[Key words]Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium;Urinary tract infection;Ceftriaxone Sodium;Bacteriology 120

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾干混悬剂

阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾干混悬剂 【核准日期】 2007年02月20日 【修订日期】 2010年04月22日 【药品名称】 通用名:阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾干混悬剂 商品名:奥先 英文名:Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for Suspension 汉语拼音:A Mo Xi Lin Ke La Wei Suan Jia Gan Hun Xuan Ji 【成份】 本品为复方制剂,其组分为阿莫西林(C16H19N3O5S)和克拉维酸钾两者之比为7:。【性状】 本品为类白色均匀干粉。 【适应症】 本品可用于治疗如下条件中指明的微生物的敏感菌株引起的感染: 1.下呼吸系统感染:由β-内酰胺酶产生菌嗜血杆菌或摩拉克菌引起。 2.中耳炎:由β-内酰胺酶产生菌嗜血杆菌或摩拉克菌引起。 3.窦炎:由β-内酰胺酶产生菌嗜血杆菌或摩拉克菌引起。 4.皮肤及皮肤软组织感染:由β-内酰胺酶产生菌葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌或克雷白杆菌引起。 5.尿路感染:由大肠杆菌、克雷白杆菌或肠杆菌引起。 尽管本品对以上各种感染有效,但由氨苄青霉素敏感菌引起的感染也可由本品治疗,其原因是本品含有阿莫西林成分。因此对氨苄青霉素敏感的微生物和产生β-内酰胺酶的微生物引发的复合感染均对本品敏感,不需要再另用其它的抗生素。因为阿莫西林在体外对肺炎链球菌比氨苄青霉素和青霉素更有效,因此对氨苄青霉素或青霉素中性敏感的绝大多数的肺炎链球菌对阿莫西林和本品是安全敏感的。 为检测致病菌及其对本品的敏感性,应和外科手术一起进行细菌学试验。当感染可能涉及上述的产生β-内酰胺酶的微生物,在细菌学和敏感试验得到结果前须开始治疗,以便测得致病菌和其对本品的敏感性。一旦知道结果,如需要,应及时调整治疗方案。 【规格】 0.2285g(7:1)/包。 【用法用量】 温水冲服。 成人及体重大于40kg(或年龄大于12岁)的儿童,根据病情的需要,每次2-4包(每包含阿莫西林200mg和克拉维酸28.5mg),每12小时1次,或遵医嘱。 体重小于40kg(或年龄小于12岁)的儿童,建议的剂量如下: (1)对于7-12岁的儿童,每次1包半(每包含阿莫西林200mg和克拉维酸28.5mg),每12小时一次,或遵医嘱。

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